Qualitative_data_analysis

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References Allen, Woody (1978) ‘If the Impressionists had been Dentists’ in Without Feathers, London: Sphere. Baxandall, Michael (1974) Painting’s Experience in 15th Century Italy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Becker, Howard and Geer, Blanche (1982) ‘Participant Observation: The Analysis of Qualitative Field Data’ in Burgess, Robert (ed.) Field Research: A Sourcebook and Field Manual London: Allen & Unwin. Becker, Howard (1986) Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book or Article, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bettelheim, Bruno (1991) The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales, London: Penguin. Blalock, Hubert M. (1960) Social Statistics, London: McGraw-Hill. Bliss, Joan et al. (1983) Qualitative Data Analysis: A Guide to Uses of Systematic Networks, London: Croom Helm. Bogdan, Robert C. and Biklen, Sari Knopp (1982) Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods, Boston and London: Allyn & Bacon Inc. Bohm, David (1983) Wholeness and the Implicate Order, London and New York: Ark. Brooks, C. and Warren, W.P. (1967) Understanding Poetry, New York: Holt, RineHart and Wilson, third edition. Brown, Andrew (1991) ‘How do you tell an Essex Girl from a West Coast blonde?’ The Independent, 5th November. Bryman, Alan (1988) Quantity and Quality in Social Research, London: Unwin Hyman Ltd. Burgess, Robert (ed.) (1982) Field Research: A Sourcebook and Field Manual, London: Allen & Unwin. Buzan, Tony (1989) Use Your Head, London: BBC Books. Capra, Fritjof (1983) The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism, London: Fontana Paperbacks. Cody, Liza (1991) Back Hand, London: Chatto & Windus. Cordingley, Elizabeth S. (1991) ‘The Upside and Downside of Hypertext Tools: The KANT Example’ in Fielding, Nigel G. and Lee, Raymond M. (eds) Using Computers in Qualitative Research, London: Sage. Coveney, Peter and Highfield, Roger (1991) The Arrow of Time, Great Britain: Flamingo. Denzin, K. (1978) The Research Act, New York: McGraw-Hill. Dixon, Beverly et al. (1987) A Handbook of Social Science Research: A Comprehensive and Practical Guide for Students, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dixon, Bernard (1991) ‘The Man who Shot Down the Mosquito’, The Independent, 11th November. Edson, C.H. (1988) ‘Our Past and Present: Historical Inquiry in Education’ in Sherman, Robert R. and Webb, Rodman B., (eds) Qualitative Research for Education: Focus and Methods, London: The Falmer Press.
286 QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Fielding, Nigel and Fielding, Jane (1986) Linking Data, London: Sage. Fielding, Nigel G. and Lee, Raymond M. (eds) (1991) Using Computers in Qualitative Research, London: Sage. Galtung, Johan (1967) Theory and Methods of Social Research, London: Allen & Unwin. Geerz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books. Giarelli, James M. (1988) ‘Qualitative Inquiry in Philosophy and Education: Notes on the Pragmatic Tradition’ in Sherman, Robert R. and Webb, Rodman B. (eds) Qualitative Research for Education: Focus and Methods, London: The Falmer Press. Gibbon, Edward (1960) The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, London: Chatto & Windus. Hawking, Stephen W. (1988) A Brief History of Time, London: Transworld. Jones, Sue (1985) ‘The Analysis of Depth Interviews’ in Walker, Robert (ed.) Applied Qualitative Research, London: Gower. Jones, Steve 1991 ‘A Message from our Ancestors’ (Reith Lecture), The Independent, 14th November. Marsh, Catherine (1982) The Survey Method: The Contribution of Surveys to Sociological Explanation, London: Allen & Unwin. Maxwell, A.E. (1961) Analysing Qualitative Data, London: Methuen. Merrill Lisa (1988) ‘Feminist Humour: Affirmation and Rebellion’ in Barreca Regina (ed.) Last Laughs: Perspectives on Women and Comedy, London: Gordon & Breach. Miles M. and Huberman M. (1984) Qualitative Data Analysis, Beverly Hills CA: Sage. Monk, Ray (1992) ‘The Philosopher’s New Mind’, The Independent, 3rd April. O’Hanlon, Redmond (1988) In Trouble Again, London: Hamish Hamilton. Patton, Michael Quinn (1980) Qualitative Evaluation Methods, London: Sage. Penrose, Roger (1990) The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics, London: Vintage. Peter, Laurence (1982) Quotations for our Time, London: Methuen. Pfaffenberger, Bryan (1988) Microcomputer Applications in Qualitative Research, London: Sage. Praverand, Pierre (1984) ‘Tomorrow is already Today: Development Education and the New 21st Century Paradigm’ in Garrett, Roger (ed.) Education and Development, Beckenham, Kent: Croom Helm. Richards, Lyn and Richards, Tom (1991) ‘The Transformation of Qualitative Method’ in Fielding, Nigel G. and Lee, Raymond M. (eds) Using Computers in Qualitative Research, London: Sage. Riley, Judith (1990) Getting the Most From Your Data: A Handbook of Practical Ideas on How to Analyse Qualitative Data, Bristol: Technical and Educational Services Ltd. Sabatier, P.A. (1986) ‘Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches to Implementation Research: A Critical Analysis and Suggested Synthesis’, Journal of Public Policy 6, 21–48. Sayer, Andrew (1992) Method in Social Science: A Realist Approach, London and New York: Routledge. Seidel, John (1991) ‘Method and Madness in the Application of Computer Technology to Qualitative Data Analysis’ in Fielding, Nigel G. and Lee, Raymond M. (eds) Using Computers in Qualitative Research, London: Sage. Shimahara, Nobuo (1988) ‘Anthroethnography: A Methodological Consideration’ in Sherman, Robert R. and Webb, Rodman B. (eds) Qualitative Research for Education: Focus and Methods, London: The Falmer Press.
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Qualitative data analysis Learning
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First published 1993 by Routledge 1
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Glossary 283 References 285 Index 2
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9.1 Categorizing data—1 120 9.2 C
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3.1 Personal ads 42 5.1 ‘The libr
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Preface A new book on qualitative d
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analyse humour from any number of p
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Q. What colour is snow? A. White. C
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INTRODUCTION 3 approaches, interest
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INTRODUCTION 5 qualitative methods.
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INTRODUCTION 7 First of all, I take
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INTRODUCTION 9 the purposes of anal
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 11 distan
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 13 contem
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 15 ‘ric
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classified. Take the example in Ill
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Figure 2.1 Describing a bit of data
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 21 home;
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Figure 2.4 Nominal variable with mu
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Figure 2.6 Interval variable with f
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ILLUSTRATION 2.2 EXAMPLE OF A GRADI
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 29 what a
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Chapter 3 What is qualitative analy
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Figure 3.2 Three aspects of descrip
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 35 co
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 37 en
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 39 Th
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CLASSIFICATION WHAT IS QUALITATIVE
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nature; photograph preferred but no
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 45 vi
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 47 Fi
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Figure 3.6 Formal and substantive c
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 51 ne
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 53 If
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Figure 3.10 Qualitative analysis as
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Chapter 4 Introducing computers ‘
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ecording of an index of information
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Figure 4.1 A link between text held
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Computer transformations • Search
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Chapter 5 Finding a focus A Zen sto
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FINDING A FOCUS 67 Sheila The solic
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FINDING A FOCUS 69 to reflect upon
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For example, here are some question
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Transposition: Doctor: ‘I’m afr
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Figure 5.2 Main themes for analysin
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Chapter 6 Managing data Piles of pa
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MANAGING DATA 79 setting, by source
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MANAGING DATA 81 Interviewer Maybe
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Figure 6.1 Case documents kept in a
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MANAGING DATA 85 ‘Show the full r
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Chapter 7 Reading and annotating Ac
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• Official/bureaucratic commitmen
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READING AND ANNOTATING 91 women wer
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Techniques for interactive reading
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we can write our comment on a separ
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Figure 7.1 Relating data to key the
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READING AND ANNOTATING 99 may retur
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CREATING CATEGORIES 101 types of ph
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CREATING CATEGORIES 103 conceptual
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CREATING CATEGORIES 105 Categorizat
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Table 8.1 Alternative category list
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This is only a starting point. Our
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CREATING CATEGORIES 111 undertaking
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Figure 8.2 Weighing up the degree o
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CREATING CATEGORIES 115 Although co
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CREATING CATEGORIES 117 for an adeq
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CREATING CATEGORIES 119 well as con
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Figure 9.2 Categorizing data—2 Fi
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are entitled to expect some consist
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ASSIGNING CATEGORIES 125 we ought t
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ASSIGNING CATEGORIES 127 the data.
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have annotated this data. Suppose w
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ASSIGNING CATEGORIES 131 suddenly t
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• What generally constitutes a
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Databits Categories 5. Now she is u
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Chapter 10 Splitting and splicing T
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Using Hypertext linking, whenever n
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SPLITTING AND SPLICING 141 databits
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Category Subcategories Suffering Di
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Figure 10.1 Levels of subclassifica
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ILLUSTRATION 10.5 SUBDIVIDING DATAB
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Figure 10.2 Initial relationships b
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If we want to make this change, it
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Figure 10.5 Reassessing relationshi
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SPLITTING AND SPLICING 155 Although
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Figure 10.8 Comparing subcategories
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Figure 10.9 Shifting the analytic e
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Chapter 11 Linking data Categorizin
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Figure 11.2 Multiple hyperlinks bet
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example, we may ask what it is abou
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Figure 11.5 Linking and categorizin
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Figure 11.7 An explanatory link bet
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Table 11.2 Multiple links between d
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our reasons for making decisions an
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Figure 11.11 Conditional and causal
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Chapter 12 Making connections Imagi
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Figure 12.1 The difference between
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Table 12.1 Concurrence between cate
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Table 12.4 Boolean operators for ca
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From Table 12.6 we can tell that mo
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Notice how this cross-tabulation co
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substantive connections between cat
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Figure 12.5 Following a trail of di
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Figure 12.7 Retrieving chronologica
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This approach is very exploratory,
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MAKING CONNECTIONS 197 Table 12.10
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MAKING CONNECTIONS 199 a consequenc
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Chapter 13 Of maps and matrices A n
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Table 13.1 Comparing information ac
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OF MAPS AND MATRICES 205 [In a calm
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Table 13.5 Data indices by case and
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Table 13.7 Recoding data to express
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Table 13.11 Cross-tabulating ‘occ
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Figure. 13.4 The history of the uni
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Figure 13.7 Incorporating detail by
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Figure 13.10 Comparing differences
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Figure 13.13 Adjusting scope of mos
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Figure 13.17 Comparing strength of
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Figure 13.20 Identifying positive a
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OF MAPS AND MATRICES 225 undercurre
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Chapter 14 Corroborating evidence
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CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 229 There is
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CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 231 describe
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CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 233 of these
Page 250 and 251: Figure 14.1 Concurrence between cat
Page 252 and 253: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 237 possibil
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Page 256 and 257: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 241 seductiv
Page 258 and 259: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 243 research
Page 260 and 261: Chapter 15 Producing an account ‘
Page 262 and 263: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 247 An analysi
Page 264 and 265: Figure 15.2 The whole is greater th
Page 266 and 267: Figure 15.3 Tree diagrams represent
Page 268 and 269: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 253 associatio
Page 270 and 271: worrying unduly about the connectio
Page 272 and 273: Figure 15.5 Different writing strat
Page 274 and 275: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 259 the vibrat
Page 276 and 277: Figure 15.7 Procedures for assignin
Page 278 and 279: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 263 consistent
Page 280 and 281: Table 15.1 Databits assigned to cat
Page 282 and 283: Table 15.3 Distribution of response
Page 284 and 285: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 269 To be subj
Page 286 and 287: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 271 analysts t
Page 288 and 289: Figure 16.3 Analysis as an iterativ
Page 290 and 291: CONCLUSION 275 empirical analysis o
Page 292 and 293: Appendix 1 ‘If the Impressionists
Page 294 and 295: APPENDIX 1 279 though it had been o
Page 296 and 297: Appendix 2 Software The reader look
Page 298 and 299: Glossary Associating categories the
Page 302 and 303: REFERENCES 287 Sperber, Dan and Wil
Page 304 and 305: Capra, F. 29, 64, 99 case studies 1
Page 306 and 307: Galtung, J. 14 Geer, B. 7, 8, 29, 5
Page 308 and 309: connections; description qualitativ
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