W. Richard Bowen and Nidal Hilal 4

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224 7. MICRO/NANOENgINEERINg ANd AFM FOR CELLULAR SENSINg [88] S.E. Cross, Y.S. Jin, J. Rao, J.K. Gimzewski, Nanomechanical analysis of cells from cancer patients, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 (12) (2007) 780–783. [89] S. Suresh, Biomechanics and biophysics of cancer cells, Acta Biomater. 3 (4) (2007) 413–438. [90] L. Soon, F. Braet, J. Condeelis, Moving in the right direction – nanoimaging in cancer cell motility and metastasis, Microsc. Res. Tech. 70 (3) (2007) 252–257. [91] A.A. Wagh, E. Roan, K.E. Chapman, L.P. Desai, D.A. Rendon, E.C. Eckstein, C.M. Waters, Localized elasticity measured in epithelial cells migrating at a wound edge using atomic force microscopy, Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 295 (1) (2008) L54–L60. [92] H. Oberleithner, C. Riethmuller, T. Ludwig, M. Hausberg, H. Schillers, Aldosterone remodels human endothelium, in: E.K. Hoffman (ed) International Symposium Cell Volume Control in Health and Disease, Blackwell Publishing, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2005.
C H A P T E R 8 Atomic Force Microscopy and Polymers on Surfaces Vasileios Koutsos O U T L I N E 8.1 Introduction 225 8.2 Basic Concepts 227 8.3 End-grafted Polymer Chains 229 8.4 Diblock Copolymers Adsorbed on Surfaces 236 8.5 Star-shaped Polymers Adsorbed on Surfaces 237 8.6 Conclusions 240 Acknowledgements 241 List of Abbreviations 242 List of Symbols 242 References 242 8.1 IntroDuCtIon The surfaces of materials are routinely modified with coatings to protect them in hostile conditions and to functionalise them for a variety of purposes. Polymer coatings play an important role in such modifications. Polymer synthetic chemists are nowadays able to produce a huge number of different macromolecules of controlled structure and composition (and consequently function) in large quantities and at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, polymers are usually processed readily and inexpensively. Atomic Force Microscopy in Process Engineering 225 © 2009, Elsevier Ltd
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Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint
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x Preface in their work. Hence, it
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xii Preface them from hostile condi
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xiv About thE Editors Professor Nid
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xvi List of Contributors Dr Daniel
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2 1. BAsIC PRINCIPLEs OF ATOMIC FOR
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20 1. BAsIC PRINCIPLEs OF ATOMIC FO
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32 2. MEASUREMENT OF PARTICLE ANd S
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82 3. QUANTIFICATION OF PARTICLE-BU
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100 3. QUANTIFICATION OF PARTICLE-B
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C H A P T E R 4 Investigating Membr
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4.2 THE RANgE OF POssIbILITIEs FOR
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4.2 THE RANgE OF POssIbILITIEs FOR
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4.3 CORREsPONdENCE bETwEEN sURFACE
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4.3 CORREsPONdENCE bETwEEN sURFACE
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4.4 IMAgINg IN LIqUId ANd THE dETER
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4.4 IMAgINg IN LIqUId ANd THE dETER
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4.5 EFFECTs OF sURFACE ROUgHNEss ON
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4.6 ‘vIsUALIsATION’ OF THE REjE
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4.7 THE UsE OF AFM IN MEMbRANE dEvE
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Dfractional 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1
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4.8 CHARACTERIsATION OF METAL sURFA
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At pH 5.5, dissolution began to occ
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REFERENCEs 137 [4] W.R. Bowen, N. H
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C H A P T E R 5 AFM and Development
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5.2 MEAsUREMENT OF ADHEsION OF COLL
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5.2 MEAsUREMENT OF ADHEsION OF COLL
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The antibacterial activity of initi
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5.3 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs 147 t
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5.3 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs 149 B
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Force (nN m -1 ) Loading force (mN
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5.3 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs 153 p
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Adhesion force (mN m -1 ) 10 8 6 4
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Adhesion force (mN m -1 ) 20 15 10
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Adhesion force (mN m -1 ) 10 8 6 4
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5.3 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs 161 F
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5.4 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs wITH
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5.4 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs wITH
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Å 200 100 0 5.4 MODIFICATION OF ME
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AbbrEvIAtIonS And SyMbolS NOM Natur
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REFERENCEs 171 [29] W.R. Bowen, T.A
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274 9. APPLICATION OF ATOMIC FORCE
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276 10. FuTuRE PRosPECTs most AFM s
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278 10. FuTuRE PRosPECTs targeted d
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A Actin stress fiber, 197 Adhesion,
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Natural organic matter, 140 Negativ
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W. Richard Bowen and Nidal Hilal 4

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