view - National Center for Education Development

188
p2]Zodf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfwf/e"t txcGtu{tsf] sIff ! – * df !)) k"0ff{ª\ssf] ;+:s[t efiff
ljifosf] kf7\oqmd ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] . cfwf/e"t txdf of] ljifo :yfgLo ljifo / dft[efiffsf]
ljsNksf ¿kdf kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . rl/q lgdf{0f / eflifs bIftfsf] ljsf;df
Wofg lbg' o; kf7\oqmdsf] df}lnskg xf] . o; txsf] cGtdf ljBfyL{x¿ lgDglnlvt ;Ifdtfx¿
xfl;n ug{ ;dy{ x'g] nIo /flvPsf] 5 M
!= ;+:s[t efiff;flxTosf dfWodaf6 eflifs cleJolQm sf}znsf ljsf; u/L /fi6«efiffx¿sf]
k|of]u / k|rng a9fpg,
@= ;+:s[t efiff / /fi6«efiffx¿sf aLr ljBdfg eflifs d"Nox¿ klxrfg ug{,
#= kBfTds eflifs k/Dk/fsf] cg';/0f ug{,
$= l;sfO / cleJolQmsf nflu ;/n, z'4 Pjd\ Jofjxfl/s ;+:s[t efiffsf] k|of]u ug{ .
ljBfno lzIff -;+:s[t wf/_ sf] l:ylt
s_ @)!) ;fn;Ddsf] ;+:s[t lzIff k|0ffnL
g]kfndf k|frLgsfnb]lv g} ljleGg cf>d, d7, dlGb/ / 3/d} ;+:s[tsf] k7gkf7gsf] Joj:yf
/x]sf] lyof] . ljqmd;+jt\ !*(& df ;+:yfut ¿kdf ;+:s[tsf] k7gkf7gsf] Joj:yf /x]sf]
b]lvG5 -;'sLlt{bQkGt ;"l/lj/lrt u|GyfjlnM, ;Dkfbs, 8f= :jfdL k|kGgfrfo{, lj= ;+=
@)^), k[= *@–*%_ . To:t} lj= ;+= @)@$ df ;+:s[t kf7zfnf /x]sf] kfOG5 -gLnb]j kGt,
jfr:klt kGt k|1f M z/b\rGb| e6\6/fO{_ . lj= ;+= !(@& df gf/fo0flx6Ldf ;+:s[t kf7zfnf
/x]sf] kfOG5 -cfnf]sM @)$!, gf/fo0flx6L kf7zfnf ;Da4 k|sflzt+ kqd\, lbg]z/fh kGt,
k[= *#–*%_ . To;kl5 !(#@ ;fndf ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] lbª\nfdf ;+:s[t ljBfnosf] :yfkgf
ePkl5 ;+:s[t lzIff cfw'lgs ljBfnoLo :j¿kdf k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;kl5 !(#$
;fndf sf7df8f} ―df ;+:s[t kf7zfnfsf] :yfkgf eof] . o;kl5 kf]v/f, kfNkf, l/8L, u'NdL,
tf}lnxjf, sn}of, dl6xfgL, hgsk'/, ndh'ª, lvlbd cflb 7fp―x¿df ;+:s[t kf7zfnfx¿
v'n]/ ;~rflnt eP . !($# ;fndf tLgwf/f kf7zfnfsf] :yfkgf eof] . !(%* ;fndf Ps}
k6s &% cf]6f efiff kf7zfnfx¿ v'n] . tL kf7zfnfdf cf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf
;+:s[tsf] k7gkf7g x'GYof] . kl5 tL efiff kf7zfnfx¿sf] ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 x'―b}
uof] / @)!)
;fndf ;/sf/L efiff kf7zfnfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof @## ;Dd k'Uof] .
@))$ ;fndf ;+:s[t lzIffsf] ;'wf/sf nflu hot' ;+:s[td\ cfGbf]ng eof] . o;n] ;+:s[t
lzIffdf cfw'lgs ljifo / cfw'lgs lzIffdf ;+:s[tsf ljifox¿sf] k|j]zsf nflu 9f]sf
v'Nof] . @))& ;fndf k|hftGq cfPkl5 @))( ;fndf /fhsLo ;+:s[t dxfljBfnosf]
:yfkgf eof] t/ jf/f0f;]o ;+:s[t ljZjljBfnosf] lgb] {zgdf ToxL―sf] kf7\oqmd /
k|Zgkqfg';f/ g]kfndf g} k/LIff ;~rfng ug] { Joj:yf eof] . @))* ;fn;Dd klg ;+:s[t
ljifosf] k/LIff lbg jgf/;df g} hfg'kg] { Joj:yf lyof] . o;cl3 ;Dk"0f{ k"j{dWodf /
To;b]lv dflysf ;a} k/LIffx¿ lbgsf nflu g]kfnsf] s'g} klg lzIf0f ;+:yfdf ;+:s[t k9]sf
ljBfyL{x¿n] ef/tsf] jgf/; hfg'kg] { Joj:yf lyof] .