W. Richard Bowen and Nidal Hilal 4

More documents

Recommendations

Info

242 8. ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPy ANd POLyMERS ON SURFACES LISt oF ABBrEvIAtIonS AFM atomic force microscope FJC freely jointed chain PB polybutadiene PEO poly(ethylene oxide) PI polyisoprene PI-PEO poly(isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) PMAA poly(methacrylic acid) PMAA-SH thiol-terminated poly(methacrylic acid) PS polystyrene PS-SH thiol-terminated polystyrene –SH thiol LISt oF SymBoLS Unit b Kuhn statistical segment M D separation distance between the probe surface and the solid substrate surface M F force N k Boltzmann’s constant (1.38 � 10�23 ) J K�1 Lc contour length of a polymer chain (full length of a stretched polymer chain) M L0 polymer brush thickness M Mn number-average molecular weight g mol –1 Mw weight-average molecular weight g mol –1 R end-to-end polymer chain distance M T absolute temperature K X x-coordinate or abscissa Y y-coordinate or ordinate references [1] J.I.I. Laco, F.C. Villota, F.L. Mestres, Corrosion protection of carbon steel with thermoplastic coatings and alkyd resins containing polyaniline as conductive polymer, Prog. Org. Coat. 52 (2005) 151–160.
REFERENCES 243 [2] J.J. Licari, L.A. Hughes, Handbook of Polymer Coatings for Electronics: Chemistry, Technology and Applications Materials Science and Process Technology Series, second ed., Noyes Publications, New York, 1990. [3] J. Lahann, Vapor-based polymer coatings for potential biomedical applications, Polym. Int. 55 (2006) 1361–1370. [4] M.H. Jung, H. Lee, Patterning of conducting polymers using charged self-assembled monolayers, Langmuir 24 (2008) 9825–9831. [5] M. Sjöberg, L. Bergström, A. Larsson, E. Sjöström, The effect of polymer and surfactant adsorption on the colloidal stability and rheology of kaolin dispersions, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 159 (1999) 197–208. [6] Q.Q. Li, M. Zaiser, V. Koutsos, Carbon nanotube/epoxy resin composites using a block copolymer as a dispersing agent, Physica Status Solidi A Appl. Res. 201 (2004) R89–R91. [7] M.J. Yang, V. Koutsos, M. Zaiser, Interactions between polymers and carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics study, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 10009–10014. [8] Z. Zhang, H. Vaisocherová, G. Cheng, W. Yang, H. Xue, S.Y. Jiang, Nonfouling behavior of polycarboxybetaine-grafted surfaces: structural and environmental effects, Biomacromolecules 9 (2008) 2686–2692. [9] D. Pavithra, M. Doble, Biofilm formation, bacterial adhesion and host response on polymeric implants – issues and prevention, Biomed. Mater. 3 (2008) 034003. [10] A. Kikuchi, T. Okano, Intelligent thermoresponsive polymeric stationary phases for aqueous chromatography of biological compounds, Prog. Polym. Sci. 27 (2002) 1165–1193. [11] T. Rohr, D.F. Ogletree, F. Svec, J.M.J. Fréchet, Surface functionalization of thermoplastic polymers for the fabrication of microfluidic devices by photoinitiated grafting, Adv. Funct. Mater. 13 (2003) 264–270. [12] L. Léger, E. Raphaël, H. Hervet, Surface-anchored polymer chains: their role in adhesion and friction, in: K. Binder and S. Granick (eds) Polymers in Confined Environments, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999, pp. 185–225. [13] S.H. Anastasiadis, H. Retsos, S. Pispas, N. Hadjichristidis, S. Neophytides, Smart polymer surfaces, Macromolecules 36 (2003) 1994–1999. [14] C. Xu, X. Fu, M. Fryd, S. Xu, B.B. Wayland, K.I. Winey, R.J. Composto, Reversible stimuli- responsive nanostructures assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers, Nano Lett. 6 (2006) 282–287. [15] P.M. Mendes, Stimuli-responsive surfaces for bio-applications, Chem. Soc. Rev. 37 (2008) 2512–2529. [16] G. Binnig, C.F. Quate, C. Gerber, Atomic Force Microscope, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 (1986) 930–933. [17] B. Zhao, W.J. Brittain, Polymer brushes: surface-immobilized macromolecules, Prog. Polym. Sci. 25 (2000) 677–710. [18] V. Koutsos, E.W. van der Vegte, P.C.M. Grim, G. Hadziioannou, Isolated polymer chains via mixed self-assembled monolayers: morphology and friction studied by scanning force microscopy, Macromolecules 31 (1998) 116–123. [19] V. Koutsos, E.W. van der Vegte, G. Hadziioannou, Direct view of structural regimes of end-grafted polymer monolayers: a scanning force microscopy study, Macromolecules 32 (1999) 1233–1236. [20] V. Koutsos, E.W. van der Vegte, E. Pelletier, A. Stamouli, G. Hadziioannou, Structure of chemically end-grafted polymer chains studied by scanning force microscopy in bad-solvent conditions, Macromolecules 30 (1997) 4719–4726. [21] D.R.M. Williams, Grafted polymers in bad solvents – octopus surface micelles, Journal de Physique II 3 (1993) 1313–1318. [22] E.B. Zhulina, T.M. Birshtein, V.A. Priamitsyn, L.I. Klushin, Inhomogeneous structure of collapsed polymer brushes under deformation, Macromolecules 28 (1995) 8612–8620.
Page 2 and 3:
Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint
Page 4 and 5:
x Preface in their work. Hence, it
Page 6 and 7:
xii Preface them from hostile condi
Page 8 and 9:
xiv About thE Editors Professor Nid
Page 10 and 11:
xvi List of Contributors Dr Daniel
Page 12 and 13:
2 1. BAsIC PRINCIPLEs OF ATOMIC FOR
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
20 1. BAsIC PRINCIPLEs OF ATOMIC FO
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
32 2. MEASUREMENT OF PARTICLE ANd S
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
82 3. QUANTIFICATION OF PARTICLE-BU
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
100 3. QUANTIFICATION OF PARTICLE-B
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
C H A P T E R 4 Investigating Membr
Page 118 and 119:
4.2 THE RANgE OF POssIbILITIEs FOR
Page 120 and 121:
4.2 THE RANgE OF POssIbILITIEs FOR
Page 122 and 123:
4.3 CORREsPONdENCE bETwEEN sURFACE
Page 124 and 125:
4.3 CORREsPONdENCE bETwEEN sURFACE
Page 126 and 127:
4.4 IMAgINg IN LIqUId ANd THE dETER
Page 128 and 129:
4.4 IMAgINg IN LIqUId ANd THE dETER
Page 130 and 131:
4.5 EFFECTs OF sURFACE ROUgHNEss ON
Page 132 and 133:
4.6 ‘vIsUALIsATION’ OF THE REjE
Page 134 and 135:
4.7 THE UsE OF AFM IN MEMbRANE dEvE
Page 136 and 137:
Dfractional 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1
Page 138 and 139:
4.8 CHARACTERIsATION OF METAL sURFA
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
At pH 5.5, dissolution began to occ
Page 146 and 147:
REFERENCEs 137 [4] W.R. Bowen, N. H
Page 148 and 149:
C H A P T E R 5 AFM and Development
Page 150 and 151:
5.2 MEAsUREMENT OF ADHEsION OF COLL
Page 152 and 153:
5.2 MEAsUREMENT OF ADHEsION OF COLL
Page 154 and 155:
The antibacterial activity of initi
Page 156 and 157:
5.3 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs 147 t
Page 158 and 159:
5.3 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs 149 B
Page 160 and 161:
Force (nN m -1 ) Loading force (mN
Page 162 and 163:
5.3 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs 153 p
Page 164 and 165:
Adhesion force (mN m -1 ) 10 8 6 4
Page 166 and 167:
Adhesion force (mN m -1 ) 20 15 10
Page 168 and 169:
Adhesion force (mN m -1 ) 10 8 6 4
Page 170 and 171:
5.3 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs 161 F
Page 172 and 173:
5.4 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs wITH
Page 174 and 175:
5.4 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs wITH
Page 176 and 177:
Å 200 100 0 5.4 MODIFICATION OF ME
Page 178 and 179:
AbbrEvIAtIonS And SyMbolS NOM Natur
Page 180 and 181:
REFERENCEs 171 [29] W.R. Bowen, T.A
Page 182 and 183:
174 6. NANOSCALE ANALySIS Of PHARMA
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201: 192 6. NANOSCALE ANALySIS Of PHARMA
Page 202 and 203: 194 6. NANOSCALE ANALySIS Of PHARMA
Page 204 and 205: 196 7. MICRO/NANOENgINEERINg ANd AF
Page 234 and 235: 226 8. ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPy ANd
Page 254 and 255: 246 9. APPLICATION OF ATOMIC FORCE
Page 284 and 285: 276 10. FuTuRE PRosPECTs most AFM s
Page 286 and 287: 278 10. FuTuRE PRosPECTs targeted d
Page 288 and 289: A Actin stress fiber, 197 Adhesion,
Page 290: Natural organic matter, 140 Negativ
show all

W. Richard Bowen and Nidal Hilal 4

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?