view - National Center for Education Development

234
hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu gof― k];f / Joj;fo ckgfpg' kl//x]sf] 5 . gof― k];f / Joj;fo
ckgfpg gof― ;Lk, 1fg / bIftf ckl/xfo{ x'G5 h'g ;fIf/tf tyf lzIffaf6 k|fKt x'G5 .
� ;fdflhs Jojxf/ / cEof; kl/jlt{t / ;fdflhs ;DaGw kl/jlt{t x'G5g\ . tL Jojxf/,
cEof; / ;DaGwdf cfk"mnfO{ :yflkt ug{ lzIff / ;fIf/tf ;Lk ckl/xfo{ x'G5g\ .
cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] cjwf/0ff
;xefuLx¿sf] cfjZostf cg'¿k, ;fdflhs kl/j]z, /fHo jf k|bfosx¿sf] p2]Zo cg'¿k
lglZrt ;Lk, 1fg / Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ljBfnoLo lzIffsf] ;+/rgfeGbf aflx/ ;~rflnt
lzIffnfO{ ;fdfGotof cgf}krfl/s lzIff egL lrGg] lrgfpg] ul/G5 . cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf]
P]ltxfl;s ljsf;qmd lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 M
s_ cfwf/e"t lzIff -!($^–!(^)_
u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ k9fO n]vfOsf ;fy} s[lif tyf kz'kfng, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO, lzz'
x]/rfx, jrt tyf C0f, ;xsf/L h:tf ljifodf 1fg, ;Lk ljsf; ug{ ;s]df u|fdL0f k5f}6]kg,
/f]u, ef]s, dxfdf/Laf6 5'6sf/f lbg ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]rsf;fy !($^ lt/ cgf}krfl/s lzIff
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ yflnof] . ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf nflu o:tf] lzIff ckl/xfo{ 7flgPsf]n]
o;nfO{ ;fd'bflos lzIff eGg] ul/of] . o:tf] lzIffsf ;xefuL, cf}krfl/s ljBfno lzIff k|fKt
gu/]sf k|foM lg/If/ x'g] x'gfn] / sIff # ;/xsf] k9fO n]vfO ;Lk ljsf; ug] { p2]Zon]
;~rflnt x'g] x'―bf
o;}nfO{ cfwf/e"t ;fIf/tf, cfwf/e"t lzIffsf sfo{qmdn] kl/lrt eP .
cfwf/e"t lzIffsf dfWodaf6 ;fd'bflos ljsf; k|j4{g ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy ljsf;
ultljlw ;~rfng ug'{k"j{
cfwf/e"t ;fIf/tf jf lzIffsf sfo{qmd lrGtg clxn] oBflk ljBdfg
b]lvG5 . h;nfO{ ljsf;sf nflu cfwf/e"t lzIffs} lrGtgsf] pkh dfGg ;lsG5 / oxL sf/0fn]
cgf}krfl/s lzIffnfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIff jf ;fd'bflos lzIff eg]/ lrGg] ul/G5 .
v_ sfo{d"ns cgf}krfl/s lzIff -!(^)–!(^%_
!(^) eGbf k5fl8 k9fO n]vfOsf cltl/Qm cfwf/e"t ul0ftLo ;Lk ;dfj]z u/L l;sfpg]
o:tf ;Lkdf cfwfl/tdf lglZrt k];f Joj;fo;―u ;DalGwt sfo{d"ns ;Lk 1fg ;dfj]z u/L
lzIff lbg yflnPkl5 o:tf] lzIffnfO{ sfo{d"ns lzIff jf sfo{d"ns ;fIf/tf gfd lbOof] . k9fO
n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;Lksf dfWodn] JolQmdf sfo{d"ns ;Lksf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 h'g ;Lk
l;s]sf JolQm sfo{d"ns ;Lkdf ;+nUg x'G5g\ / cfly{s ljsf;df of]ubfg ug{ ;Sb5 eGg]
dfGotf o:tf] lzIffsf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 . oxL dfGotf cg'¿k cfhklg sfo{d"ns ;fIf/tf sfo{
;~rfng x'―b}
cfPsf] 5g\ . o:tf sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k|f/Dedf k9fO n]vfO / ul0ftLo
;Lk l;sfOG5 / oL ;Lk l;ls;s]kl5 pgLx¿n] rfx]sf] k];f;―u ;DalGwt k|fljlws ;Lk l;Sg
pGd'v u/fOG5 . o:tf sfo{qmdsf] clGtd tYo k9fO n]vfO / ul0ftLo ;Lk l;sfO geP/
JolQmnfO{ tTsfn cfod"ns Joj:ffodf ;+nUg x'g cfjZos kg] { s[lif, pBf]u, Jofkf/, pTkfbg;―u
;DalGwt 1fg ;Lk l;sfpg' klg x'g] ub{5 .