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u_ j}slNks tyf v'nf ljBfno lzIff sfo{qmd
o; cGtu{t k|fylds lzIff lj:tf/ sfo{qmd, cgf}krfl/s k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmd /
lgDgdfWolds v'nf ljBfno sfo{qmd kb{5g\ .
c_ k|fylds lzIff lj:tf/ sfo{qmdM ljleGg ef}uf]lns cjl:yltsf sf/0f 3/a:tLaf6
ljBfno 6f9f eO{ ljBfnosf] kx'―r
gk'Ug] ^–* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 3/j:tLdf
g} sIff !–# ;Ddsf] lzIffsf] kx'―r
k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] k|fylds lzIff lj:tf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
x'―b}
cfPsf] 5 . glhssf] s'g} Ps ljBfnonfO{ dft[ ljBfno dfgL To;} ljBfnosf] Joj:yfkgdf
sIff ! b]lv # ;Ddsf] k7gkf7gsf] Joj:yf ldnfOG5 / # sIff kZrft\ ;DalGwt dft[
ljBfnodf g} pgLx¿ egf{ x'G5g\ .
cf_ cgf}krfl/s k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmd M ljleGg sf/0fn] pko'Qm pd]/df ljBfnodf egf{
eO{ k|fylds lzIffaf6 jl~rt jf k|fylds ljBfno lzIff k"/f gu/L lar}df k9fO 5f]8]sf *–!$
jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfnfO{ k|fylds sIff !–% ;Ddsf] lzIff lbg] p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd
;~rfng x'―b}
cfPsf] 5 . sIff !–% sf] kf―rjif{sf] cf}krfl/s k|fylds lzIff kf7\oqmdnfO{ tLg
jif{df k"/f x'g] u/L ;3g kf7\oqmd / To;sf cfwf/df lgld{t kf7\ok':tssf cfwf/df lbgsf] @
306f, xKtfdf ^ lbgsf b/n] # jif{;Dd jftfj/0fnfO{ cg's"n kg] { :yfg / ;dodf sIff
;~rfng ul/G5 / # jif{ k"/f ePkl5 pgLx¿ sIff % sf] cGTodf lnOg] jflif{s k/LIffdf
;xefuL x'g kfp―5g\ .
O_ lgDgdfWolds txsf] v'nf ljBfno sfo{qmd M sIff % ;Ddsf] lzIff xfl;n u/]sf t/
ljleGg sf/0fn] lgDgdfWolds txsf] k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg g;s]sf !$ jif{eGbf dfly pd]/
;d"xsf lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ sIff ^–* ;Ddsf] lzIff lbg] p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'―b}
cfPsf] 5 . sIff ^–* sf] tLgjif{sf] kf7\oqmdnfO{ b'O{ jif{df k"/f ug] { u/L tof/ kfl/Psf]
kf7\oqmd / To;sf cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf kf7\ok':tssf cfwf/df k|ltlbg @ 306f xKtfdf ^
lbg u/L @ jif{;Dd lgDgdfWolds txsf sIff ;~rflnt ljBfnodf g} k7gkf7g x'G5 / sIff
* sf] cGTodf ;~rflnt lhNnf:t/Lo k/LIffdf cGo ljBfyL{ ;/x ;xefuL x'g'kg] { x'G5 .
3_ cfocfh{g sfo{qmd
cfwf/e"t ;fIf/tf / ;fIf/f]Q/ lzIff k"/f u/]sf cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kn] lk5l8Psf
gj;fIf/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfocfh{gdf ;+nUg u/fO{ hLjg:t/ p7fpg] p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/b}― cfPsf] 5 . of] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g ( hgf dlxnfx¿ ldnL ;d"x u7g u/L
;d"xdf ug{ rfx]sf] :yfgLo k];f Joj;fodf 5gf]6 ug'{kg]
{ x'G5 . ;d"xn] ug{ rfx]sf] k];f
Joj;fo 5gf]6 u/L k|:tfj u/]kl5 To:tf ;d"xsf gfpdf k];f Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu aLp
k" ―hL :j¿k Psk6s b;xhf/ ¿k}of― pknAw u/fOG5 h;df ;d"xsf tk{maf6 klg /sd hDdf
x'G5 . o;/L hDdf ePsf] /sdaf6 ;d"xn] cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] k];f Joj;fo ;~rfng ug] { / To;af6
cflh{t /sdaf6 lgoldt art ug] { ub{5g\ . art x'g] /sd ;d"xsf ;b:onfO{ C0f lbg]
ub{5g\ . /f]h]sf] k];f Joj;fo ;~rfng;DaGwL ;Lk ljsf; tflnd klg k|bfg ul/G5 . o:tf]
sfo{qmdaf6 cfk"mn] hfg]sf] k];f Joj;fo ckgfpg, lgoldt cfocfh{g ug{, lgoldt art ug{