The International Political Thought of Carl Schmitt: Terror, Liberal ...

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seen as the first and most obvious step towards a fusion of national interests. European peace would thus be assured not by diplomacy between nation-states, but by dismantling the political-economic sovereignty of nation-states, albeit gradually and only in selected areas. The Treaty was envisaged as the first step in a long and continuing process of building down sovereign national borders, based on the notion that the values of the European nation-states no longer map onto those nation-states, but rather exceed and precede them. Jean Monnet said: The Schuman proposals are revolutionary or they are nothing. The indispensable first principle of these proposals is the abnegation of sovereignty in a limited but decisive field. A plan which is not based on this principle can make no useful contribution to the solution of the major problems which undermine our existence. Cooperation between nations, while essential, cannot alone meet our problem. What must be sought is a fusion of the interests of the European peoples and not merely another effort to maintain the equilibrium of those interests. (Cited in Fontaine 2004: 17) 4 Of the Kantian variety most notably envisaged by Höffe (1999). Bibliography EU law and the nomos of Europe 199 Alston, P. and Weiler, J. H. H. (1999) ‘An “Ever Closer Union” in Need of a Human Rights Policy: the European Union and human rights’, in P. Alston, M. R. Bustelo and J. Heenan (eds) The EU and Human Rights, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1–66. Burgess, J. P. (2002) ‘What’s so European about the European Union? Legitimacy between institution and identity’, European Journal of Social Theory, 5, no. 4: 467–481. Cairns, W. (1997) Introduction to European Union Law, London: Cavendish. Chalmers, D. and Szyszczak, E. M. (1998), European Union Law, Aldershot/Brookfield, VT: Ashgate/Dartmouth. Cohen-Johanthan, G. (1989) La Convention européenne des droits de l’homme, Paris: Hamaritain. de Boisgrollier, N. (2005) ‘The European Disunion’, Survival, 47, no. 3: 55–62. de Witte, B. (1999) ‘Direct Effect, Supremacy, and the Nation of the Legal Order’ in P. Craig and G. de Búrca (eds) The Evolution of European Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 177–213. Derrida, J. (1994) Force de loi: Le ‘Fondement mystique de l’autorité’, Paris: Galilée. European Commission (1992) Treaty of European Union, Brussels: European Commission. —— (2003) More Unity and More Diversity: The European Union’s Biggest Enlargement, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Commission. —— (2004) Provisional Consolidated Version of the Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe, Brussels: European Commission. European Court of Justice (1963) Van Gend en Loos, aff. 26/62. Available online at www.europa.eu.int/servlet/portail/RenderServlet?search�DocNumber&lg�en&nb_do cs�25&domain�Caselaw&in_force�NO&type_doc�CaseLaw&an_doc�1962&nu_ doc�26 (Accessed 21 December 2006). European Court of Justice (1964) Costa vs. ENEL, aff. 6/64. Available online at www.europa.eu.int/servlet/portail/RenderServlet?search�DocNumber&lg�en&nb_do cs�25&domain�Caselaw&in_force�NO&type_doc�CaseLaw&an_doc�1964&nu_ doc�6 (Accessed 21 December 2006).
200 J. P. Burgess Evans, A. (1998) A Textbook on EU Law, Oxford: Hart. Fontaine, P. (2004) A New Idea for Europe: the Schuman declaration 1950–2000, Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Union. Gautron, J.-C. (1999) Droit européen, Paris: Éditions Dalloz. General Assembly of the United Nations (1948) Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available online at www.hrweb.org/legal/udhr.html (Accessed 21 December 2006). Heidegger, M. (1986 [1957]) ‘Der Satz der Identität’, in Identität und Differenz, Tübingen: Neske, 9–30. Höffe, Otfried (1999) Demokratie im Zeitalter der Globalisierung, Munich: C. H. Beck. Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2006) ‘Europe’s Blues: theoretical soul-searching after the rejection of the European Constitution’, Political Science and Politics, 39, no. 2: 247–250. Hunnings, N. M. (1996) Encyclopedia of European Union Law: Constitutional Texts, London: Sweet & Maxwell. Koskenniemi, Martti (2000) ‘Carl Schmitt, Hans Morgenthau, and the Image of Law in International Relations’, in M. Byers (ed.) The Role of Law in International Politics: essays in international relations and international law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 17–34. Liddel, H. G. and Schott, R. (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press. McCormick, J. P. (2003) ‘Carl Schmitt’s Europe: cultural, imperial and spatial proposals for European integration, 1923–1955’, in C. Joerges and N. S. Ghaleigh (eds) Darker Legacies of Law in Europe: the shadow of National Socialism and Fascism over Europe and its legal traditions, Oxford: Hart, 133–142. MacLean, R. M. (2000) Law of the European Union, London: Old Bailey Press. Moravcsik, A. (2005) ‘A Too Perfect Union? Why Europe said “no” ’, Current History, 104, no. 685: 355–359. Niess, F. (2001) Die europäische Idee: aus dem Geist des Widerstands, Frankfurt: Suhrkamp. Pageden, A. (2002) ‘Europe: Conceptualizing a Continent’, in A. Pageden (ed.) The Idea of Europe from Antiquity to the Europe Union, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 33–54. Passerini, L. (2002) ‘From Ironies of Identity to the Identities of Irony’, in A. Pageden (ed.) The Idea of Europe from Antiquity to the Europe Union, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 191–208. Schmitt, C. (1925) Politische Romantik, Munich: Duncker & Humblot. —— (1930a) ‘Das Problem der innerpolitischen Neutralität des Staates’, Verfassungsrechtliche Aufsätze, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 41–59. —— (1930b) Hugo Preuss: Sein Staatsbegriff und seine Stellung in der deutschen Staatslehre, Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr. —— (1931) Der Hüter der Verfassung, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. —— (1932a) Der Begriff des Politischen, Munich: Duncker & Humblot. —— (1932b) Legalität und Legitimität, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. —— (1939) Völkerrechtliche Grossraumordnung, mit Interventionsverbot für raumfremde Mächte: ein Beitrag zum Reichsbegriff im Völkerrecht, Berlin and Vienna: Deutscher Rechtsverlag. —— (1957) ‘Die Lage der europäischen Rechtswissenschaft (1943/44)’, in Verfassungsrechtliche Aufsätze, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 386–429; (1990) ‘The Plight of European Jurisprudence’, trans. G. L. Ulmen, Telos, 83: 35–70. —— (1995 [1962]) ‘Die Ordnung der Welt nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg’, in G. Maschke
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The International Political Thought
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10 Ethics and Politics in Contempor
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The International Political Thought
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Contents Notes on contributors ix A
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Contributors Andreas Behnke is a Le
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Contributors xi Italy. He was edito
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Introduction The international poli
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Second, what is really at stake in
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Introduction 5 Schmitt, necessarily
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Introduction 7 According to Schmitt
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Introduction 9 which is a far cry f
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(1998), Ojakangas offers a metaphys
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The crisis of order (nomos): war, t
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Plettenberg, ‘an hazardous undert
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Introduction 17 ‘Theory of the Pa
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1 The ‘realist institutionalism
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The ‘realist institutionalism’
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which multinational Großräume led
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Geopolitics and grosspolitics 39 fo
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Großraum in Central and Eastern Eu
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Geopolitics and grosspolitics 43 (C
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Geopolitics and grosspolitics 45 Ca
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Geopolitics and grosspolitics 47 th
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Geopolitics and grosspolitics 49 Th
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Geopolitics and grosspolitics 51 ec
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mentalists’ in the member states,
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Geopolitics and grosspolitics 55
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From humanized war to intervention
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virtue, and is undermined by the ha
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The United States and international
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Hitler to carve out for Germany an
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4 Global terrorism and the state of
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evolutionary war is genuine war, be
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The problem of the status of terror
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Global terrorism and permanent exce
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8 The National Security Strategy (2
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5 Partisan warfare, terrorism and t
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Partisan warfare, terrorism and a n
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fight a ‘war against terrorism’
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6 War, violence and the displacemen
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War, violence and the political 109
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ian) values tends towards its total
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however, their presence, which keep
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Crossing the line? 125 he traces th
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Crossing the line? 127 one hand, th
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Crossing the line? 129 followed the
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Crossing the line? 131 unmediated m
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Crossing the line? 133 of the indiv
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Crossing the line? 135 decision not
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Crossing the line? 137 The War on T
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Crossing the line? 139 emptive wars
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2 Schmitt documents how, in fact, t
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Crossing the line? 143 —— (1996
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8 Carl Schmitt’s warning on the d
Page 162 and 163: The dangers of a unipolar world 149
Page 164 and 165: The dangers of a unipolar world 151
Page 166 and 167: neo-liberal model of globalization
Page 168 and 169: The re-emerging notion of Empire 15
Page 170 and 171: more traditional meaning - de Benoi
Page 172 and 173: From the standpoint of the transiti
Page 176 and 177: Notes 1A millet was a religious com
Page 180 and 181: Against world unity 167 in the seco
Page 182 and 183: Against world unity 169 unlikely) p
Page 184 and 185: Against world unity 171 this triple
Page 186 and 187: Against world unity 173 an impossib
Page 188 and 189: Against world unity 175 the contemp
Page 190 and 191: ‘the day world politics comes to
Page 192 and 193: emerging global constitution.... In
Page 194 and 195: Against world unity 181 with indust
Page 196 and 197: Against world unity 183 Kratochwil,
Page 198 and 199: 11 The evolution of European Union
Page 200 and 201: the jus publicum Europaeum and the
Page 202 and 203: EU law and the nomos of Europe 189
Page 204 and 205: values, which nonetheless were valu
Page 206 and 207: the individual global settings that
Page 208 and 209: integral part of the legal systems
Page 210 and 211: These structural principles are not
Page 214: EU law and the nomos of Europe 201
Page 218 and 219: 12 A terrifying world without an ex
Page 220 and 221: A terrifying world without an exter
Page 224 and 225: exception proves everything: It con
Page 230 and 231: Schmitt, this radically conservativ
Page 232 and 233: Notes A terrifying world without an
Page 236 and 237: It is from this perspective that th
Page 238 and 239: The ethos of insecure life 225 enem
Page 240 and 241: The ethos of insecure life 227 and
Page 242 and 243: part to decisionism. Yet the images
Page 244 and 245: The ethos of insecure life 231 it.
Page 246 and 247: The ethos of insecure life 233 Domi
Page 248 and 249: The ethos of insecure life 235 diff
Page 250 and 251: Conclusion The ethos of insecure li
Page 252 and 253: 10 For a more detailed argument on
Page 254 and 255: The ethos of insecure life 241 Stra
Page 256 and 257: Carl Schmitt viewed The Nomos of th
Page 258 and 259: Nomos: word and myth 245 If Michel
Page 260 and 261: Nomos: word and myth 247 cerned to
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The demonic nomos Nomos: word and m
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Nomos: word and myth 251 ence of 18
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Nomos: word and myth 253 picture. S
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ent kinds of police action. There w
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Notes 1 This and the following four
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Index 9/11 attacks 73, 78, 83-92, 9
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European Community 195, 196; contra
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245-6, 250, 255; globalization of 1
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terrorism 1, 76-9, 80-5, 88-9, 116,
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