view - National Center for Education Development
view - National Center for Education Development view - National Center for Education Development
;'emfj ;+:s[t lzIffnfO{ nf]slk|o agfpg lgDgfg';f/sf sfo{ ug'{ ;fGble{s b]lvG5 M != ;~hfn, ;Dk{s tyf ;DaGw :yflkt ug'{ � /fli6«o, If]qLo Pjd\ :yfgLo ;+:s[t ljBf ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g tyf k|jw{gsf ;+:yfut ;Dks{ gLlt th'{df ug] { � ;Da4 ljb]zL ;ª\3, ;+:yf, ljBfno tyf ljZjljBfno;―u ;xsfo{ ug] { � p2]Zo, nIo, k7g—kf7g, k':tsfno cflb ;du| ultljlw ;d]l6Psf] Od]n, j]j ;fO6 dfkm{t ;"rgf k|jfx ug] { tyf cBfjlws ug] { � cGt//fli6«o:t/df eP u/]sf ;+:s[t lzIff;DaGwL sfo{ Pjd\ ultljlwsf] cBfjlws hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;~hfn ;+oGqsf] ;~rfng ug] { @= /fli6«o gLlt lgdf{0fdf k|efj kfg] { gLlt � ;+:s[t lzIffsf] ;a} wf/nfO{ ;dGjo / Jojl:yt ug{ ;/sf/L txdf lg/LIf0ffno÷ljefu÷zfvfsf] Joj:yf ug] { � ;gftg hLjg k4lt tyf ;gftg 1fg lj1fgsf :jfjnDaL hLjg k4ltnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f ug] { � ;+:s[tnfO{ jfª\dosf] clwstd pkof]u ug] { x]t'sf ;fy :yfgLo, If]qLo, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o txdf ;ef, ;Dd]ng tyf uf]i7L ;~rfng ug] { ] . � /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]udfkm{t kf―r a;] { cNksfnLg, b; a;] { dWosfnLg Pjd\ aL; a;] { bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug] { � ;+:s[tsf 1fgk|wfg / k|of]uk|wfg ljifox¿nfO{ ;fwf/0f lzIffsf k|s[lt ldNbf kf7\ok':tsdf ;dfj]z ug] { #= z}lIfs gLlt / ;+/rgf � ljBfno tyf ljZjljBfnosf] ;+u7gfTds :j¿k tyf ;~rfng gLlt lgwf{/0f u/L jt{dfgsf ;+/rgfnfO{ zf:qLotf / dfGotfdf c;/ gkg]{ u/L k'gM;+/rgf ug] { { � lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+/rgfTds cf}lrTo;DaGwL k|rf/fTds cleofg ;~rfng ug] { � plNnlvt efjgfcg'¿k kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts / hgzlQm ljsf; ug] { . v_ ljleGg cfof]u tyf sfo{zfnfx¿n] ;+:s[t lzIff;Da4 ;d:ofx¿sf] ;f/ lvrL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;'emfj k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . c_ ljleGg cfof]usf b[li6df ;+:s[t ljBfsf ;d:ofx¿ ;jf{ª\uL0f /fli6«o lzIff ;ldlt, @)!* 200
201 s_ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] ljsf;sf nflu :yfoL cfo;|f]t;DaGwL Joj:yf gx'g' . v_ lgMz'Ns tyf clgjfo{ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] Joj:yf gx'g' . u_ ;+:s[t ljBfdf cfw'lgs ljifox¿ klg ;dfj]z gul/g' . 3_ ;dsIftf;DaGwL :ki6 Joj:yf gx'g' . /fli6«o lzIff k4ltsf] of]hgf, @)@*–#@ s_ ;+:s[t dfWolds ljBfnodf ;+:s[t efiffsf] cWoog cWofkgdf hf]8 glbOg' . v_ ;+:s[tsf] pRr lzIffsf nflu 5'6\6} ;+:yfgsf] Joj:yf gx'g' . u_ /fli6«o lzIffsf] cleGg cª\usf ¿kdf ;+:s[t ljBfsf] ljsf; gx'g' . /fli6«o lzIff cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg, @)$( ;+:s[t ljBfsf] gLlt :ki6 gx'―bf o;sf] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+:s[t dfWolds ljBfnosf] ;ª\Vof sd 5 . ;+:s[ttkm{ cfslif{t ug] { pkfox¿sf] sdLn] 5 . ;+:s[t pRr lzIffdf ljBfyL{ ;|f]tsf] Go"gtf 5 . ;dfhsf] cfjZostfcg'¿k Psflt/ hgzlQmsf] pTkfbg sd 5 . csf{lt/ pTkflbt hgzlQmsf lgldQ /f]huf/Lsf] lglZrttf 5}g . k/:k/ lj/f]wfef; v8f x'g', ;+:s[tdf cfwfl/t k|fljlws lzIff / Jofj;flos ljifox¿sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug] { sfo{qmdsf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjljBfno Pjd\ dfWolds ljBfnox¿sf] kf7\oqmddf k/:k/ tfnd]n 5}g . ;+:s[t dfWolds ljBfnox¿sf] ;ª\Vof Hofb} sd 5 . ePsf dfWolds ljBfnox¿dWo] klg sltko ;'b[9 / ;'Jojl:yt ¿kdf ;~rflnt 5}gg\ . clgjfo{ ;+:s[tdf klg efiff l;sfpgdf eGbf ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg ug'{kg] { vfnsf kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':tsx¿ 5g\ . lzIfs k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf 5}g . cfly{s ;|f]tx¿ sdL 5 . z}lIfs / ef}lts ljsf;sf nflu oy]i7 k|of; ul/Psf] 5}g . hUuf hldgx¿ ePsf ljBfnox¿df klg ef}lts ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f / ;~rfngsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf 5}g . pko'Qm cfo;|f]tsf] k|aGw 5}g . ljBfnox¿df ljifout lzIfsx¿sf] sdL 5 . ljBfyL{x¿sf lglDt 5fqfjf;x¿sf] plrt k|aGw 5}g . ;+:s[tdf /x]sf] 1fg k|fKt ug{ rfxg] ljb]zLx¿nfO{ cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ cj;/ k|bfg ug] { sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng 5}gg\ . ;+:s[tlgi7 k|fljlws 1fgsf] k7gkf7gsf] tyf ljsf; ug] { ;d'lrt Joj:yf 5}g . cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o cfjZostfcg'¿k kl/rfng ul/Psf] 5}g . ljZjljBfnosf] l:ylt ;'b[9 5}g . z}lIfs Pjd\ k|fl1s kIfsf] t'ngfdf k|zf;lgs Pjd\ Joj:yfkg kIfdf a9L nufgL ug] { kl/kf6L ljsl;t x'―b} hfg' / cfGtl/s ;|f]t lgs} sdhf]/ x'g' cflb . pRr:t/Lo /fli6«o lzIff cfof]u, @)%% s_ k|rf/k|;f/ gx'g', v_ ljBfno txdf Joj:yfkgsf] k|efjsfl/tf gx'g', u_ g]=;+=lj=df ;]jf cfof]usf] u7g gx'g', 3_ hgzlQm / k|lzIf0fsf] sdL x'g', ª_ pQ/dWodf txnfO{ pRr dfWolds lzIfftkm{ lj:yfkg gug'{, r_ ck]lIft g]t[Tj / ;dGjosf] sdL x'g',
- Page 159 and 160: k|ljlw nufpg], � ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf
- Page 161 and 162: jftfj/0f x|f; tyf o;sf] ;+/If0f jft
- Page 163 and 164: { ] � kl/of]hgf sfo{M ljBfyL{nfO{
- Page 165 and 166: 155 lj1fg ljifosf] lzIf0f ubf{ ljBf
- Page 167 and 168: gd'gf kf7 of]hgf ! zLif{s PsfOM ;fw
- Page 169 and 170: @= sIff ^ sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kbfy{sf
- Page 171 and 172: 161 � k|sfz gk/]sf] efudf /ª\xLg
- Page 173 and 174: 163 :yfgLo ljifo g]kfn hflt, efiff,
- Page 175 and 176: 165 � ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflu
- Page 177 and 178: efiffefifL M :yfgLo :t/df af]lng] e
- Page 179 and 180: 169 ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[lt M p2]Zosf]
- Page 181 and 182: 171 ª= lzIf0fl;sfO lqmofsnfk lzIf0
- Page 183 and 184: 173 sfddf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/f
- Page 185 and 186: lrqsnf / x:tsnf -l;h{gfTds snf_ $=
- Page 187 and 188: 177 � dgf]gog jf 5gf]6 ePsf avt k
- Page 189 and 190: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ nfdf] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 191 and 192: t/sf/L afnLdf nfUg] /f]u 181 cf―v
- Page 193 and 194: 183 cg'df]bg tyf kfl/t ug] { / cfjZ
- Page 195 and 196: 185 cf_ :yfgLo lgsfodf :yfgLo hgtfs
- Page 197 and 198: 187 ;+:s[t lzIff ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ ;
- Page 199 and 200: 189 v_ @)!* ;fn;Ddsf] ;+:s[t lzIff
- Page 201 and 202: 191 ;+:s[tsf ljifoj:t' ;+:s[t eflif
- Page 203 and 204: 193 n]lvPsf 5g\ . lnR5ljsfnLg sl/a
- Page 205 and 206: 195 g]kfnLx¿nfO{ cfly{s kmfObf k'u
- Page 207 and 208: 197 3_ n]vg ;Lk;―u ;Da4 lzIf0fl;s
- Page 209: fli6«o � ;+:s[tsf] pRr lzIffsf n
- Page 213 and 214: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ 5f]6f] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 215 and 216: 205 dft[efiff g]kfn ax'eflifs b]z x
- Page 217 and 218: 207 o;y{ o;sf] kf7\oqmd ljdf{0fsf n
- Page 219 and 220: 209 sfd;―u kl/lrt tyf sfdk|lt ;sf
- Page 221 and 222: 211 6= j}slNks pmhf{ -;f}o{ pmhf{_
- Page 223 and 224: 213 sfo{ynf]df g/d ;Lk -soft skills
- Page 225 and 226: 215 pbfx/0f Hard skill soft skills
- Page 227 and 228: 217 13= ljleGg wft'sf -;'g rf―bL,
- Page 229 and 230: 219 k];f of]hgfsf cª\ux¿ -Compone
- Page 231 and 232: 221 k];f ;d"xLs/0f -Career clusters
- Page 233 and 234: 223 � To;}n] pBdL l;sfO eg]sf] cj
- Page 235 and 236: 225 c¿df ;sf/fTds k|efj -impressio
- Page 237 and 238: 227 cfw'lgs z}Ifl0fs k|ljlw tyf vf]
- Page 239 and 240: { qm= ljj/0f km/skg ;= lgoldt lzIff
- Page 241 and 242: 231 7= o; k|0ffnL ldl8ofsf] k|of]u
- Page 243 and 244: 233 xfl;n ug{ g;Sg] ;d"xnfO{ qmdzM
- Page 245 and 246: 235 u_ ;+r]tLs/0f lzIff -!(&) kZrft
- Page 247 and 248: 237 ug'{, k];f Joj;fosf 1fg ;Lk l;S
- Page 249 and 250: 239 u_ j}slNks tyf v'nf ljBfno lzIf
- Page 251 and 252: 241 qmddf ckgfOg] lqmofsnfkx¿df k|
- Page 253 and 254: 243 kIf >Jo Sof;]6sf] sdhf]/ eP tfk
- Page 255 and 256: em_ df]afOn kmf]g lxhf]cfh lzIf0f l
- Page 257 and 258: 247 5= ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwdf cfP
- Page 259 and 260: { cg';Gwfg ug'{kg] x'G5 . / 5f]6f]
201<br />
s_ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] ljsf;sf nflu :yfoL cfo;|f]t;DaGwL Joj:yf gx'g' .<br />
v_ lgMz'Ns tyf clgjfo{ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] Joj:yf gx'g' .<br />
u_ ;+:s[t ljBfdf cfw'lgs ljifox¿ klg ;dfj]z gul/g' .<br />
3_ ;dsIftf;DaGwL :ki6 Joj:yf gx'g' .<br />
/fli6«o lzIff k4ltsf] of]hgf, @)@*–#@<br />
s_ ;+:s[t dfWolds ljBfnodf ;+:s[t efiffsf] cWoog cWofkgdf hf]8 glbOg' .<br />
v_ ;+:s[tsf] pRr lzIffsf nflu 5'6\6} ;+:yfgsf] Joj:yf gx'g' .<br />
u_ /fli6«o lzIffsf] cleGg cª\usf ¿kdf ;+:s[t ljBfsf] ljsf; gx'g' .<br />
/fli6«o lzIff cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg, @)$(<br />
;+:s[t ljBfsf] gLlt :ki6 gx'―bf<br />
o;sf] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+:s[t dfWolds<br />
ljBfnosf] ;ª\Vof sd 5 . ;+:s[ttkm{ cfslif{t ug] { pkfox¿sf] sdLn] 5 . ;+:s[t pRr<br />
lzIffdf ljBfyL{ ;|f]tsf] Go"gtf 5 . ;dfhsf] cfjZostfcg'¿k Psflt/ hgzlQmsf] pTkfbg<br />
sd 5 . csf{lt/ pTkflbt hgzlQmsf lgldQ /f]huf/Lsf] lglZrttf 5}g . k/:k/ lj/f]wfef;<br />
v8f x'g', ;+:s[tdf cfwfl/t k|fljlws lzIff / Jofj;flos ljifox¿sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug] {<br />
sfo{qmdsf] th'{df<br />
/ sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjljBfno Pjd\ dfWolds ljBfnox¿sf]<br />
kf7\oqmddf k/:k/ tfnd]n 5}g . ;+:s[t dfWolds ljBfnox¿sf] ;ª\Vof Hofb} sd 5 . ePsf<br />
dfWolds ljBfnox¿dWo] klg sltko ;'b[9 / ;'Jojl:yt ¿kdf ;~rflnt 5}gg\ . clgjfo{<br />
;+:s[tdf klg efiff l;sfpgdf eGbf ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg ug'{kg]<br />
{ vfnsf kf7\oqmd tyf<br />
kf7\ok':tsx¿ 5g\ . lzIfs k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf 5}g . cfly{s ;|f]tx¿ sdL 5 . z}lIfs /<br />
ef}lts ljsf;sf nflu oy]i7 k|of; ul/Psf] 5}g . hUuf hldgx¿ ePsf ljBfnox¿df klg<br />
ef}lts ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f / ;~rfngsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf 5}g . pko'Qm cfo;|f]tsf] k|aGw 5}g .<br />
ljBfnox¿df ljifout lzIfsx¿sf] sdL 5 . ljBfyL{x¿sf lglDt 5fqfjf;x¿sf] plrt k|aGw<br />
5}g . ;+:s[tdf /x]sf] 1fg k|fKt ug{ rfxg] ljb]zLx¿nfO{ cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ cj;/ k|bfg<br />
ug] { sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng 5}gg\ . ;+:s[tlgi7 k|fljlws 1fgsf] k7gkf7gsf] tyf ljsf; ug] {<br />
;d'lrt Joj:yf 5}g . cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o<br />
cfjZostfcg'¿k kl/rfng ul/Psf] 5}g . ljZjljBfnosf] l:ylt ;'b[9 5}g . z}lIfs Pjd\<br />
k|fl1s kIfsf] t'ngfdf k|zf;lgs Pjd\ Joj:yfkg kIfdf a9L nufgL ug] { kl/kf6L ljsl;t x'―b}<br />
hfg' / cfGtl/s ;|f]t lgs} sdhf]/ x'g' cflb .<br />
pRr:t/Lo /fli6«o lzIff cfof]u, @)%%<br />
s_ k|rf/k|;f/ gx'g',<br />
v_ ljBfno txdf Joj:yfkgsf] k|efjsfl/tf gx'g',<br />
u_ g]=;+=lj=df ;]jf cfof]usf] u7g gx'g',<br />
3_ hgzlQm / k|lzIf0fsf] sdL x'g',<br />
ª_ pQ/dWodf txnfO{ pRr dfWolds lzIfftkm{ lj:yfkg gug'{,<br />
r_ ck]lIft g]t[Tj / ;dGjosf] sdL x'g',