Qualitative_data_analysis

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Appendix 1 ‘If the Impressionists had been Dentists’ (Woody Allen 1978) Dear Theo Will life never treat me decently? I am wracked by despair! My head is pounding. Mrs Sol Schwimmer is suing me because I made her bridge as I felt it and not to fit her ridiculous mouth. That’s right! I can’t work to order like a common tradesman. I decided her bridge should be enormous and billowing with wild, explosive teeth flaring up in every direction like fire! Now she is upset because it won’t fit in her mouth! She is so bourgeois and stupid, I want to smash her. I tried forcing the false plate in but it sticks out like a star burst chandelier. Still, I find it beautiful. She claims she can’t chew! What do I care whether she can chew or not! Theo, I can’t go on like this much longer! I asked Cézanne if he would share an office with me but he is old and infirm and unable to hold the instruments and they must be tied to his wrists but then he lacks accuracy and once inside a mouth, he knocks out more teeth than he saves. What to do? Vincent. Dear Theo I took some dental X-rays this week that I thought were good. Degas saw them and was critical. He said the composition was bad. All the cavities were bunched in the lower left corner. I explained to him that that’s how Mrs Stotkin’s mouth looks, but he wouldn’t listen. He said he hated the frames and mahogony was too heavy. When he left, I tore them to shreds! As if that was not enough, I attempted some root-canal work on Mrs Wilma Zardis, but half-way through I became despondent. I realised suddenly that root-canal work is not what I want to do! I grew flushed and dizzy. I ran from the office into the air where I could breathe! I blacked out for several days and woke up at the seashore. When I returned, she was still in the chair. I completed her mouth out of obligation but I couldn’t bring myself to sign it. Vincent. Dear Theo Once again I am in need of funds. I know what a burden I must be to you, but who can I turn to? I need money for materials! I am working almost exclusively with dental floss now, improvising as I go along, and the results are exciting. God! I have
278 QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS not even a penny left for Novocaine! Today I pulled a tooth and had to anesthetize the patient by reading him some Dreiser. Help. Vincent. Dear Theo Have decided to share office with Gauguin. He is a fine dentist who specialises in bridgework, and he seems to like me. He was very complimentary about my work on Mr Jay Greenglass. If you recall, I filled his lower seven, then despised the filling and tried to remove it. Greenglass was adamant and we went to court. There was a legal question of ownership, and on my lawyer’s advice, I cleverly sued for the whole tooth and settled for the filling. Well, someone saw it lying in the corner of my office and he wants to put it in a show! They are already talking about a retrospective! Vincent. Dear Theo I think it is a mistake to share offices with Gauguin. He is a disturbed man. He drinks Lavoris in large quantities. When I accused him, he flew into a rage and pulled my D.D.S. off the wall. In a calmer moment, I convinced him to try filling teeth outdoors and we worked in a meadow surrounded by greens and gold. He put caps on a Miss Angela Tonnato and I gave a temporary filling to Mr Louis Kaufman. There we were, working together in the open air! Rows of blinding white teeth in the sunlight! Then a wind came up and blew Mr Kaufman’s toupee into the bushes. He darted for it and knocked Gauguin’s instruments to the ground. Gauguin blamed me and tried to strike out but pushed Mr Kaufman by mistake, causing him to sit down on the high speed drill. Mr Kaufman rocketed past me on a fly, taking Miss Tonnato with him. The upshot, Theo, is that Rifkin, Rifkin, Rifkin and Meltzer have attached my earnings. Send whatever you can. Vincent. Dear Theo Toulouse-Lautrec is the saddest man in the world. He longs more than anything to be a great dentist, and he has real talent, but he’s too short to reach his patients’ mouths and too proud to stand on anything. Arms over his head, he gropes around their lips blindly, and yesterday, instead of putting caps on Mrs Fitelson’s teeth, he capped her chin. Meanwhile, my old friend Monet refuses to work on anything but very, very large mouths and Seurat, who is quite moody, has developed a method of cleaning one tooth at a time until he builds up what he calls ‘a full, fresh mouth’. It has an architectural solidity to it, but is it dental work? Vincent. Dear Theo I am in love. Claire Memling came in last week for an oral prophylaxis. (I had sent her a postcard telling her it had been six months since her last cleaning even
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Qualitative data analysis Learning
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First published 1993 by Routledge 1
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Glossary 283 References 285 Index 2
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9.1 Categorizing data—1 120 9.2 C
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3.1 Personal ads 42 5.1 ‘The libr
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Preface A new book on qualitative d
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analyse humour from any number of p
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Q. What colour is snow? A. White. C
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INTRODUCTION 3 approaches, interest
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INTRODUCTION 5 qualitative methods.
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INTRODUCTION 7 First of all, I take
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INTRODUCTION 9 the purposes of anal
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 11 distan
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 13 contem
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 15 ‘ric
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classified. Take the example in Ill
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Figure 2.1 Describing a bit of data
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 21 home;
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Figure 2.4 Nominal variable with mu
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Figure 2.6 Interval variable with f
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ILLUSTRATION 2.2 EXAMPLE OF A GRADI
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE DATA? 29 what a
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Chapter 3 What is qualitative analy
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Figure 3.2 Three aspects of descrip
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 35 co
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 37 en
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 39 Th
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CLASSIFICATION WHAT IS QUALITATIVE
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nature; photograph preferred but no
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 45 vi
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 47 Fi
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Figure 3.6 Formal and substantive c
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 51 ne
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WHAT IS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS? 53 If
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Figure 3.10 Qualitative analysis as
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Chapter 4 Introducing computers ‘
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ecording of an index of information
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Figure 4.1 A link between text held
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Computer transformations • Search
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Chapter 5 Finding a focus A Zen sto
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FINDING A FOCUS 67 Sheila The solic
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FINDING A FOCUS 69 to reflect upon
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For example, here are some question
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Transposition: Doctor: ‘I’m afr
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Figure 5.2 Main themes for analysin
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Chapter 6 Managing data Piles of pa
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MANAGING DATA 79 setting, by source
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MANAGING DATA 81 Interviewer Maybe
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Figure 6.1 Case documents kept in a
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MANAGING DATA 85 ‘Show the full r
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Chapter 7 Reading and annotating Ac
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• Official/bureaucratic commitmen
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READING AND ANNOTATING 91 women wer
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Techniques for interactive reading
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we can write our comment on a separ
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Figure 7.1 Relating data to key the
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READING AND ANNOTATING 99 may retur
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CREATING CATEGORIES 101 types of ph
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CREATING CATEGORIES 103 conceptual
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CREATING CATEGORIES 105 Categorizat
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Table 8.1 Alternative category list
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This is only a starting point. Our
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CREATING CATEGORIES 111 undertaking
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Figure 8.2 Weighing up the degree o
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CREATING CATEGORIES 115 Although co
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CREATING CATEGORIES 117 for an adeq
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CREATING CATEGORIES 119 well as con
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Figure 9.2 Categorizing data—2 Fi
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are entitled to expect some consist
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ASSIGNING CATEGORIES 125 we ought t
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ASSIGNING CATEGORIES 127 the data.
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have annotated this data. Suppose w
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ASSIGNING CATEGORIES 131 suddenly t
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• What generally constitutes a
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Databits Categories 5. Now she is u
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Chapter 10 Splitting and splicing T
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Using Hypertext linking, whenever n
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SPLITTING AND SPLICING 141 databits
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Category Subcategories Suffering Di
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Figure 10.1 Levels of subclassifica
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ILLUSTRATION 10.5 SUBDIVIDING DATAB
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Figure 10.2 Initial relationships b
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If we want to make this change, it
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Figure 10.5 Reassessing relationshi
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SPLITTING AND SPLICING 155 Although
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Figure 10.8 Comparing subcategories
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Figure 10.9 Shifting the analytic e
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Chapter 11 Linking data Categorizin
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Figure 11.2 Multiple hyperlinks bet
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example, we may ask what it is abou
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Figure 11.5 Linking and categorizin
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Figure 11.7 An explanatory link bet
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Table 11.2 Multiple links between d
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our reasons for making decisions an
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Figure 11.11 Conditional and causal
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Chapter 12 Making connections Imagi
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Figure 12.1 The difference between
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Table 12.1 Concurrence between cate
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Table 12.4 Boolean operators for ca
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From Table 12.6 we can tell that mo
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Notice how this cross-tabulation co
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substantive connections between cat
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Figure 12.5 Following a trail of di
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Figure 12.7 Retrieving chronologica
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This approach is very exploratory,
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MAKING CONNECTIONS 197 Table 12.10
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MAKING CONNECTIONS 199 a consequenc
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Chapter 13 Of maps and matrices A n
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Table 13.1 Comparing information ac
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OF MAPS AND MATRICES 205 [In a calm
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Table 13.5 Data indices by case and
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Table 13.7 Recoding data to express
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Table 13.11 Cross-tabulating ‘occ
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Figure. 13.4 The history of the uni
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Figure 13.7 Incorporating detail by
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Figure 13.10 Comparing differences
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Figure 13.13 Adjusting scope of mos
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Figure 13.17 Comparing strength of
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Figure 13.20 Identifying positive a
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OF MAPS AND MATRICES 225 undercurre
Page 242 and 243: Chapter 14 Corroborating evidence
Page 244 and 245: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 229 There is
Page 246 and 247: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 231 describe
Page 248 and 249: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 233 of these
Page 250 and 251: Figure 14.1 Concurrence between cat
Page 252 and 253: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 237 possibil
Page 254 and 255: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 239 that the
Page 256 and 257: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 241 seductiv
Page 258 and 259: CORROBORATING EVIDENCE 243 research
Page 260 and 261: Chapter 15 Producing an account ‘
Page 262 and 263: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 247 An analysi
Page 264 and 265: Figure 15.2 The whole is greater th
Page 266 and 267: Figure 15.3 Tree diagrams represent
Page 268 and 269: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 253 associatio
Page 270 and 271: worrying unduly about the connectio
Page 272 and 273: Figure 15.5 Different writing strat
Page 274 and 275: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 259 the vibrat
Page 276 and 277: Figure 15.7 Procedures for assignin
Page 278 and 279: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 263 consistent
Page 280 and 281: Table 15.1 Databits assigned to cat
Page 282 and 283: Table 15.3 Distribution of response
Page 284 and 285: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 269 To be subj
Page 286 and 287: PRODUCING AN ACCOUNT 271 analysts t
Page 288 and 289: Figure 16.3 Analysis as an iterativ
Page 290 and 291: CONCLUSION 275 empirical analysis o
Page 294 and 295: APPENDIX 1 279 though it had been o
Page 296 and 297: Appendix 2 Software The reader look
Page 298 and 299: Glossary Associating categories the
Page 300 and 301: References Allen, Woody (1978) ‘I
Page 302 and 303: REFERENCES 287 Sperber, Dan and Wil
Page 304 and 305: Capra, F. 29, 64, 99 case studies 1
Page 306 and 307: Galtung, J. 14 Geer, B. 7, 8, 29, 5
Page 308 and 309: connections; description qualitativ
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