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cgf}krfl/s lzIff / ;fIf/tf
cl3Nnf v08x¿df cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf cjwf/0ff cfjZostf / :j¿ksf ;Gbe{df ;fIf/tfsf
;DaGwdf ;d]t 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 . cgf}krfl/s lzIff sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx¿ k|foM lg/If/ x'g]
o:tf] sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] p2]Zo ;xefuLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] dft[efiffdf jf /fi6«efiffdf cIf/
lrgfO k9\g n]Vg / ul0ftsf Go"gtd cfwf/e"t ;Lk ;d]t l;sfP/ ;fIf/ u/fpg] ePsfn]
cgf}krfl/s lzIff / :ffIf/tfnfO{ kof{ojfrL cjwf/0ffsf ¿kdf 7fGg] u/]sf] klg b]lvG5 . o;}
u/L cgf}krfl/s lzIffnfO{ k|f}9 lzIff klg eGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L ;xefuL / sfo{qmdsf]
lglZrt p2]Zosf cfwf/df oL b'O{aLr ;dfgtf b]lvg vf]h] klg b'j} Pp6} xf]Ogg\ . dfly elgPe} ―m
cgf}krfl/s lzIff ;fIf/tf, sfo{d"ns k|f}9 lzIff, ljBfno lzIffsf] j}slNks / ;dfgfGt/
lzIff, k];fut tyf Jofj;flos tflnd, cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] kl/k"/s lzIff ;a}sf] 5ftf
cjwf/0ff xf] eg] ;fIf/tf cgf}krfl/s lzIff cGtu{t ;~rfng x'g] Pp6f sfo{qmd jf
cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] Pp6f :j¿k dfq xf] .
;fIf/tf
;fIf/tfnfO{ k|foM dft[efiff jf /fi6«efiffdf n]lvPsf cª\s cIf/ lrGg], k9\g], n]Vg] / b}lgs
hLjgdf cfOkg] { ;fdfGo ul0ftLo ;Lk l;Sg] dfWodsf ¿kdf kl/eflift ug{ ul/G5 h'g
;fIf/tfsf] k/Dk/fut / ;ª\s'lrt ;f]r dfq xf] . ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf ;xefuL k|foM lg/If/ x'g]
x'―bf
pgLx¿df k9fO n]vfO / ul0ftsf cfwf/e"t ;fdfGo ;Lk ljsf; ug] { Wo]o x'―bf
;fIf/tfnfO{
k9fO n]vfO / ul0ftsf cfwf/e"t ;Lksf ¿kdf dfq a'e\mg' :jfefljs klg b]lvG5 . t/ ;fIf/tf
eGgfn] Jofks If]q ;d]6\g] Pp6f ax'cfoflds cjwf/0ffsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . ;fIf/tfnfO{
;fdfGotof k9fO n]vfO, sfo{, ;fdflhs Jojxf/ / ljZn]if0ffTds lrGtg u/L rf/ cfofdaf6
lrgfpg] ul/Psf]n] ltgsf] 5f]6f] lrgf/L oxf― /flvPsf] 5 .
s_ ;fIf/tf k9fO n]vfOsf] ;Lksf] ¿kdf (Literacy as technical skill)
;fIf/tf ljljw kf6f jf cfofdx¿dWo] dft[efiff jf /fi6«efiffdf n]lvPsf cIf/, cª\s lrGg],
k9\g], n]Vg], a'e\mg] / cfk\mgf] Jojxf/df cfOkg] { lx;fa;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf Pp6f
cEof; xf] . To;}n] ;fIf/tfnfO{ k9fO n]vfO / ul0ft (Reading, writing and arithmetic)
;DaGwL ;Lksf ¿kdf a'e\mg] ul/G5 . o; lsl;dsf] ;fIf/tfn] JolQmsf] ;ª\1fTds ljsf;sf
nflu ;xof]u ub{5 . dft[efiff jf /fi6«efiffdf n]lvPsf zAb jfSo / ;fdfGo kf7\of+z (text)
k9\g ;Sg] JolQmn] o:tf txaf6 ;"rgf, tYo, u|x0f ug{ / n]Voefiffsf dfWodaf6 cleJolQm
;Lkklg ;fdYo{ klg a9fp―5 . dflg;sf b}lgs hLjgdf o:tf ;Lkx¿sf] pkof]u lg/Gt/
eO/xg'kg] { x'gfn] k9fO n]vfO;DaGwL ;LknfO{ ;fIf/tfsf] Pp6f ;Lksf] ¿kdf a'e\mg'kg] { x'G5 .
-v_ ;fIf/tf sfo{sf ¿kdf (Literacy as tasks)
;fIf/tfsf] of] b[li6n] ;fdfGo k9fO n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;Lk xfl;n ug'{nfO{
dfq ;fIf/tf
elgb}g a¿ tL ;Lksf] pkof]u b}lgs Jofjxfl/s hLjgsf ljljw kIfdf sxf― / s;/L x'G5 /
To;sf] pkof]u u/]/ JolQmsf] sfo{Ifdtf j[l4 / ;'wf/ ug{ sfof{Tds kIfnfO{ hf]8 lbg] ub{5 . of]
b[li6sf]0fcg';f/ k9fO, n]vfO / ul0ftsf ;Lksf] pkof]u u/]/ JolQmsf] sfof{Tds Ifdtf ;'wf/