W. Richard Bowen and Nidal Hilal 4

Adhesion force (mN m –1 )
20
15
10
5
5.3 MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEs 157
0
0.1 1 10 100
Ionic strength (mM)
PES
PVDF
fIgurE 5.12 Comparison of adhesion forces of BSA-modified probe to initial PES and
PVDF membranes in various ionic strength solutions.
Adhesion force (mN m –1 )
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Loading force (mN m –1 )
pH=3
pH=5
pH=7
fIgurE 5.13 Relationship of adhesion and loading forces between BSA probe and PES
membrane modified with qDMAEMA (DM � 510 �g cm �2 ) at different pH solution. The
dotted line is an extrapolated line.