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231
7= o; k|0ffnL ldl8ofsf] k|of]u x'g] ePsfn] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ k|f/lDes cj:yfdf vr{ w]/}
nfUg] eP tfklg cGttf]uTjf Go"g vr{df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
8= o; k|0ffnLdfk{mt\ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ yf]/} hgzlQmn] w]/} sfd ug{ ;lsG5 .
9= o; k|0ffnLsf] nlIft ju{ k5fl8 k/]sf] ;d'bfo x'g] ePsfn] pQm ju{nfO{ nlIft u/L lgdf{0f
ul/Psf cWoog ;fdu|Lx¿ lgoldt ;+/rgfdf cWoog ug{ rfxg]x¿sf nflu ;d]t pkof]uL
x'G5g\ .
cgf}krfl/s lzIffM cjwf/0ff, :j¿k / sfo{qmd
cf}krfl/s ljBfno k4ltsf] cfw'lgs k/Dk/f k|f/De x'g'eGbf klxnf lzIff lng] lbg] k4lt k|foM
Ps} :j¿ksf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 . k"jL{ k/Dk/fdf d7, u'Daf, ljxf/, cf>d, dlGb/ jf db/;f lzIff
lng] lbg] ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfgLo k/Dk/f b]lvG5 eg] kfZrfTo hutdf rr{x¿af6 of] e"ldsf lgjf{x
ePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf k/Dk/fut lzIffnodf kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts / cGo ;fdu|Lx¿df
Ps¿ktf geP/ ;+:yflkR5] cnucnu x'g] ub{y] eg] ltgLx¿sf] lgwf{/0f lzIff lng] JolQmsf]
:t/, cfjZostf, ;d'bfosf] ;Gbe{cg';f/ lzIff lbg] JolQm wfld{s g]tf, u'¿, kl08t, k'hf/L
h:tf JolQmx¿n] g} ub{y] . l;sfOsf] d"Nofª\sg jf k/LIff k|0ffnLsf] lgwf{/0f klg pgLx¿ g}
ub{y] h'g cfjlws, cf}krfl/s lglb{i6 dfkb08df geP/ k|foM lg/Gt/, lzIff k|bfos JolQmsf]
:jljj]sLo k|lqmofdf cf}krfl/s ¿kdf x'g] ub{Yof] . o; kl/kf6Ldf lzIff cf}krfl/s jf
cgf}krfl/s egL lje]b jf ljefhg lyPg .
o; lsl;dsf] k/Dk/fut k4ltdf k|foM vf;ju{sf] dfq kx'―r
k'Ug], JolQmsf] ju{sf cfwf/df
lzIffsf] :j¿k lgwf{/0f x'g] / lzIffnox¿sf] lj:tf/ wfld{s ;+:yfx¿sf] OR5fdf dfq x'g] x'gfn]
;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'―rleq
;dfg lsl;dn] k'Ug ;s]g . o; cj:yfdf cfk\mgf gful/snfO{ Ps}
lsl;dsf] lzIffsf] k|aGw ug] { bfloTj /fHon] g} lng'kg] { eof] . /fHosf tk{maf6 lzIffsf] k|aGw
ug'{kg]
{ ePkl5 lzIf0f ;+:yf lkR5] cnucnu :j¿ksf kf7\oqmd, kf7\o;fdu|L, lzIfs / lzIf0f
k|aGw ug'{eGbf
Ps} :j¿ksf k|aGw ug{ /fHonfO{ ;xh x'g] eof] . lglZrt cjlwsf] l;sfOkl5
lzIffyL{x¿df x'g'kg] { z}lIfs:t/ ;dfg kfg{ ;dfg lsl;dsf] d"Nofª\sg kl/kf6L klg /fHosf]
tk{maf6} lgwf{/0f ul/of] / l;sfpg] JolQm lzIfssf] of]Uotf klg lglZrt ul/of] . lzIf0f:ynsf]
k|aGw klg /fHosf tk{maf6 x'g yfNof] . o;/L l;sfpg] JolQmsf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f / tbg'¿k
k|aGw, kf7\oqmd, kf7\o;fdu|L, d"Nofª\sg kl/kf6L /fHosf tk{maf6 lglZrt ug] { kl/kf6Laf6
cf}krfl/s ljBfno k4ltsf] ljsf; eof] h'g /fHoe/ k|foM ;dfg, Ps} :j¿ksf], ;dfg:t/sf] /
Pp6} 9f―rfsf] x'g k'Uof] . /fHon] g} o;/L cfk\mgf] cf}krfl/s ultljlw / sfo{sf ¿kdf lzIffnfO{
lgoGq0fdf lng yfn]kl5 o;nfO{ cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] gfdfs/0f ug{ yflnof] .
o;/L lzIff /fHosf] d"n Joj;fosf ¿kdf :yflkt ePklg /fHosf tk{maf6 :yflkt lzIf0f ;+:yf
/ ltgsf] z}lIfs kl/kf6Lleq ;dflxt x'g g;s]sf, To:tf lzIf0f ;+:yf :yfkgfk"j{ b]lv g} s'g}
klg lzIffaf6 jl~rt /x]sf, :yflkt z}lIfs k|0ffnLsf] ;+/rgf cg's"n x'g g;sL aflxl/Psf
km/s lsl;dsf l;sfO cfjZostf /x]sf JolQm tyf ;d"xnfO{ nlIft u/L lzIff lng] lbg] sfo{
/fHoaf6 :yflkt ljBfnoeGbf aflx/ klg k/Dk/fut ¿kdf / /fHos} k|of;af6 ljBfno