view - National Center for Education Development
view - National Center for Education Development view - National Center for Education Development
nfdf] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zgx¿ s_ ;+:s[t lzIffnfO{ nf]slk|o agfpg s] s] ug'{knf{ < kl/j]z ljZn]if0f u/L ;'emfj k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . g]kfndf ;+:s[t jfª\dosf] cWoog–cWofkgsf] nfdf] k/Dk/f /lxcfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;+:s[lt Pjd\ g}lts d"NodfGotfsf] k|d'v ;|f]t ;+:s[t jfª\do g} xf] . ;fy} g]kfndf k|rlnt k|d'v efiffsf] hggL klg ;+:s[t efiff g} dflgG5 . o;nfO{ sIff !–* df P]lR5s ljifosf ¿kdf !)) k"0ff{ª\ssf] ;+:s[t ;Da4 ljifosf] kf7\oqmd ljsf; ul/Psf] eP tfklg o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . d'VotM o; ljifo :yfgLo ljifosf] ljsNksf ¿kdf eGbf efiff ljifosf ¿kdf ljsf; u/L dft[efiffsf ljsNksf ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o;y{ o; ljifonfO{ ;+:s[t efiff dfq geP/ sd{sf08, cfo'j] {b, k|fs[lts lrlsT;f, Hof]ltif, jf:t'zf:q, gLltzf:q nufotsf ljifosf P]lR5s ljifosf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 . ;+:s[t ljBf xfl;n ug{ rfxg] 5fqf5fqx¿df cle?lrsf] sdL b]lvg'df k|fof]lus tyf k|fljlws ljifo;Da4 Jojxf/f]kof]uL Pjd\ ;dfh;fk]If kf7\oj:t'sf] 5gf]6 x'g g;Sg' klg xf] . sltko cWofksx¿n] ljBfyL{s]lGb|t lzIf0f l;sfOdf ;d]t rf;f] glbPsfn] of] lzIff cfnf]rgfsf] s]Gb|df g} /xg] u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} gjLgtd k|ljlwsf] cled'vLs/0f, lzIfstflnd h:tf cTofjZos kIfdf ;d]t ;Da4 lzIfsx¿ kl5 kl//x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] k|frLgtfsf gfddf ;+:s[t jfª\dosf o:t} sof} ― of]ubfg pk]lIft x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . cfh xfdLn] o;sf] sf/stTjsf k5fl8 n's]sf] ;fdflhs kl/j]znfO{ ddg ug{ ;s]gf} ― eg] ef]ln of] ljBfnfO{ pk]Iff ug] { ] qmd a9\g] b]lvG5 . plNnlvt ;Gbe{ / jt{dfg kl/j]z ljZn]if0fnfO{ a'e\mg o;/L lrq0f ug{ ;lsG5 M { { kl/j]z cg's"ntf k|lts"ntf :yfgLo � k/fk"j{ sfnb]lv g} cfTdljsf; tyf � ;+:s[t efiffdf /x]sf 1fg, lj1fg / ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu k|ljlwsf] dxŒj oy]i6 ¿kdf clgjfo{ lzIffsf ¿kdf :yflkt ;dfhsf ;a} hflt, ju{ / � ljutsf s]xL bzseGbf jt{dfg ;d'bfonfO{ a'emfpg g;Sg' . ;dodf ;+:s[tsf] dxŒj a'e\mg] ju{sf] � :yfgLo:t/df ;bfrf/sf] cfjZostf cle?lrdf qmdzM j[l4 af]w u/fpg g;Sg' . � g}ltstf, ;bfrf/ / ;sf/fTds � /fHo tyf :yfgLo lgsfon] ;+:s[tdf lrGtgsf nflu cfz tyf ljZjf; nufgL sd ug' . ul/Psf] lzIff � ;+:s[t k7gkf7g ug] sltko ju{df ck]lIft gx'g' . cfTdljZjf;sf] ljsf; 198
fli6«o � ;+:s[tsf] pRr lzIffsf nflu 5'§} ljZjljBfno � cyfx 1fg/flz � /fhgLlts k|lta4tf cGt/{fli6«o � ljZj zflGt, ;d[l4 / Gofo tyf cWofTdlt/ pGd'v x'gfn] ljZje/ ;+:s[t jfª\do lbgfg'lbg nf]slk|o aGg' � O6fnL, cd]l/sf, hd{gL, k|mfG;, ef/t, rLg h:tf ljsl;t b]znufot ljZjsf ! ;oeGbf a9L ljZjljBfnodf ;+:s[tsf] k9fO x'g' � ljZj ;+:s[t ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ ;+:s[t ljBf;DaGwL ljZje/sf ultljlw, 1fglj1fg ;DaGwL ljrf/ljdz{ tyf ;d:of / ltgsf lg/fs/0fsf pkfox¿sf af/]df 5nkmn ug] { qmdn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg' 199 � sltko ;DkGg JolQmn] cfk\mgf ;GtfgnfO{ ;+:s[t k9fpg grfxg' . � of]u, k|fs[lts lrlsT;f / cfo'j] {bnfO{ b}lgs hLjgdf k|of]udf Nofpg g;Sg' � ;+:s[t ljBfdf /x]sf 1fg, lj1fg / k|ljlw kIfsf hfgsf/ JolQm ;ª\ul7t gx'g' , � g]kfnL ;dfhn] cjnDag ub} { cfPsf u|x0fLo ljifoj:t', wf/0ff, ;+:sf/ h:tf 1fg / ;Lk kIfsf s'/f g]kfnL /fli6«o lzIff k4ltn] pk]Iff ug'{ . � ;+:s[t ljBfsf] gLltlgdf{0fdf ;+:s[t]t/ zlQm xfjL x'g' . � /fli6«o lzIff gLlt lgfw{/0f ubf{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ck]Iff, k/Dk/f, d"No, dfGotfeGbf ljb]zL k|efjaf6 k|efljt eO{ z}lIfs sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ug] { k|j[lQ xfjL x'g' . � ;+:s[t ljBfsf] Jojl:yt ;~hfndf cfkm"nfO{ ;dflxt ug{ g;Sg' � cGt/{fli6«o:t/sf] dfGotfnfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{ g;Sg' � ;d;fdlos ¿kn] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ g;Sg' � ljb]zdf /x]sf ;Da4 ljZjljBfno;―u hgzlQm Pjd\ z}lIfs sfo{qmd cfbfgk|bfg ug{ g;Sg'
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- Page 165 and 166: 155 lj1fg ljifosf] lzIf0f ubf{ ljBf
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- Page 171 and 172: 161 � k|sfz gk/]sf] efudf /ª\xLg
- Page 173 and 174: 163 :yfgLo ljifo g]kfn hflt, efiff,
- Page 175 and 176: 165 � ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflu
- Page 177 and 178: efiffefifL M :yfgLo :t/df af]lng] e
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- Page 191 and 192: t/sf/L afnLdf nfUg] /f]u 181 cf―v
- Page 193 and 194: 183 cg'df]bg tyf kfl/t ug] { / cfjZ
- Page 195 and 196: 185 cf_ :yfgLo lgsfodf :yfgLo hgtfs
- Page 197 and 198: 187 ;+:s[t lzIff ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ ;
- Page 199 and 200: 189 v_ @)!* ;fn;Ddsf] ;+:s[t lzIff
- Page 201 and 202: 191 ;+:s[tsf ljifoj:t' ;+:s[t eflif
- Page 203 and 204: 193 n]lvPsf 5g\ . lnR5ljsfnLg sl/a
- Page 205 and 206: 195 g]kfnLx¿nfO{ cfly{s kmfObf k'u
- Page 207: 197 3_ n]vg ;Lk;―u ;Da4 lzIf0fl;s
- Page 211 and 212: 201 s_ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] ljsf;sf nflu
- Page 213 and 214: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ 5f]6f] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 215 and 216: 205 dft[efiff g]kfn ax'eflifs b]z x
- Page 217 and 218: 207 o;y{ o;sf] kf7\oqmd ljdf{0fsf n
- Page 219 and 220: 209 sfd;―u kl/lrt tyf sfdk|lt ;sf
- Page 221 and 222: 211 6= j}slNks pmhf{ -;f}o{ pmhf{_
- Page 223 and 224: 213 sfo{ynf]df g/d ;Lk -soft skills
- Page 225 and 226: 215 pbfx/0f Hard skill soft skills
- Page 227 and 228: 217 13= ljleGg wft'sf -;'g rf―bL,
- Page 229 and 230: 219 k];f of]hgfsf cª\ux¿ -Compone
- Page 231 and 232: 221 k];f ;d"xLs/0f -Career clusters
- Page 233 and 234: 223 � To;}n] pBdL l;sfO eg]sf] cj
- Page 235 and 236: 225 c¿df ;sf/fTds k|efj -impressio
- Page 237 and 238: 227 cfw'lgs z}Ifl0fs k|ljlw tyf vf]
- Page 239 and 240: { qm= ljj/0f km/skg ;= lgoldt lzIff
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