view - National Center for Education Development
view - National Center for Education Development view - National Center for Education Development
228 -Virtual classroom) elgG5 . o:tf] k|sf/sf] sIff ;~rfng ug] { ljBfnonfO{ sfNklgs ljBfno -Vitrual School_ / ljZjljBfnonfO{ sfNklgs ljZjljBfno -Virtual University_ elgG5 . o:tf vfn] ljBfno tyf ljZjljBfnosf] ;ª\Vof k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;―u} lbgfg'lbg al9/x]sf] 5 . l;Sg] / l;sfpg] k|lqmof o'u o'u b]lv rlncfPsf] xf] . t/ k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;―u} o;df km/skg cfp―b}5 . l;Sg] / l;sfpg] tl/sfdf lxhf] eGbf cfh / cfh eGbf ef]nL km/skg cfp―b}5 . lxhf]sf lbgx¿df u'? / r]nf Ps} 7fpdf a;]/ l;Sg] l;sfpg] k|lqmofsf] ljsf; ePsf] lyof] hxf― sIffsf]7f l;sfOsf] k|d'v ynf] x'g] / lzIfs af]Ng] / ljBfyL{ ;'Gg] sfo{df cEo:t /xGy] . lzIf0f l;sfOsf] of] cfdg] ;fdg] k4ltnfO{ lgoldt lzIff cyf{t\ cf}krfl/s lzIff k4ltsf] gfdn] kl/eflift ul/of] . cfh klg lzIf0f l;sfOsf] k|d'v tl/sf of] g} dflgG5 . t/ ;dosf] kl/jt{g;―u} dflg;x¿sf] Jo:ttf a9g yfNof], cf}krfl/s lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿ l;sf?;Dd k'Ug g;Sg] l:ylt cfof] To;}n] lzIf0f l;sfOdf j}slNks ljlw / k4ltx¿ vf]Hg yflnof] h;n] b"/ b/fhdf /x]sf l;sf?x¿nfO{ l;Sg] / l;sfpg] JolQmx¿nfO{ k|ljlwdfk{mt ;ldkdf NofP/ lzIf0f l;sfO k|lqmofsf] ;~rfng u/L cfk\mgf] k];f / Joj;fonfO{ sfod} /fvL k];fut Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ug] { k|0ffnLsf] vf]hL ul/of] hxf― af]nfO / ;'gfO k4ltnfO{ ;'gfO / n]vfO k4ltn] lj:yfkg uof] { . of] gof― k4ltnfO{ b"/ lzIff elgof] . b"/ lzIff k|0ffnLdf b"/L / lzIf0f l;sfO k|lqmof afx]ssf cGo tf}/tl/sfx¿ lgoldt lzIff k|0ffnLdf h:t} c―uflnof] . t/ Toltn] dfq l;sf?sf ;d:ofx¿ ;d]6g g;s]sf] x'gfn] ljBfyL{ egf{ k|lqmof, egf{sf ;t{x¿, cWoogsf] ;do, :yfg, d"Nofª\sg k|lqmof cflbdf nrstf ckgfO b"/ lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ cem v's'nf] agfOof] o;/L v's'nf] kfl/Psf] k|0ffnLsf] gfdfs/0f v'nf l;sfO sfod ul/of] . o;/L lgoldt lzIff k|0ffnL b"/ lzIff x'―b} v'nf lzIfflt/ ¿kfGt/0f x'g] qmd hf/L 5 . OG6/g]6 nufotsf] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; o; If]qsf nflu j/bfg ;fljt ePsf] 5 . lxhf]sf lbgdf @)÷#) hgf ljBfyL{ k9fpg Pp6f lzIfs clgjfo{ x'GYof] eg] cfh OG6/g]6 / 6]nLlehgsf] k|of]u u/L k"/} ljZje/Ldf Pp6} lzIfsn] k9fpg ;Sg] cj:yf ePsf] 5 . b"/ lzIff tyf v'nf l;sfOsf] If]qdf cfPsf] of] kl/jt{gn] ubf{ lgoldt lzIff k|0ffnLsf z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿n] ;d]t b"/ lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfO k|lqmof ;~rfngsf] Pp6f cleGg cª\u agfPsf] cj:yf 5 . lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;―u} b"/ l;sfO k|0ffnLn] 7"nf] km8\sf] df/]sf] x'gfn] k|ljlwdf cl3 a9]sf / kl5 k/]sfx¿sf] l;Sg] l;sfpg] tf}/tl/sfdf 7"nf] leGgtf 5 . l;Sg], l;sfpg] tf}/tl/sfdf hlt;'s} cGt/ eP tfklg Ps} k6s w]/} JolQmx¿nfO{ k|lzlIft ug{ ;lsg], ;do / :yfgsf] 3]/fleq ;Lldt geOsg l;sf?sf] OR5fcg';f/ l;Sg kfpg] ljz]iftf ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ b"/ l;sfO k|0ffnLsf] nf]slk|otf j[l4 ePsf] xf] . b"/ b/f/df a;]/ klg k];f, k9fO / sfo{ Ifdtf ljsf;nfO{ ;dfgfGt/ ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg] cj;/ k|fKt x'g] ePsf] x'gfn] ax';ª\Vos dflg;x¿sf] e'msfa o; k|0ffnLlt/ a9]sf] xf] . lgoldt lzIff x'―b} v'nf lzIff;Dd cfO{k'Ubf lzIf0f l;sfO k|lqmofdf cfPsf] of] km/skgnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 M
{ qm= ljj/0f km/skg ;= lgoldt lzIff b"/ lzIff v'nf lzIff ! kf7\oqmd k"j{ lgwf{l/t / tf]lsP k"j{ lgwf{l/t / tf]lsP l;sf?sf] dfu / adf]lhd x'G5 . adf]lhd x'G5 . cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug] u/L lgdf{0f ul/G5 . @ sfo{qmd lglZrt / Pp6} ;dodf l;sf?sf] dfucg';f/ l;sf?sf] dfucg';f/ ;~rfngsf] x'G5 . km/skm/s ;dodf km/skm/s ;dodf ;do x'G5 . x'g ;S5 . # b"/L÷:yfg lglZrt x'G5 . km/skm/s x'G5 . km/skm/s x'G5 . $ egf{sf] ;t{ sfo{qmddf egf{ x'gsf sfo{qmddf egf{ x'gsf sfo{qmddf egf{ x'gsf nflu pd]/, tyf klxn] nflu pd]/, tyf klxn] nflu s'g} klg k"j{ pQL0f{ u/]sf] tx tyf pQL0f{ u/]sf] tx tyf lgwf{l/t ;t{x¿ nfu" sIff h:tf k"j{ lgwf{l/t sIff h:tf k"j{ lgwf{l/t x'―b}gg\ . ;t{ nfu" x'G5g\ . ;t{ nfu" x'G5g\ . % k|ljlwsf] lzIf0f l;sfO sfo{df l;Sg] / l;sfpg] l;Sg] / l;sfpg] k|of]u k|ljlw ->Jo, >Job[Zo, JolQmx¿nfO{ ;ldkdf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;ldkdf OG6/g]6, dlN6ldl8of Nofpg / lzIf0f ug{ Nofpg / lzIf0f ug{ cflb_ sf] k|of]u l;ldt k|ljlwsf] k|of]u Jofks k|ljlwsf] k|of]u dfqfdf ul/G5 . ¿kdf ul/G5 . ul/G5 . t/ k|ljlwsf] 5gf]6df l;sf?nfO{ ^ cWoog dxŒj lbOG5 . cWoog ;fdu|L b"/ tyf cWoog ;fdu|L ;lhnf / cWoog ;fdu|L ;lhnf ;fdu|L v'nf lzIffsf] bf―hf]df w]/} k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . s]lx hl6n / ;Lldt k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . / w]/} k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . & lzIffyL{ cfdg] ;fdg] k4ltsf] ;Lldt dfqfdf cfdg] l;sf?sf] ;xfotf x'G5 . ;fdg] k4lt / Jofks cfjZostfg';f/ cfdg] k|0ffnL dfqfdf b"/ k4ltsf] ;fdg] k4lt / b"/ x'G5 . k4ltsf] x'G5 . * d"Nofª\sg k"j{ lgwf{l/t / tf]lsP k"j{ lgwf{l/t / tf]lsP k"j{ lgwf{l/t / tf]lsP k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'G5 . adf]lhd x'G5 . l;sf?sf] adf]lhd x'G5 . d"Nofª\sgsf] sfo{If]qdf l;sf?sf] d"Nofª\sgsf] /x]/ klg ug{ ;lsG5 . sfo{If]qdf /x]/ klg ug{ ;lsG5 . 229
- Page 187 and 188: 177 � dgf]gog jf 5gf]6 ePsf avt k
- Page 189 and 190: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ nfdf] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 191 and 192: t/sf/L afnLdf nfUg] /f]u 181 cf―v
- Page 193 and 194: 183 cg'df]bg tyf kfl/t ug] { / cfjZ
- Page 195 and 196: 185 cf_ :yfgLo lgsfodf :yfgLo hgtfs
- Page 197 and 198: 187 ;+:s[t lzIff ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ ;
- Page 199 and 200: 189 v_ @)!* ;fn;Ddsf] ;+:s[t lzIff
- Page 201 and 202: 191 ;+:s[tsf ljifoj:t' ;+:s[t eflif
- Page 203 and 204: 193 n]lvPsf 5g\ . lnR5ljsfnLg sl/a
- Page 205 and 206: 195 g]kfnLx¿nfO{ cfly{s kmfObf k'u
- Page 207 and 208: 197 3_ n]vg ;Lk;―u ;Da4 lzIf0fl;s
- Page 209 and 210: fli6«o � ;+:s[tsf] pRr lzIffsf n
- Page 211 and 212: 201 s_ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] ljsf;sf nflu
- Page 213 and 214: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ 5f]6f] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 215 and 216: 205 dft[efiff g]kfn ax'eflifs b]z x
- Page 217 and 218: 207 o;y{ o;sf] kf7\oqmd ljdf{0fsf n
- Page 219 and 220: 209 sfd;―u kl/lrt tyf sfdk|lt ;sf
- Page 221 and 222: 211 6= j}slNks pmhf{ -;f}o{ pmhf{_
- Page 223 and 224: 213 sfo{ynf]df g/d ;Lk -soft skills
- Page 225 and 226: 215 pbfx/0f Hard skill soft skills
- Page 227 and 228: 217 13= ljleGg wft'sf -;'g rf―bL,
- Page 229 and 230: 219 k];f of]hgfsf cª\ux¿ -Compone
- Page 231 and 232: 221 k];f ;d"xLs/0f -Career clusters
- Page 233 and 234: 223 � To;}n] pBdL l;sfO eg]sf] cj
- Page 235 and 236: 225 c¿df ;sf/fTds k|efj -impressio
- Page 237: 227 cfw'lgs z}Ifl0fs k|ljlw tyf vf]
- Page 241 and 242: 231 7= o; k|0ffnL ldl8ofsf] k|of]u
- Page 243 and 244: 233 xfl;n ug{ g;Sg] ;d"xnfO{ qmdzM
- Page 245 and 246: 235 u_ ;+r]tLs/0f lzIff -!(&) kZrft
- Page 247 and 248: 237 ug'{, k];f Joj;fosf 1fg ;Lk l;S
- Page 249 and 250: 239 u_ j}slNks tyf v'nf ljBfno lzIf
- Page 251 and 252: 241 qmddf ckgfOg] lqmofsnfkx¿df k|
- Page 253 and 254: 243 kIf >Jo Sof;]6sf] sdhf]/ eP tfk
- Page 255 and 256: em_ df]afOn kmf]g lxhf]cfh lzIf0f l
- Page 257 and 258: 247 5= ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwdf cfP
- Page 259 and 260: { cg';Gwfg ug'{kg] x'G5 . / 5f]6f]
- Page 261 and 262: 251 of]hgf (Plan) � s'g If]qdf kl
- Page 263 and 264: 253 s'g} klg ljifoIf]qdf sfo{d"ns c
- Page 265 and 266: 255 � cg';Gwfg slxn]b]lv ;'? x'G5
- Page 267: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ 1= sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg
228<br />
-Virtual classroom) elgG5 . o:tf] k|sf/sf] sIff ;~rfng ug] { ljBfnonfO{ sfNklgs ljBfno<br />
-Vitrual School_ / ljZjljBfnonfO{ sfNklgs ljZjljBfno -Virtual University_ elgG5 .<br />
o:tf vfn] ljBfno tyf ljZjljBfnosf] ;ª\Vof k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;―u} lbgfg'lbg al9/x]sf] 5 .<br />
l;Sg] / l;sfpg] k|lqmof o'u o'u b]lv rlncfPsf] xf] . t/ k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;―u} o;df km/skg<br />
cfp―b}5 . l;Sg] / l;sfpg] tl/sfdf lxhf] eGbf cfh / cfh eGbf ef]nL km/skg cfp―b}5 .<br />
lxhf]sf lbgx¿df u'? / r]nf Ps} 7fpdf a;]/ l;Sg] l;sfpg] k|lqmofsf] ljsf; ePsf] lyof] hxf―<br />
sIffsf]7f l;sfOsf] k|d'v ynf] x'g] / lzIfs af]Ng] / ljBfyL{ ;'Gg] sfo{df cEo:t /xGy] . lzIf0f<br />
l;sfOsf] of] cfdg] ;fdg] k4ltnfO{ lgoldt lzIff cyf{t\ cf}krfl/s lzIff k4ltsf] gfdn]<br />
kl/eflift ul/of] . cfh klg lzIf0f l;sfOsf] k|d'v tl/sf of] g} dflgG5 . t/ ;dosf]<br />
kl/jt{g;―u} dflg;x¿sf] Jo:ttf a9g yfNof], cf}krfl/s lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿ l;sf?;Dd k'Ug<br />
g;Sg] l:ylt cfof] To;}n] lzIf0f l;sfOdf j}slNks ljlw / k4ltx¿ vf]Hg yflnof] h;n] b"/<br />
b/fhdf /x]sf l;sf?x¿nfO{ l;Sg] / l;sfpg] JolQmx¿nfO{ k|ljlwdfk{mt ;ldkdf NofP/ lzIf0f<br />
l;sfO k|lqmofsf] ;~rfng u/L cfk\mgf] k];f / Joj;fonfO{ sfod} /fvL k];fut Ifdtfsf]<br />
clej[l4 ug] { k|0ffnLsf] vf]hL ul/of] hxf― af]nfO / ;'gfO k4ltnfO{ ;'gfO / n]vfO k4ltn]<br />
lj:yfkg uof] { . of] gof― k4ltnfO{ b"/ lzIff elgof] . b"/ lzIff k|0ffnLdf b"/L / lzIf0f l;sfO<br />
k|lqmof afx]ssf cGo tf}/tl/sfx¿ lgoldt lzIff k|0ffnLdf h:t} c―uflnof] . t/ Toltn] dfq<br />
l;sf?sf ;d:ofx¿ ;d]6g g;s]sf] x'gfn] ljBfyL{ egf{ k|lqmof, egf{sf ;t{x¿, cWoogsf]<br />
;do, :yfg, d"Nofª\sg k|lqmof cflbdf nrstf ckgfO b"/ lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ cem v's'nf]<br />
agfOof] o;/L v's'nf] kfl/Psf] k|0ffnLsf] gfdfs/0f v'nf l;sfO sfod ul/of] . o;/L lgoldt<br />
lzIff k|0ffnL b"/ lzIff x'―b}<br />
v'nf lzIfflt/ ¿kfGt/0f x'g] qmd hf/L 5 .<br />
OG6/g]6 nufotsf] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; o; If]qsf nflu j/bfg ;fljt ePsf] 5 . lxhf]sf lbgdf<br />
@)÷#) hgf ljBfyL{ k9fpg Pp6f lzIfs clgjfo{ x'GYof] eg] cfh OG6/g]6 / 6]nLlehgsf]<br />
k|of]u u/L k"/} ljZje/Ldf Pp6} lzIfsn] k9fpg ;Sg] cj:yf ePsf] 5 . b"/ lzIff tyf v'nf<br />
l;sfOsf] If]qdf cfPsf] of] kl/jt{gn] ubf{ lgoldt lzIff k|0ffnLsf z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿n] ;d]t b"/<br />
lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfO k|lqmof ;~rfngsf] Pp6f cleGg cª\u agfPsf] cj:yf 5 .<br />
lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;―u} b"/ l;sfO k|0ffnLn] 7"nf] km8\sf] df/]sf] x'gfn] k|ljlwdf cl3 a9]sf<br />
/ kl5 k/]sfx¿sf] l;Sg] l;sfpg] tf}/tl/sfdf 7"nf] leGgtf 5 . l;Sg], l;sfpg] tf}/tl/sfdf<br />
hlt;'s} cGt/ eP tfklg Ps} k6s w]/} JolQmx¿nfO{ k|lzlIft ug{ ;lsg], ;do / :yfgsf]<br />
3]/fleq ;Lldt geOsg l;sf?sf] OR5fcg';f/ l;Sg kfpg] ljz]iftf ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ b"/<br />
l;sfO k|0ffnLsf] nf]slk|otf j[l4 ePsf] xf] . b"/ b/f/df a;]/ klg k];f, k9fO / sfo{ Ifdtf<br />
ljsf;nfO{ ;dfgfGt/ ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg] cj;/ k|fKt x'g] ePsf] x'gfn] ax';ª\Vos<br />
dflg;x¿sf] e'msfa o; k|0ffnLlt/ a9]sf] xf] . lgoldt lzIff x'―b}<br />
v'nf lzIff;Dd cfO{k'Ubf<br />
lzIf0f l;sfO k|lqmofdf cfPsf] of] km/skgnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 M