view - National Center for Education Development
view - National Center for Education Development view - National Center for Education Development
236 cgf}krfl/s lzIff / ;fIf/tf cl3Nnf v08x¿df cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf cjwf/0ff cfjZostf / :j¿ksf ;Gbe{df ;fIf/tfsf ;DaGwdf ;d]t 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 . cgf}krfl/s lzIff sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx¿ k|foM lg/If/ x'g] o:tf] sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] p2]Zo ;xefuLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] dft[efiffdf jf /fi6«efiffdf cIf/ lrgfO k9\g n]Vg / ul0ftsf Go"gtd cfwf/e"t ;Lk ;d]t l;sfP/ ;fIf/ u/fpg] ePsfn] cgf}krfl/s lzIff / :ffIf/tfnfO{ kof{ojfrL cjwf/0ffsf ¿kdf 7fGg] u/]sf] klg b]lvG5 . o;} u/L cgf}krfl/s lzIffnfO{ k|f}9 lzIff klg eGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L ;xefuL / sfo{qmdsf] lglZrt p2]Zosf cfwf/df oL b'O{aLr ;dfgtf b]lvg vf]h] klg b'j} Pp6} xf]Ogg\ . dfly elgPe} ―m cgf}krfl/s lzIff ;fIf/tf, sfo{d"ns k|f}9 lzIff, ljBfno lzIffsf] j}slNks / ;dfgfGt/ lzIff, k];fut tyf Jofj;flos tflnd, cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] kl/k"/s lzIff ;a}sf] 5ftf cjwf/0ff xf] eg] ;fIf/tf cgf}krfl/s lzIff cGtu{t ;~rfng x'g] Pp6f sfo{qmd jf cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] Pp6f :j¿k dfq xf] . ;fIf/tf ;fIf/tfnfO{ k|foM dft[efiff jf /fi6«efiffdf n]lvPsf cª\s cIf/ lrGg], k9\g], n]Vg] / b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg] { ;fdfGo ul0ftLo ;Lk l;Sg] dfWodsf ¿kdf kl/eflift ug{ ul/G5 h'g ;fIf/tfsf] k/Dk/fut / ;ª\s'lrt ;f]r dfq xf] . ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf ;xefuL k|foM lg/If/ x'g] x'―bf pgLx¿df k9fO n]vfO / ul0ftsf cfwf/e"t ;fdfGo ;Lk ljsf; ug] { Wo]o x'―bf ;fIf/tfnfO{ k9fO n]vfO / ul0ftsf cfwf/e"t ;Lksf ¿kdf dfq a'e\mg' :jfefljs klg b]lvG5 . t/ ;fIf/tf eGgfn] Jofks If]q ;d]6\g] Pp6f ax'cfoflds cjwf/0ffsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . ;fIf/tfnfO{ ;fdfGotof k9fO n]vfO, sfo{, ;fdflhs Jojxf/ / ljZn]if0ffTds lrGtg u/L rf/ cfofdaf6 lrgfpg] ul/Psf]n] ltgsf] 5f]6f] lrgf/L oxf― /flvPsf] 5 . s_ ;fIf/tf k9fO n]vfOsf] ;Lksf] ¿kdf (Literacy as technical skill) ;fIf/tf ljljw kf6f jf cfofdx¿dWo] dft[efiff jf /fi6«efiffdf n]lvPsf cIf/, cª\s lrGg], k9\g], n]Vg], a'e\mg] / cfk\mgf] Jojxf/df cfOkg] { lx;fa;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf Pp6f cEof; xf] . To;}n] ;fIf/tfnfO{ k9fO n]vfO / ul0ft (Reading, writing and arithmetic) ;DaGwL ;Lksf ¿kdf a'e\mg] ul/G5 . o; lsl;dsf] ;fIf/tfn] JolQmsf] ;ª\1fTds ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]u ub{5 . dft[efiff jf /fi6«efiffdf n]lvPsf zAb jfSo / ;fdfGo kf7\of+z (text) k9\g ;Sg] JolQmn] o:tf txaf6 ;"rgf, tYo, u|x0f ug{ / n]Voefiffsf dfWodaf6 cleJolQm ;Lkklg ;fdYo{ klg a9fp―5 . dflg;sf b}lgs hLjgdf o:tf ;Lkx¿sf] pkof]u lg/Gt/ eO/xg'kg] { x'gfn] k9fO n]vfO;DaGwL ;LknfO{ ;fIf/tfsf] Pp6f ;Lksf] ¿kdf a'e\mg'kg] { x'G5 . -v_ ;fIf/tf sfo{sf ¿kdf (Literacy as tasks) ;fIf/tfsf] of] b[li6n] ;fdfGo k9fO n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;Lk xfl;n ug'{nfO{ dfq ;fIf/tf elgb}g a¿ tL ;Lksf] pkof]u b}lgs Jofjxfl/s hLjgsf ljljw kIfdf sxf― / s;/L x'G5 / To;sf] pkof]u u/]/ JolQmsf] sfo{Ifdtf j[l4 / ;'wf/ ug{ sfof{Tds kIfnfO{ hf]8 lbg] ub{5 . of] b[li6sf]0fcg';f/ k9fO, n]vfO / ul0ftsf ;Lksf] pkof]u u/]/ JolQmsf] sfof{Tds Ifdtf ;'wf/
237 ug'{, k];f Joj;fosf 1fg ;Lk l;Sg', b}lgs sfo{x¿ l56f] 5l/tf] / pGgt tl/sfn] ug{ ;Sg] x'g'nfO{ ;fIf/tf leq ;d]6\g ;lsg] x'―bf o;nfO{ sfo{d"ns ;fIf/tf eGg] ul/Psf] xf] . o; lsl;dsf] ;fIf/tfdf lglZrt k];f Joj;fodf ;+nUg x'g] JolQmnfO{ cfjZos kg] { ;Lk ljsf;sf nflu ljifoj:t' / To;sf nflu ;DalGwt k9fO, n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;Lkx¿ PsLs[t u/L k7gkf7g ul/g5 . t/ k9fO, n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;LkeGbf k];f;―u ;DalGwt Jofj;flos ;Lkdf ;fIf/ u/fpg] p2]Zo /flvG5 . o:tf] ;fIf/tfsf] p2]Zo JolQmnfO{ k|ToIf cfocfh{g x'g] /f]huf/ tyf Joj;fo ;+nUg x'g cfjZos kg] { ;Lk / 1fg l;sfpg' x'g] ub{5 . u_ ;fIf/tf ljZn]if0ffTds lrGtgsf ¿kdf ;fIf/tf;DaGwL of] b[li6sf]0fn] k9fO, n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;Lk l;Sg] jf Jofj;flos ;Lksf cltl/Qm JolQmdf ljZn]if0ffTds ;fdYo{sf] ljsf; u/L ;dfh kl/jt{gsf k|lqmoftk{m pGd'v u/fpg'nfO{ ;fIf/tf dflgG5 . lzIfsn] k9fpg], l;sfpg], l;sf¿n] k9\g] lnlvt tYo, zAb / jfSo k9\g], 3f]Sg], n]Vg] h:tf k/Dk/fut z}lIfs k|lqmof ljkl/t o:tf] ;fIf/tfn] bf]xf]/f] ;+jfb, 5nkmn, ax;sf dfWodaf6 ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, /fhgLlts, cfly{s ;d:of, pTkL8g, zf]if0f a'e\mg / tbg'¿k ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ klxNofpg] ;fdYo{sf] ljsf;nfO{ hf]8 lbG5 . 3_ ;fIf/tf ;fdflhs Jojxf/sf ¿kdf ;fIf/tfsf] of] cfofdn] JolQm ;fIf/ x'g' eg]sf] cfk"m a;]sf] ;dfhsf /Lltl/jfh, rfnrng, k/Dk/f, d"NodfGotf a'e\mg] / tbg'¿k kf7\o;fdu|LnfO{ Jojxf/df ;'wf/sf nflu pkof]udf Nofpg] ;fdYo{sf] ljsf; xf] eGg] dfGotf /fVb5 . o; b[li6sf]0fcg';f/ k9\g n]Vg hfGg' eg]sf] To;sf] k|of]u ;dfhdf s;/L, lsg / sltv]/ x'G5 eGg] hfGg' klg xf] . k9fO n]vfO hfg]/ klg ;fdflhs hLjgdf To;sf] pkof]u ;xL gePdf ;fIf/ dfGg ;lsg] x'―b}g . To;}n] ;fIf/tf ;fdflhs Jojxf/df pkof]u / ;'wf/sf nflu x'g' cfjZos 7flgG5 . g]kfndf cgf}krfl/s lzIff g]kfndf cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] cf}krfl/s yfngL /f0ffsfndf uf]/vf etL{df l;kfxL x'g hfg rfxg] JolQmx¿nfO{ cª\u| ]hL k9\g / n]Vg l;sfpg yfn]kl5 ePsf] dflgG5 . o;sf ;fy} s[lif pTkfbg, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO, cfocfh{g h:tf ljifodf u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ r]tgf hufpg] p2]Zon] cgf}krfl/s lzIff sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|f/De ul/Psf] lyof] . kl/0ffd:j¿k @))$ ;fnb]lv cfwf/ lzIfs s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L k|f}9 ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g yfn]kl5 cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] ;+:yfut k|f/De ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . @)!! sf] g]kfndf lzIff gfds k|ltj]bgn] k|f}9 ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdnfO{ hf]8 lbPkl5 @)!# ;fnb]lv of]hgfa4 ¿kdf k|f}9 ;fIf/tfsf ¿kdf cgf}krfl/s lzIff ;~rfng x'g yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . k|f/Dedf k9fO, n]vfO / cfwf/e"t ul0ftLo ;Lk l;sfpg] p2]Zon] ;~rflnt ;fIf/tf sfo{qmddf :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO, s[lif, jg ;+/If0f, ;xsf/L, cfocfh{g h:tf ljifodf 1fg tyf ;Lk ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L @)@@ ;fnb]lv sfo{d"ns agfpg] k|of; ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;fIf/tf lzIff sfo{qmdsf] lj:tf/;―u @)#& ;fndf lzIff dGqfnodf k|f}9 lzIff zfvf :yfkgf ePkl5 o;sf kf7\o;fdu|L, k9fpg] lzIfssf] tof/L nufot cGo ;fdu|Lsf] ljsf; x'g yfNof] .
- Page 195 and 196: 185 cf_ :yfgLo lgsfodf :yfgLo hgtfs
- Page 197 and 198: 187 ;+:s[t lzIff ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ ;
- Page 199 and 200: 189 v_ @)!* ;fn;Ddsf] ;+:s[t lzIff
- Page 201 and 202: 191 ;+:s[tsf ljifoj:t' ;+:s[t eflif
- Page 203 and 204: 193 n]lvPsf 5g\ . lnR5ljsfnLg sl/a
- Page 205 and 206: 195 g]kfnLx¿nfO{ cfly{s kmfObf k'u
- Page 207 and 208: 197 3_ n]vg ;Lk;―u ;Da4 lzIf0fl;s
- Page 209 and 210: fli6«o � ;+:s[tsf] pRr lzIffsf n
- Page 211 and 212: 201 s_ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] ljsf;sf nflu
- Page 213 and 214: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ 5f]6f] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 215 and 216: 205 dft[efiff g]kfn ax'eflifs b]z x
- Page 217 and 218: 207 o;y{ o;sf] kf7\oqmd ljdf{0fsf n
- Page 219 and 220: 209 sfd;―u kl/lrt tyf sfdk|lt ;sf
- Page 221 and 222: 211 6= j}slNks pmhf{ -;f}o{ pmhf{_
- Page 223 and 224: 213 sfo{ynf]df g/d ;Lk -soft skills
- Page 225 and 226: 215 pbfx/0f Hard skill soft skills
- Page 227 and 228: 217 13= ljleGg wft'sf -;'g rf―bL,
- Page 229 and 230: 219 k];f of]hgfsf cª\ux¿ -Compone
- Page 231 and 232: 221 k];f ;d"xLs/0f -Career clusters
- Page 233 and 234: 223 � To;}n] pBdL l;sfO eg]sf] cj
- Page 235 and 236: 225 c¿df ;sf/fTds k|efj -impressio
- Page 237 and 238: 227 cfw'lgs z}Ifl0fs k|ljlw tyf vf]
- Page 239 and 240: { qm= ljj/0f km/skg ;= lgoldt lzIff
- Page 241 and 242: 231 7= o; k|0ffnL ldl8ofsf] k|of]u
- Page 243 and 244: 233 xfl;n ug{ g;Sg] ;d"xnfO{ qmdzM
- Page 245: 235 u_ ;+r]tLs/0f lzIff -!(&) kZrft
- Page 249 and 250: 239 u_ j}slNks tyf v'nf ljBfno lzIf
- Page 251 and 252: 241 qmddf ckgfOg] lqmofsnfkx¿df k|
- Page 253 and 254: 243 kIf >Jo Sof;]6sf] sdhf]/ eP tfk
- Page 255 and 256: em_ df]afOn kmf]g lxhf]cfh lzIf0f l
- Page 257 and 258: 247 5= ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwdf cfP
- Page 259 and 260: { cg';Gwfg ug'{kg] x'G5 . / 5f]6f]
- Page 261 and 262: 251 of]hgf (Plan) � s'g If]qdf kl
- Page 263 and 264: 253 s'g} klg ljifoIf]qdf sfo{d"ns c
- Page 265 and 266: 255 � cg';Gwfg slxn]b]lv ;'? x'G5
- Page 267: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ 1= sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg
237<br />
ug'{,<br />
k];f Joj;fosf 1fg ;Lk l;Sg', b}lgs sfo{x¿ l56f] 5l/tf] / pGgt tl/sfn] ug{ ;Sg]<br />
x'g'nfO{ ;fIf/tf leq ;d]6\g ;lsg] x'―bf<br />
o;nfO{ sfo{d"ns ;fIf/tf eGg] ul/Psf] xf] .<br />
o; lsl;dsf] ;fIf/tfdf lglZrt k];f Joj;fodf ;+nUg x'g] JolQmnfO{ cfjZos kg] { ;Lk<br />
ljsf;sf nflu ljifoj:t' / To;sf nflu ;DalGwt k9fO, n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;Lkx¿ PsLs[t<br />
u/L k7gkf7g ul/g5 . t/ k9fO, n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;LkeGbf k];f;―u ;DalGwt Jofj;flos<br />
;Lkdf ;fIf/ u/fpg] p2]Zo /flvG5 . o:tf] ;fIf/tfsf] p2]Zo JolQmnfO{ k|ToIf cfocfh{g x'g]<br />
/f]huf/ tyf Joj;fo ;+nUg x'g cfjZos kg] { ;Lk / 1fg l;sfpg' x'g] ub{5 .<br />
u_ ;fIf/tf ljZn]if0ffTds lrGtgsf ¿kdf<br />
;fIf/tf;DaGwL of] b[li6sf]0fn] k9fO, n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;Lk l;Sg] jf Jofj;flos ;Lksf<br />
cltl/Qm JolQmdf ljZn]if0ffTds ;fdYo{sf] ljsf; u/L ;dfh kl/jt{gsf k|lqmoftk{m pGd'v<br />
u/fpg'nfO{ ;fIf/tf dflgG5 . lzIfsn] k9fpg], l;sfpg], l;sf¿n] k9\g] lnlvt tYo, zAb /<br />
jfSo k9\g], 3f]Sg], n]Vg] h:tf k/Dk/fut z}lIfs k|lqmof ljkl/t o:tf] ;fIf/tfn] bf]xf]/f] ;+jfb,<br />
5nkmn, ax;sf dfWodaf6 ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, /fhgLlts, cfly{s ;d:of, pTkL8g, zf]if0f<br />
a'e\mg / tbg'¿k ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ klxNofpg] ;fdYo{sf] ljsf;nfO{ hf]8 lbG5 .<br />
3_ ;fIf/tf ;fdflhs Jojxf/sf ¿kdf<br />
;fIf/tfsf] of] cfofdn] JolQm ;fIf/ x'g' eg]sf] cfk"m a;]sf] ;dfhsf /Lltl/jfh, rfnrng,<br />
k/Dk/f, d"NodfGotf a'e\mg] / tbg'¿k kf7\o;fdu|LnfO{ Jojxf/df ;'wf/sf nflu pkof]udf<br />
Nofpg] ;fdYo{sf] ljsf; xf] eGg] dfGotf /fVb5 . o; b[li6sf]0fcg';f/ k9\g n]Vg hfGg' eg]sf]<br />
To;sf] k|of]u ;dfhdf s;/L, lsg / sltv]/ x'G5 eGg] hfGg' klg xf] . k9fO n]vfO hfg]/ klg<br />
;fdflhs hLjgdf To;sf] pkof]u ;xL gePdf ;fIf/ dfGg ;lsg] x'―b}g<br />
. To;}n] ;fIf/tf<br />
;fdflhs Jojxf/df pkof]u / ;'wf/sf nflu x'g' cfjZos 7flgG5 .<br />
g]kfndf cgf}krfl/s lzIff<br />
g]kfndf cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] cf}krfl/s yfngL /f0ffsfndf uf]/vf etL{df l;kfxL x'g hfg<br />
rfxg] JolQmx¿nfO{ cª\u| ]hL k9\g / n]Vg l;sfpg yfn]kl5 ePsf] dflgG5 . o;sf ;fy} s[lif<br />
pTkfbg, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO, cfocfh{g h:tf ljifodf u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ r]tgf hufpg]<br />
p2]Zon] cgf}krfl/s lzIff sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|f/De ul/Psf] lyof] . kl/0ffd:j¿k @))$<br />
;fnb]lv cfwf/ lzIfs s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L k|f}9 ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g yfn]kl5<br />
cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] ;+:yfut k|f/De ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . @)!! sf] g]kfndf lzIff gfds<br />
k|ltj]bgn] k|f}9 ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdnfO{ hf]8 lbPkl5 @)!# ;fnb]lv of]hgfa4 ¿kdf k|f}9<br />
;fIf/tfsf ¿kdf cgf}krfl/s lzIff ;~rfng x'g yfn]sf] b]lvG5 .<br />
k|f/Dedf k9fO, n]vfO / cfwf/e"t ul0ftLo ;Lk l;sfpg] p2]Zon] ;~rflnt ;fIf/tf sfo{qmddf<br />
:jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO, s[lif, jg ;+/If0f, ;xsf/L, cfocfh{g h:tf ljifodf 1fg tyf ;Lk ;d]t<br />
;dfj]z u/L @)@@ ;fnb]lv sfo{d"ns agfpg] k|of; ePsf] b]lvG5 .<br />
;fIf/tf lzIff sfo{qmdsf] lj:tf/;―u @)#& ;fndf lzIff dGqfnodf k|f}9 lzIff zfvf :yfkgf<br />
ePkl5 o;sf kf7\o;fdu|L, k9fpg] lzIfssf] tof/L nufot cGo ;fdu|Lsf] ljsf; x'g yfNof] .