W. Richard Bowen and Nidal Hilal 4

C H A P T E R
3
Quantification of
Particle–Bubble
Interactions Using Atomic
Force Microscopy
Nidal Hilal and Daniel Johnson
O U T L I N E
3.1 Introduction 82
3.2 Particle–Bubble Interactions 82
3.3 Determination of Particle–Bubble Separation 86
3.4 Determination of Contact Angle from Force–Distance Curves 88
3.5 Effect of Surface Preparation on Particle–Bubble Interactions 91
3.5.1 Effect of Particle Surface Chemistry on Particle–Bubble Interactions 91
3.5.2 Effect of Surfactant on Particle–Bubble Interactions 94
3.6 Effect of Loading Force on Particle–Bubble Interactions 97
3.7 Effect of Hydrodynamics on Particle–Bubble Interactions 98
3.8 Conclusions 100
List of Abbreviations 101
List of Symbols 101
References 102
Atomic Force Microscopy in Process Engineering 81
© 2009, Elsevier Ltd