A guide to the deep-water sponges of - NMFS Scientific Publications ...
A guide to the deep-water sponges of - NMFS Scientific Publications ...
A guide to the deep-water sponges of - NMFS Scientific Publications ...
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40 Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Paper <strong>NMFS</strong> 12<br />
24. Craniella arb (de Laubenfels, 1930)<br />
Description. Sponge is globular <strong>to</strong> subglobular. Oscula<br />
are occasionally present but not obvious. Spicules<br />
radiate from <strong>the</strong> center <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface and protrude<br />
above it. Consistency is hard, cartilaginous, and only<br />
slightly elastic due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> high spicule density. With a<br />
diameter <strong>of</strong> 8 <strong>to</strong> 10 cm, this is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> largest species<br />
<strong>of</strong> Craniella. The cortex is white; <strong>the</strong> interior <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
sponge is orange-gold.<br />
Skeletal structure. Protriaenes may reach a length <strong>of</strong><br />
more than 3 cm. Protriaenes and anatriaenes have relatively<br />
small clads; protriaenes, rhabd greater than 3 cm<br />
× 3–11 µm, clad 20–30 µm; anatriaenes, rhabd up <strong>to</strong> 10<br />
mm × 3–11 µm, clads, 40–85 µm, oxeas, up <strong>to</strong> 3 cm ×<br />
10–40 µm, commata, 7–10 µm.<br />
Zoogeographic distribution. Uncommon, but locally<br />
patchy. In Alaska – Aleutian Islands. Elsewhere – central<br />
California <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.<br />
Habitat. In Alaska – found at depths between 88 and<br />
272 m in boulder and cobble habitats. Typically epizoic<br />
on calcareous <strong>sponges</strong> (e.g., Leucandra poculiformis) and<br />
various demo<strong>sponges</strong>, including Tedania dirhaphis,<br />
Mycale jasoniae, and M. loveni. Elsewhere – reported at<br />
depths between 11 and 214 m.<br />
Remarks. Reproduction in this group <strong>of</strong> <strong>sponges</strong> is<br />
oviparous without a larval stage, or viviparous with production<br />
<strong>of</strong> young adults within <strong>the</strong> parent (Van Soest<br />
and Rützler, 2002).<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>s. 1) Specimen collected at a depth <strong>of</strong> 100 m<br />
in <strong>the</strong> central Aleutian Islands. Specimen is attached<br />
<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> demosponge Tedania dirhapsis. Grid marks are<br />
1 cm 2 . 2) Same specimen as in pho<strong>to</strong> 1 showing radial<br />
arrangement <strong>of</strong> large spicules in <strong>the</strong> interior and <strong>the</strong><br />
presence <strong>of</strong> orange-colored eggs or young adults.<br />
3) Specimen at a depth <strong>of</strong> 170 m in <strong>the</strong> central Aleutian<br />
Islands.