The International Political Thought of Carl Schmitt: Terror, Liberal ...

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Geopolitics and grosspolitics 55 —— (1991 [1939]) Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung mit Interventionsverbot für raumfremde Mächte, 4th edn, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. —— (1995 [1940]) ‘Raum und Großraum im Völkerrecht’ in Staat, Großraum, Nomos: Arbeiten aus den Jahren 1916–1969, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. —— (1996 [1932]) The Concept of the Political, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. —— (1997 [1950]) Der Nomos der Erde im Völkerrecht des jus publicum Europaeum, 4th edn, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot; trans. G. L. Ulmen (2003) The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of the Jus Publicum Europaeum, New York: Telos Press. Schwab, G. (1989) The Challenge of the Exception: an introduction to the political ideas of Carl Schmitt between 1921 and 1936, 2nd edn, New York: Greenwood Press. Toal, G. (1996) Critical Geopolitics: the politics of writing global space, London: Routledge. Ulmen, G. (1987) ‘American imperialism and international law: Carl Schmitt on the US in world affairs’, Telos, 72: 43–71. —— (1996) ‘Toward a new world order: introduction to Carl Schmitt’s “The land appropriation of a new world” ’, Telos, 109: 3–28. Vasquez, J. A. (1983) The Power of Power Politics: a critique, London: Pinter. Wilson, P. (1998) ‘The myth of the “first great debate” ’, Review of International Studies, 24: 1–16.
3 From humanized war to humanitarian intervention Carl Schmitt’s critique of the Just War tradition 1 Introduction Chris Brown The term ‘humanitarian intervention’ is a rather unfortunate recent coinage. It refers to circumstances where one state or a coalition of states intervenes by force in the supposedly domestic affairs of another state ostensibly in the interests of the population of the latter, for example to prevent or curtail genocide or other gross violations of their human rights. It is unfortunate because, apart from the fact that the adjective ‘humanitarian’ in itself raises all sorts of issues that will be addressed later in this chapter, it directs attention towards the motives of the intervener as the key defining quality of this kind of action, with the implication that unless the intervening states are pure at heart the intervention in question will not count as properly humanitarian. Since, ex hypothesi, states almost always act for a variety of reasons, some altruistic, most not, this kind of purism generally leads to the conclusion that no humanitarian interventions have taken place, and that the claim of such motivation always hides some darker intent. This way of looking at the issue is, I think, mistaken. From the point of view of the victims of genocide or other forms of serious oppression, the motives of their rescuers are not a matter of immediate importance – to take one obvious example, had the French or US governments acted effectively to end the genocide in Rwanda in 1994, it seems unlikely that those whose lives had been saved thereby would have worried too much about exactly why their rescuers acted. In such extreme cases outcomes are what matter rather than intentions; indeed, in this particular case it was precisely because any US action would have had to have been motivated by altruism, since it had no substantial material interests in Rwanda, that no such action took place. 2 Having made this point, I will simply assert – since the scope of this chapter does not allow me to discuss in detail the facts of each case – that there have been a number of interventions since 1990 where states have used force in circumstances where action has actually ended, or curtailed, or prevented largescale human rights abuses and where the motives of the interveners were to bring about this state of affairs, or, at a minimum, were not inconsistent with this outcome. Such was, I think, the case in northern Iraq in 1991, in Bosnia in 1994/1995, in Kosovo and East Timor in 1999 and, under rather different
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The International Political Thought
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10 Ethics and Politics in Contempor
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The International Political Thought
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Contents Notes on contributors ix A
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Contributors Andreas Behnke is a Le
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Contributors xi Italy. He was edito
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Introduction The international poli
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Second, what is really at stake in
Page 18 and 19: Introduction 5 Schmitt, necessarily
Page 20 and 21: Introduction 7 According to Schmitt
Page 22 and 23: Introduction 9 which is a far cry f
Page 24 and 25: (1998), Ojakangas offers a metaphys
Page 26 and 27: The crisis of order (nomos): war, t
Page 28 and 29: Plettenberg, ‘an hazardous undert
Page 30: Introduction 17 ‘Theory of the Pa
Page 34 and 35: 1 The ‘realist institutionalism
Page 36 and 37: The ‘realist institutionalism’
Page 50 and 51: which multinational Großräume led
Page 52 and 53: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 39 fo
Page 54 and 55: Großraum in Central and Eastern Eu
Page 56 and 57: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 43 (C
Page 58 and 59: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 45 Ca
Page 60 and 61: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 47 th
Page 62 and 63: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 49 Th
Page 64 and 65: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 51 ec
Page 66 and 67: mentalists’ in the member states,
Page 70 and 71: From humanized war to intervention
Page 72 and 73: virtue, and is undermined by the ha
Page 74 and 75: The United States and international
Page 80 and 81: Hitler to carve out for Germany an
Page 82: From humanized war to intervention
Page 86 and 87: 4 Global terrorism and the state of
Page 88 and 89: evolutionary war is genuine war, be
Page 90 and 91: The problem of the status of terror
Page 92 and 93: Global terrorism and permanent exce
Page 106 and 107: 8 The National Security Strategy (2
Page 110 and 111: 5 Partisan warfare, terrorism and t
Page 112 and 113: Partisan warfare, terrorism and a n
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fight a ‘war against terrorism’
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6 War, violence and the displacemen
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War, violence and the political 109
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ian) values tends towards its total
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however, their presence, which keep
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Crossing the line? 125 he traces th
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Crossing the line? 127 one hand, th
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Crossing the line? 129 followed the
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Crossing the line? 131 unmediated m
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Crossing the line? 133 of the indiv
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Crossing the line? 135 decision not
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Crossing the line? 137 The War on T
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Crossing the line? 139 emptive wars
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2 Schmitt documents how, in fact, t
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Crossing the line? 143 —— (1996
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8 Carl Schmitt’s warning on the d
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The dangers of a unipolar world 149
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The dangers of a unipolar world 151
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neo-liberal model of globalization
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The re-emerging notion of Empire 15
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more traditional meaning - de Benoi
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From the standpoint of the transiti
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Notes 1A millet was a religious com
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Against world unity 167 in the seco
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Against world unity 169 unlikely) p
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Against world unity 171 this triple
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Against world unity 173 an impossib
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Against world unity 175 the contemp
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‘the day world politics comes to
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emerging global constitution.... In
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Against world unity 181 with indust
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Against world unity 183 Kratochwil,
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11 The evolution of European Union
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the jus publicum Europaeum and the
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EU law and the nomos of Europe 189
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values, which nonetheless were valu
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the individual global settings that
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integral part of the legal systems
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These structural principles are not
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seen as the first and most obvious
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EU law and the nomos of Europe 201
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12 A terrifying world without an ex
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A terrifying world without an exter
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exception proves everything: It con
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Schmitt, this radically conservativ
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Notes A terrifying world without an
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It is from this perspective that th
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The ethos of insecure life 225 enem
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The ethos of insecure life 227 and
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part to decisionism. Yet the images
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The ethos of insecure life 231 it.
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The ethos of insecure life 233 Domi
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The ethos of insecure life 235 diff
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Conclusion The ethos of insecure li
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10 For a more detailed argument on
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The ethos of insecure life 241 Stra
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Carl Schmitt viewed The Nomos of th
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Nomos: word and myth 245 If Michel
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Nomos: word and myth 247 cerned to
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The demonic nomos Nomos: word and m
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Nomos: word and myth 251 ence of 18
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Nomos: word and myth 253 picture. S
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ent kinds of police action. There w
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Notes 1 This and the following four
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Index 9/11 attacks 73, 78, 83-92, 9
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European Community 195, 196; contra
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245-6, 250, 255; globalization of 1
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terrorism 1, 76-9, 80-5, 88-9, 116,
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