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� b'j} ;d"xdf ;femf ePsf ;b:onfO{ aLrsf] vlK6Psf] efudf n]Vg nufpg],
� vlK6Psf] efudf k/]sf ;b:ox¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ g} A � B elgG5 eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg
nufpg] .
To;}u/L, ;d"xx¿sf] ;+of]hg lzIf0fsf] qmddf lgDgfg';f/ u/fpg ;lsG5 M
� ;d"x A / B sf ;b:ox¿ s'gs'g 5g\ eGg nufpg],
� ;d"x A / B sf ;b:ox¿ s'gs'g bf]xf]l/Psf 5g\, klxrfg ug{ nufpg] .
� oL b'j} ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿ Ps} 7fp―df /fv]/ Pp6} ;d"x agfpg nufO{ ;d"xsf] gfd eGg
nufpg],
� Tof] ;d"x g} ;d"x A / B sf] ;+of]hg xf] eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug] .
k|Zg g+= & sf] pQ/
ljBfyL{nfO{ C0ffTds / C0ffTds u'0fg ubf{ wgfTds x'G5 eGg] :ki6 kfg{ Pp6f ul0ftLo 9f―rf
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu ljBfyL{n] (+a)�(+b) = (+ab) x'G5 eGg] s'/f hfgL;s]sf 5g\
eGg] dfgf} ― . ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf tn lbOPcg';f/sf] tflnsf k"/f ug{ nufpg'kb{5 M
(-a) × (-b) = +ab x'G5 eGg] b]vfpg ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d"xdf tn lbOPcg';f/sf] tflnsf k"/f ug{
nufpg'kb{5 M
(-3) × (+3) = -9
(-3) × (+2) = -6
(-3) × (+1) = -3
(-3) × (0) = 0
(-3) × (-1) = +3
(-3) × (-2) = +6
(-3) × (-3) = ........
............................
(-a) × (-b) = ?
ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|Zgx¿ / 5nkmn u/fpg] M
� klxnf] nx/ (column) sf] ;ª\Vof pxL 5 . bf];|f] nx/sf ;ª\Vof s] eO/x]sf] 5 <
� s] ltdLx¿ of] 9f―rfnfO{ k"/f ug{ ;S5f} <
� of] 9f―rf k"/f ug{ s'g} lglZrt lgod kQf nufpg ;S5f} <
o; 5nkmnaf6 (-a) × (-b) = +ab x'G5 eGg] lgod ;fdfGoLs/0f u/fpg' kb{5 .
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