W. Richard Bowen and Nidal Hilal 4

162 5. AFM AND DEvELOPMENT OF (BIO)FOULINg-REsIsTANT MEMBRANEs
Adhesion force (mN m –1 )
60
50
40
30
20
10
Initial PES
Modified PES DM = 202 μg cm –2
Modified PES DM = 367 μg cm –2
Modified PES DM = 510 μg cm –2
0
0.1 1 10
Ionic strength (mM)
100
fIgurE 5.19 Comparison of adhesion forces of BSA-modified probe to initial and
modified with qDMAEMA membranes in solutions of increasing NaCl concentration.
Adhesion force (mN m –1 )
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.1 1 10 100
Ionic strength (mM)
Initial PVDF
Modified PVDF DM = 224 μg cm –2
Modified PVDF DM = 348 μg cm –2
Modified PVDF DM = 530 μg cm –2
fIgurE 5.20 Comparison of adhesion forces of BSA-modified probe to initial and
modified with qDMAEMA membranes in various ionic strength solutions.