Qualitative_data_analysis

54 QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
Figure 3.9 Qualitative analysis as a single sequential process
the empirical world and sharpen our conceptual tools, even if it does not result in
highly abstract theories. Even so, it is important in qualitative analysis to be
theoretical and systematic, in the sense of articulating and working towards some
overall objectives rather than just trying to muddle through. The over-riding
objective of analysis is to produce an intelligible, coherent and valid account.
• In classifying we establish logical connections between categories
• Once categorized, we can look for patterns in the data
• Statistics can help identify singularities, regularities and variations
• Regularities can be suggestive but not conclusive evidence of
connections
• To establish connections requires a qualitative analysis of
capabilities and liabilities
• Capabilities can be analysed in terms of social structure
• Graphic representation is useful in analysing concepts and their
connections
• Theories can contribute direction and order to the analysis
I have presented these various aspects of analysis sequentially, as though analysis
proceeded straight through the various facets of description and classification to
connecting concepts and producing an overall account (Figure 3.9).
However, analysis is iterative and is better represented by a spiral than a straight line
(Figure 3.10).
To change the analogy somewhat, we can compare qualitative data analysis with
climbing a mountain to see the view. First of all, we must insist that our mountain rises
above the plain world of common sense to afford a more ‘scientific’ perspective. The
common sense world tends to take meanings for granted; it tends to reify the social
world, i.e. to treat as ‘things’ structures and relationships which are produced and
sustained through meaningful social action. Social science is redundant if it does not
transcend a common sense view of the world—we cannot interpret or explain social
action without also critically evaluating it (Sayer 1992:39– #8211;40).