A guide to the deep-water sponges of - NMFS Scientific Publications ...
A guide to the deep-water sponges of - NMFS Scientific Publications ... A guide to the deep-water sponges of - NMFS Scientific Publications ...
24 Professional Paper NMFS 12 10. Heterochone calyx calyx Schulze, 1886 (continued)
11. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, 1896 Description. This tube or sac sponge attaches basally to hard substrate. Lateral walls bear distinctive smooth depressions, each with a small (1–3 mm diameter) central hole (parietal osculum) connecting to the atrial cavity; edges around depressions often project several millimeters as parietal ledges; the large terminal osculum is normally covered by a coarse sieve plate and bordered by a flaring marginal cuff. Consistency is slightly compressible and rubbery. The partially collected Alaskan specimen lacked an oscular sieve plate, marginal cuff, and parietal ledges. Its atrial cavity was subdivided by longitudinal wall fusions. It is estimated to have been 25 cm long by 13 cm diameter, but elsewhere incomplete specimens 48 cm long have been reported. Color in life is white; drab when dried or preserved in ethanol. Skeletal structure. While the Aleutian specimen may have unusual morphology, its spiculation is typical for the species. Its skeleton consists mainly of loose spicules; spicule fusion is present only in the lower parts collected and is assumed to have been extensive in the basal part left on the attachment site. Megascleres include thick principal diactins with rounded tips (5–16 mm long); thin diactins with pointed tips (1.3–7.5 mm long); sword-shaped dermal hexactins with short, tapered, pointed distal rays (89–369 µm length), tapered and pointed tangential rays (156–318 µm length), and long tapered proximal rays (232–807 µm length); regular hexactins (134–292 µm ray length); atrial pentactins with sharp tapered tangential rays (122–295 µm ray length) and longer proximal rays (137–563 µm ray length); a few atrial triactins and stauractins of similar shape and size; short, thick atrial diactins (347–1047 µm length); small diactins around parietal oscula (42–197 µm length). Microscleres include mainly oxystaurasters (61–107 µm diameter); a few oxyhexasters (70–129 µm diameter); dermal floricomes (78–113 µm diameter) with 10–14 terminal rays ending in heads with 2–3 teeth; remnants of graphiocomes are common, with central (25–43 µm diameter) and terminal rays as dispersed thin raphides (141–237 µm long). Zoogeographic distribution. Widespread but uncommon. In Alaska – central Aleutian Islands. Elsewhere – reported from Indo-West Pacific Region including from near India, Northwest and South Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Indonesia, Japan. 25 Habitat. In Alaska – occurs singly on mudstone, bedrock, and possibly hexactinellid skeletons at depths between 1071 and 1395 m. Elsewhere – reported at depths between 390 and 1264 m. Remarks. The new record of this species in the Aleutian Islands represents a range extension of over 3700 km from the nearest previous known site near Japan. Photos. 1) Fragment of preserved (frozen) specimen collected at a depth of 1386 m in the central Aleutian Islands. Grid marks are 1 cm 2 . 2) Same specimen as in photo 1 in situ. The separation between the red laser marks is 10 cm.
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- Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . .
- Page 7: CONTENTS (continued) 75. Tedania (T
- Page 10 and 11: 2 Professional Paper NMFS 12 larly
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- Page 16 and 17: 8 Professional Paper NMFS 12 Bering
- Page 19 and 20: 11 CLASS CALCAREA
- Page 21 and 22: 2. Leucandra poculiformis Hozawa, 1
- Page 23 and 24: 15 CLASS HEXACTINELLIDA
- Page 25 and 26: 5. Farrea occa occa Bowerbank, 1862
- Page 27 and 28: 7. Family Euretidae; Genus nov., sp
- Page 29 and 30: 9. Aphrocallistes vastus Schulze, 1
- Page 31: 10. Heterochone calyx calyx Schulze
- Page 35 and 36: 13. Acanthascus (Rhabdocalyptus) da
- Page 37 and 38: 15. Acanthascus (Staurocalyptus) so
- Page 39 and 40: 17. Acanthascus (Staurocalyptus) sp
- Page 41 and 42: 19. Aulosaccus schulzei Ijima, 1896
- Page 43: 21. Caulophacus (Caulophacus) sp. n
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11. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, 1896<br />
Description. This tube or sac sponge attaches basally<br />
<strong>to</strong> hard substrate. Lateral walls bear distinctive smooth<br />
depressions, each with a small (1–3 mm diameter) central<br />
hole (parietal osculum) connecting <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> atrial cavity;<br />
edges around depressions <strong>of</strong>ten project several millimeters<br />
as parietal ledges; <strong>the</strong> large terminal osculum<br />
is normally covered by a coarse sieve plate and bordered<br />
by a flaring marginal cuff. Consistency is slightly compressible<br />
and rubbery. The partially collected Alaskan<br />
specimen lacked an oscular sieve plate, marginal cuff,<br />
and parietal ledges. Its atrial cavity was subdivided by<br />
longitudinal wall fusions. It is estimated <strong>to</strong> have been 25<br />
cm long by 13 cm diameter, but elsewhere incomplete<br />
specimens 48 cm long have been reported. Color in life<br />
is white; drab when dried or preserved in ethanol.<br />
Skeletal structure. While <strong>the</strong> Aleutian specimen may<br />
have unusual morphology, its spiculation is typical for<br />
<strong>the</strong> species. Its skele<strong>to</strong>n consists mainly <strong>of</strong> loose spicules;<br />
spicule fusion is present only in <strong>the</strong> lower parts collected<br />
and is assumed <strong>to</strong> have been extensive in <strong>the</strong> basal part<br />
left on <strong>the</strong> attachment site. Megascleres include thick<br />
principal diactins with rounded tips (5–16 mm long);<br />
thin diactins with pointed tips (1.3–7.5 mm long);<br />
sword-shaped dermal hexactins with short, tapered,<br />
pointed distal rays (89–369 µm length), tapered and<br />
pointed tangential rays (156–318 µm length), and long<br />
tapered proximal rays (232–807 µm length); regular<br />
hexactins (134–292 µm ray length); atrial pentactins<br />
with sharp tapered tangential rays (122–295 µm ray<br />
length) and longer proximal rays (137–563 µm ray<br />
length); a few atrial triactins and stauractins <strong>of</strong> similar<br />
shape and size; short, thick atrial diactins (347–1047 µm<br />
length); small diactins around parietal oscula (42–197<br />
µm length). Microscleres include mainly oxystaurasters<br />
(61–107 µm diameter); a few oxyhexasters (70–129 µm<br />
diameter); dermal floricomes (78–113 µm diameter)<br />
with 10–14 terminal rays ending in heads with 2–3 teeth;<br />
remnants <strong>of</strong> graphiocomes are common, with central<br />
(25–43 µm diameter) and terminal rays as dispersed<br />
thin raphides (141–237 µm long).<br />
Zoogeographic distribution. Widespread but uncommon.<br />
In Alaska – central Aleutian Islands. Elsewhere<br />
– reported from Indo-West Pacific Region including<br />
from near India, Northwest and South Australia, New<br />
Zealand, New Caledonia, Indonesia, Japan.<br />
25<br />
Habitat. In Alaska – occurs singly on muds<strong>to</strong>ne, bedrock,<br />
and possibly hexactinellid skele<strong>to</strong>ns at depths between<br />
1071 and 1395 m. Elsewhere – reported at depths<br />
between 390 and 1264 m.<br />
Remarks. The new record <strong>of</strong> this species in <strong>the</strong> Aleutian<br />
Islands represents a range extension <strong>of</strong> over 3700<br />
km from <strong>the</strong> nearest previous known site near Japan.<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>s. 1) Fragment <strong>of</strong> preserved (frozen) specimen<br />
collected at a depth <strong>of</strong> 1386 m in <strong>the</strong> central Aleutian<br />
Islands. Grid marks are 1 cm 2 . 2) Same specimen as in<br />
pho<strong>to</strong> 1 in situ. The separation between <strong>the</strong> red laser<br />
marks is 10 cm.