view - National Center for Education Development

191
;+:s[tsf ljifoj:t'
;+:s[t eflifs b[li6n] dfq geO{ 1fg / ;Lksf b[li6n] klg dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . ljifout b[li6n] j]b,
cfo'j] {b, of]u, bz{g, Hof]ltif, ;flxTo, snf, Oltxf;, efiffzf:q, gLltzf:q, wd{zf:q, jf:t'lj1fg,
:yfkTozf:q h:tf ;d[4 1fgsf] e08f/ o;df /x]sf] 5 . ;+:sf/ / cfr/0fsf b[li6n] ;+:s[t Ps
cfbz{ Pjd\ cu|0fL ljifosf ¿kdf kl/lrt 5 . o;sf] ;DaGw g]kfnsf] ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f, wd{,
1fg lj1fg, Oltxf;, snf, ;flxTo cflb ljifo;―u 5 . ctM o; kl/k| ]Iodf ;+:s[t lzIffnfO{ cem
kl/is[t, k|efjsf/L, Jofks, ;dfhf]kof]uL, ;do;fk]If / ¿lrs/ agfp―b} n}hfg' cfjZos 5 .
!= eflifs dxŒjsf b[li6n] ;+:s[t efiff
;+:s[t efiff ef/f]k]nL kl/jf/sf] ef/f]k]nL zfvfsf] k|d'v efiff xf] . ;+:s[t efiff blIf0f
Pl;ofdf af]lng] sl/a #%) efiff Pjd\ eflifsfx¿sf] hggL efiff xf] . ljzfn jfª\do,
;'Jojl:yt Pjd\ j}1flgs Jofs/0f / ;d[4 ;flxTosf b[li6n] klg ;+:s[t efiffsf] ;+;f/s}
efiffx¿dWo] cu|0fL :yfg /x]sf] 5 . o;}n] eflifs b[li6sf]0fn] ;+:s[t efiffsf] dxŒj /x]sf]
s'/f k|dfl0ft x'G5 .
@= 1fgsf] dfWodsf ¿kdf ;+:s[t efiff
;+:s[t efiffdf ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf ljsl;t 1fg–lj1fg, ;+:s[lt Pjd\ ;Eotfsf] nueu
#))) jif{;Ddsf] e08f/ ;'/lIft 5 . o:t} o; efiffleq j]b, cfo'j] {b, of]u, bz{g, Hof]ltif,
;flxTo, snf, Oltxf;, efiffzf:q, gLltzf:q, wd{zf:q, jf:t'snf, sfdzf:q, d"lt{snf cflb
1fg–lj1fg, ;+:s[lt Pjd\ ;EotfnfO{ ;+jxg u/]sf ljljw ljifox¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
@=!= j]b
bz{g, k'/f0f, ;flxTo cflb nf}lss jfª\ \dosf] d"n ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf j]b /x]sf] 5 . j]b rf/cf]6f
5g\— CUj]b, oh'j] {b, ;fdj]b / cyj{j]b . o;df j]bdf ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf ljsl;t k|frLg
Pjd\ k|fu}ltxfl;s sfnLg ;Eotfsf dxŒjk"0f{ tYox¿ ;'/lIft 5g\ . j]bdf k|frLg Oltxf;,
e"uf]n, ;+:s[lt, ;ª\uLt, ;flxTo, vuf]n, ;dfhzf:q cflb ljifo ;'/lIft /x]sf 5g\ .
@=@= cfo'j] {b
cfo'j] {b :jf:Yo lj1fg;―u ;DalGwt ljifo xf] . o;cGtu{t zNotGq, zfnSotGq,
sfolrlsT;f, e"tljBf, sf}df/e[To, cub tGq, /;fog tGq, afhLs/0f tGq h:tf zfvfx¿
5g\ eg] r/s ;+lxtf, ;'>'t ;+lxtf, jfUe6 ;+lxtf cflb k|d'v u|Gyx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . cfo'j] {bLo
pkrf/ k4ltnfO{ gsf/fTds k|efj -;fO8 Okm]S6_ /lxt pkrf/ k4lt dflgG5 . cfo'j] {bLo
cf}iflwx¿ ;:tf] / ;'ne x'G5g\ .
@=#= of]u
of]u zf:q dfgl;s gsf/fTds k|j[lQx¿sf] lg/f]w u/L dgnfO{ ;sf/fTdstftkm{ cu|;/
u/fpg] dfWod xf] . of]usf] 1fg / k|of]uåf/f zf/Ll/s Pjd\ dfgl;s /f]usf] lgbfg x'g'sf
;fy} hLjgdf pQd ;'v / k/d zflGt k|flKt x'G5 . of]udf d"ntM cf;g, k|f0ffofd / Wofg
d'Vo ljifosf ¿kdf b]lvG5g\ . of]usf] cEof;af6 b':;fWo zf/Ll/s Pjd\ dfgl;s