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7f];
cw{7f];
;ª\s]t
oL r/0fx¿dWo] 7f]; r/0f / cw{7f]; r/0fsf nflu z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿ ge} x'b}g . z}lIfs
;fdu|Lx¿sf] lgdf{0f / k|of]uaf6 dfq ul0ft lzIf0fdf -sIffsf]7f lqmofsnfkdf _ ljBfyL{x¿sf]
;lqmo ;xeflutf j[lWbug{, ul0ftk|lt ;sf/fTds clej[lQsf] ljsf; ug{, ul0ft l;sfOnfO{ ;xh,
cy{k"0f{ / lr/:yfoL agfpg / ;du|df ul0ft lzIf0fnfO k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsG5 . tn s]xL
lzIf0f ljlwx¿sf] rrf{ ul/G5 M
cfudg / lgudg ljlw (Inductive and Deductive Approaches)
cfudg ljlw
ljlzi6af6 ;fwf/0flt/, 7f];af6 efjfTdslt/ pbfx/0faf6 ;"qlt/ hfg] ts{sf] k|jfxnfO{ cfudg
ljlw elgG5 . o; ljlwdf 7f]; (concrete) pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df ts{k"0f{ lgisif{ (reasonable
conclusion) lgsflnG5 . cjnf]sg / k|of]uaf6 lgisif{df k'Ug] x'gfn] o; ljlwaf6 cWofkg ubf{
lzIf0fl;sfO k|efjsf/L aGg], ljleGg ul0ftLo wf/0ff÷ljifoj:t'aLr ;DaGw :tflkt x'g] tyf
;d:ofsf] cy{k"0f{ tl/sfn] ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg] x'gfn] o; ljlwnfO{ ul0ft lzIf0fdf lgs}
dxŒjk"0f{ dflgG5 .
lgudg ljlw
;fwf/0faf6 ljlzi6lt/, efjfTdsaf6 7f];lt/, ;"qaf6 pbfx/0flt/ cfpg] ts{sf] k|jfxnfO{
lgudg ljlw elgG5 . ;a} ul0ftsf] clGtd ¿k g} lgudg ¿k xf] . o; ljlwdf lzIfsn]
sIffdf kf7 ;'? ug] { kf7l;t ;DalGwt ;"q / ;f]sf] k|of]u s;/L ug] { eGg]af/]df hfgsf/L lbP/
;f]xLcg';f/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ÷lx;fa ug{ nufpg] ljlw g} lgudg ljlw xf] .
cfudgfTds ts{ k|0ffnLsf] ;'? pbfx/0fx¿af6 x'G5 / w]/} eGbf w]/} pbfx/0fx¿df kfOg] ;dfg
u'0fx¿sf] cfwf/df Pp6f lgisif{ lgsflnG5 . of] lgisif{ g} lgudgfTds ts{ k|0ffnLsf nflu
ul0ftLo l;4fGt aG5 / kl5 o;nfO{ { k|dfl0ft ul/;s]kl5 ul0ftLo l;4fGt jf k"0f{ ul0ftsf] ¿k
lnG5 . cfh ljsl;t ul0ft ;'?df cfudg k4ltaf6 l;h{gf u/L lgudgåf/f k|dfl0ft ePkl5
k"0f{ ul0ft ag]sf] xf] .
cfudg ljlw / lgudg ljlw ul0ft lzIf0fdf plQs} dxŒjk"0f{ 5g\ eGg] s'/f lgDglnlvt
egfOaf6 k|:6 x'G5 M æcfudg ljgf ul0ft cGwf] x'G5, lgudg ljgf ul0ft nª\u8f] x'G5 .Æ
cyf{t\, cfudg ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/Pg eg] ul0ftLo wf/0ff÷lgisif{ s;/L cfof] eGg]
b]lv―b}g‘a'le―mb}g eg] lgudg ljlw k|of]u gul/Pdf ul0ftLo lqmofsf] cEof;åf/f ul0ftLo
wf/0ffsf] ;jnLs/0f ug{df l9nf / s7Lg x'g hfG5, lzIf0fl;sfO sfo{ cl3 a9\g ;Sb}g .
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