The International Political Thought of Carl Schmitt: Terror, Liberal ...

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The ‘realist institutionalism’ of Schmitt 35 —— (2004b) The Theory of the Partisan: a commentary/remark on the concept of the political, trans. A. C. Goodson, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. Available online: msupress.msu.edu/journals/cr/schmitt.pdf (accessed 29 May 2006); (1963) Theorie des Partisanen. Waltz, K. N. (1979) Theory of International Politics, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Walzer, M. (1977; 3rd edn 2000) Just and Unjust Wars: a moral argument with historical illustrations, New York: Basic Books. Wight, M. (1994) International Theory: the three traditions, London: Leicester University Press.
2 Geopolitics and grosspolitics From Carl Schmitt to E. H. Carr and James Burnham Mika Luoma-aho Introduction: Schmitt and grosspolitics In 1939, with Germany’s foreign policy becoming a major issue in European affairs, Carl Schmitt’s Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung mit Interventionsverbot für raumfremde Mächte was certainly noticed. Several German newspapers published long articles describing Schmitt’s Großraum-theory, and the foreign press also took notice of Schmitt’s lecture: two British newspapers presented Schmitt as the theorist behind Hitler’s expansion in Europe (Bendersky 1983: 237–242, 250–252). Though it is not often recognised as such, Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung is also an academic landmark: it anticipated a genre of International Relations (IR) theory that emerged in the 1940s, the subject of which was international order in the post-war era. Recurrent in all this speculation was an attempt to come up with new concepts to replace the traditional national state with something geographically bigger and more powerful. For Schmitt, this concept was of course Großraum 1 (Schmitt 1991). In Schmitt’s Großraumordnung, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the British and Japanese empires had their respective Großräume, with Central Europe fast becoming the backyard of the German Reich. Schmitt’s predictions on the future of Germany soon proved wide of the mark. Where he did fare better was in foreseeing the political form of the emerging international order. Schmitt’s was a geopolitical (or geo-jurisprudential, see Gyorgy 1943: 682) conceptualisation to mark the end of the era of international politics and the beginning of that of ‘grosspolitics’ (if I may), where the world political order was ruled by, not territorial states, but ‘hemispheric’ powers. This order was premised on a de facto repudiation of one of the fundamental norms of state sovereignty laid down in the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück signed in Westphalia in 1648: equality of states in international relations. The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, it discusses the evolution of Schmitt’s geopolitics from his Weimar works to his post-1936 writings, from the state to the Großraum. In his Weimar writings, and especially in his 1932 essay Der Begriff des Politischen, Schmitt developed a historical understanding of the state as the political form of the international order of Westphalia. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Schmitt articulated the foundations of a new order in
Page 2 and 3: The International Political Thought
Page 4 and 5: 10 Ethics and Politics in Contempor
Page 6 and 7: The International Political Thought
Page 8 and 9: Contents Notes on contributors ix A
Page 10 and 11: Contributors Andreas Behnke is a Le
Page 12 and 13: Contributors xi Italy. He was edito
Page 14 and 15: Introduction The international poli
Page 16 and 17: Second, what is really at stake in
Page 18 and 19: Introduction 5 Schmitt, necessarily
Page 20 and 21: Introduction 7 According to Schmitt
Page 22 and 23: Introduction 9 which is a far cry f
Page 24 and 25: (1998), Ojakangas offers a metaphys
Page 26 and 27: The crisis of order (nomos): war, t
Page 28 and 29: Plettenberg, ‘an hazardous undert
Page 30: Introduction 17 ‘Theory of the Pa
Page 34 and 35: 1 The ‘realist institutionalism
Page 36 and 37: The ‘realist institutionalism’
Page 50 and 51: which multinational Großräume led
Page 52 and 53: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 39 fo
Page 54 and 55: Großraum in Central and Eastern Eu
Page 56 and 57: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 43 (C
Page 58 and 59: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 45 Ca
Page 60 and 61: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 47 th
Page 62 and 63: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 49 Th
Page 64 and 65: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 51 ec
Page 66 and 67: mentalists’ in the member states,
Page 68 and 69: Geopolitics and grosspolitics 55
Page 70 and 71: From humanized war to intervention
Page 72 and 73: virtue, and is undermined by the ha
Page 74 and 75: The United States and international
Page 80 and 81: Hitler to carve out for Germany an
Page 82: From humanized war to intervention
Page 86 and 87: 4 Global terrorism and the state of
Page 88 and 89: evolutionary war is genuine war, be
Page 90 and 91: The problem of the status of terror
Page 92 and 93: Global terrorism and permanent exce
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Global terrorism and permanent exce
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8 The National Security Strategy (2
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5 Partisan warfare, terrorism and t
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Partisan warfare, terrorism and a n
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fight a ‘war against terrorism’
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6 War, violence and the displacemen
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War, violence and the political 109
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ian) values tends towards its total
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however, their presence, which keep
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Crossing the line? 125 he traces th
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Crossing the line? 127 one hand, th
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Crossing the line? 129 followed the
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Crossing the line? 131 unmediated m
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Crossing the line? 133 of the indiv
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Crossing the line? 135 decision not
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Crossing the line? 137 The War on T
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Crossing the line? 139 emptive wars
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2 Schmitt documents how, in fact, t
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Crossing the line? 143 —— (1996
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8 Carl Schmitt’s warning on the d
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The dangers of a unipolar world 149
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The dangers of a unipolar world 151
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neo-liberal model of globalization
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The re-emerging notion of Empire 15
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more traditional meaning - de Benoi
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From the standpoint of the transiti
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Notes 1A millet was a religious com
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Against world unity 167 in the seco
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Against world unity 169 unlikely) p
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Against world unity 171 this triple
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Against world unity 173 an impossib
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Against world unity 175 the contemp
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‘the day world politics comes to
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emerging global constitution.... In
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Against world unity 181 with indust
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Against world unity 183 Kratochwil,
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11 The evolution of European Union
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the jus publicum Europaeum and the
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EU law and the nomos of Europe 189
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values, which nonetheless were valu
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the individual global settings that
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integral part of the legal systems
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These structural principles are not
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seen as the first and most obvious
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EU law and the nomos of Europe 201
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12 A terrifying world without an ex
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A terrifying world without an exter
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exception proves everything: It con
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Schmitt, this radically conservativ
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Notes A terrifying world without an
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It is from this perspective that th
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The ethos of insecure life 225 enem
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The ethos of insecure life 227 and
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part to decisionism. Yet the images
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The ethos of insecure life 231 it.
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The ethos of insecure life 233 Domi
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The ethos of insecure life 235 diff
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Conclusion The ethos of insecure li
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10 For a more detailed argument on
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The ethos of insecure life 241 Stra
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Carl Schmitt viewed The Nomos of th
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Nomos: word and myth 245 If Michel
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Nomos: word and myth 247 cerned to
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The demonic nomos Nomos: word and m
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Nomos: word and myth 251 ence of 18
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Nomos: word and myth 253 picture. S
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ent kinds of police action. There w
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Notes 1 This and the following four
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Index 9/11 attacks 73, 78, 83-92, 9
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European Community 195, 196; contra
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245-6, 250, 255; globalization of 1
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terrorism 1, 76-9, 80-5, 88-9, 116,
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