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A technique, on the other hand, is "a particular trick-used by the teacher in the classroom
to achieve immediate objectives. Technique is an implementation activity, it, therefore,
it takes place in the classroom. Technique must be consistent with a method and
therefore in harmony with an approach as well. Some of the common techniques are
role-play, drills, games, group or pair work, discussion, etc.
Grammar Translation Method (GT Method)
GT Method is the oldest method of teaching a foreign language or a second language,
which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning
activities. This method was widely used to teach English in Nepal before the
implementation of National Education System Plan (1971). Though officially not
suggested, this method is still popular in Nepal. It is called classical method.
Principles/ characteristics/ features of G.T. method;
1. Foreign language is learnt by the rules of grammar and translation.
2. Reading and writing are the major focus; little or no systematic attention is paid to
speaking and listening.
3. Vocabulary selection is based solely on the reading texts used, and words are taught
through bilingual words lists, dictionary study, and memorization.
4. The sentence is the basic unit of teaching and practicing language.
5. Accuracy is emphasized.
6. Grammar is taught deductively. (first rules then examples)
The Oral Structural Situational (OSS) approach
This is the modern approach, combining three approaches- oral, structural, and
situational. The oral presentation and the practice of structure in a meaningful situation is
the key to OSS approach.
Characteristics of OSS approach
1. It is primarily aural (concerning the ear) and oral (concerning the mouth) so this
method emphasizes on listening and speaking.
2. It makes the structure (sentence) a teaching unit.
3. Dialogues are learnt through mimicry and memorization.
4. There is very little or no translation, no formal grammatical rules, explanation, so
translation and grammatical explanation are strongly discouraged.
5. Language learning is a process of habit formation.
6. Language skills are taught in the order of listening, speaking, reading and writing.
7. Vocabulary is strictly limited and taught in the context.
8. There is much use of tapes, language laboratories and visual aids.
9. Great importance is attached to pronunciation.
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