view - National Center for Education Development
view - National Center for Education Development view - National Center for Education Development
186 � ;|f]ts]Gb| / ;|f]tJolQmsf] Joj:yf � ljBfno Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L x:tfGt/0f x'g' � Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7gdf cleefjssf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g' � lzIfs cleefjs ;ª\3sf] Joj:yf x'g' � sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t Joj:yfkg k4ltsf] ;'?jft � dfWolds lzIff ;xof]u sfo{qmdn] klg !)–!% k|ltzt ef/ :yfgLo cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t x'g'kg] { Joj:yf x'g' � uflj;÷gkf / lhlj;sf] lzIff;DaGwL sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g' . u_ kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf qmddf p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ubf{ s]s] s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ < n]Vg'xf];\ . kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf qmddf lgDgfg';f/sf kIfdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 M � ljBfyL{x¿sf] pd]/ � sIff÷tx � afndgf]lj1fg � ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[lt � afnaflnsfsf] l;sfO:t/ � ;|f]t / ;fwg 3_ z}lIfs ;fdu|LnfO{ s] s;/L juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 < n]Vg'xf];\ . z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 M � 7f];÷jf:tljs j:t' � gd'gf � lrq, tl:a/ � cGo ª_ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd eg]sf] s] xf] < n]Vg'xf];\ . r_ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf nflu lgwf{l/t cGo If]qx¿ ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . 5_ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf nflu If]lqo lzIff lgb]{zgfnosf] e"ldsf s]s] x'g ;S5g\ < vf]hL ug'{xf];\ . h_ olb tkfO{ + kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|df sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 eg] tkfO{ +n] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjogdf s] s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .
187 ;+:s[t lzIff ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ ;+;f/s} ;j{k|frLg efiff dflgG5 . o;df cfa4 eflifs lrGtg / k|of]u cToGt Jojl:yt Pjd\ j}1flgs 5 . ;+:s[taf6 ;+;f/sf cg]sf} ― efiffx¿sf] hGd ePsf] tYo klg efiff j}1flgsx¿åf/f k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5 . ;+:s[t efiff clt k|frLgsfnb]lv cljlR5Gg ¿kn] rlncfPsf] 5 . ljZjsf w]/}h;f] efiffsf] d"n ;|f]t klg ;+:s[t efiff g} xf] . xfd|f] /fi6«sf] ;Gbe{df t o; b]zsf] z}lIfs Oltxf;sf] ;'?b]lv g} ;+:s[t efiffsf] ljz]if dxŒj /lxcfPsf] 5 . ;+;f/sf] ;j{k|frLg u|Gy CUj]b ;+:s[t efiffdf n]lvPsf] 5 eg] ;+;f/sf] klxnf] eflifs Jofs/0f dfx]Zj/ Jofs/0f klg ;+:s[td} 5 . CUj]bnfO{ g} cfwf/ dfg]/ CSk|fltzfVodf tf]lsPsf] :j/j0f{ / Jo~hgj0f{sf] cfh;Dd klg cª\u| ]hL, g]kfnL, lxGbL nufotsf k|d'v cfw'lgs ef/f]k]nL efiffx¿df k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 . o;}nfO{ cfwf/ dfGb} kf}/:To wd{, bz{g, 1fg, lj1fg, efiff, snf, ;flxTo, ;ª\uLt, of]u, Wofg, cfo'j] {b, sd{sf08, tGq, jf:t'zf:q, s[lifzf:q Pjd\ Hof}ltifflb ljifosf ;du| Jofjxfl/s kIfnfO{ rf/j]bdfk{mt ;d:t hLjx¿sf] sNof0ffy{ Clifx¿n] k|jflxt u/]sf] k|fdfl0fs tYo kfOG5 . To;}n] j]b >'ltzf:qsf ¿kdf :yflkt 5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ 1fg ToxL >'ltzf:qåf/f k|jflxt 5 . j]bsf] ;du| cWoogsf nflu 5Gb, Jofs/0f, sNk, Hof}ltif, lzIff / lg?Qm¿kL if8ª\u -j]bfª\u_ hfGg' cfjZos x'G5 . Jof;;+lxtfdf j]bfª\uaf/] dxlif{ jlzi7sf] o:tf] egfO 5 M 5GbM kfbf} zAbzf:q~r jSq+, sNkM, k|f0ff] Hof]ltif+, rIf'ifL r lzIff 3|f0f+ >f]qd'Qm+ lg?Qm+ j]b:ofª\ufGofx'Gofx'/]tflg if6\ r .Æ dxfd'gL of:s Pjd\ dxfefIffsf/ kt~hnLn] o; dGqnfO{ o;/L :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ M rf/cf]6f l;ª\u -gfd– cfVoft–pk;u{–lgkft_, tLg kfpm -Psjrg–låjrg–jx'jrg_, tLg k'?if, tLg sfn, b'O{ zL/ -zAbsf¿k–wft'¿k_, ;ft xft -;ft ljelQm_, tLg a4 -zAbdf pk;u{÷k|Too, wft'df pk;u{÷k|Too nfu]/ Pjd\ ;df;åf/f zAb lgdf{0f x'g] k|lqmof_ h:tf Jofs/0fsf lgodx¿ dxfb]jn] b]jjf0fLsf ¿kdf hLj hLjfTdfsf nflu atfpg'ePsf] xf] . plNnlvt ljifoj:t'nfO{ u'?s'n k/Dk/fåf/f lg/Gt/tf lb―b} jt{dfgsf] cfw'lgs lzIff k|0ffnL;Dd klg ;+:s[t ljBf ultzLn x'―b} cfPsf] 5 . -k|ltj]bg, cfwf/e"t lzIff sIff ^ – * sf nflu kf7\oqmd ;+/rgf ljsf;_ kf7\oqmd kl/ro xfd|f] efiff, ;+:s[lt / ;fdflhs, g}lts Pjd\ df}lns hLjgd"Nosf] k|d'v cfwf/ ;+:s[t jfª\do g} xf] . ;fdflhs Pjd\ g}lts hLjgd"Nosf] kfngf / ;+/If0f tyf sltko /fi6«efiffx¿sf] cWoog / ltgdf eflifs ;Lksf] ljsf;sf nflu klg ;+:s[tsf] cWoog–cWofkg cfjZos x'G5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ o:t} hLjgf]kof]uL ljljw kIfsf] kl/ro lbO{ c;n / of]Uo gful/s pTkfbg ug] {
- Page 145 and 146: 135 zf/Ll/s lzIff zf/Ll/s lzIff - s
- Page 147 and 148: 137 kf7\oef/ ljt/0f tflnsf kf7\o Ps
- Page 149 and 150: 139 g;s]sf / :yfgLo rngdf /x]sf v]n
- Page 151 and 152: 141 4= 5ftL / 9f8sf] s;/t 5= hf]8Ld
- Page 153 and 154: ^= Pyn]l6S; 143 1= 5f]6f] bf}8 2= n
- Page 155 and 156: 145 { To:t} k"0ff{ª\s !) sf] zf/Ll
- Page 157 and 158: 147 lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f ljBfyL{df lj
- Page 159 and 160: k|ljlw nufpg], � ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf
- Page 161 and 162: jftfj/0f x|f; tyf o;sf] ;+/If0f jft
- Page 163 and 164: { ] � kl/of]hgf sfo{M ljBfyL{nfO{
- Page 165 and 166: 155 lj1fg ljifosf] lzIf0f ubf{ ljBf
- Page 167 and 168: gd'gf kf7 of]hgf ! zLif{s PsfOM ;fw
- Page 169 and 170: @= sIff ^ sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kbfy{sf
- Page 171 and 172: 161 � k|sfz gk/]sf] efudf /ª\xLg
- Page 173 and 174: 163 :yfgLo ljifo g]kfn hflt, efiff,
- Page 175 and 176: 165 � ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflu
- Page 177 and 178: efiffefifL M :yfgLo :t/df af]lng] e
- Page 179 and 180: 169 ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[lt M p2]Zosf]
- Page 181 and 182: 171 ª= lzIf0fl;sfO lqmofsnfk lzIf0
- Page 183 and 184: 173 sfddf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/f
- Page 185 and 186: lrqsnf / x:tsnf -l;h{gfTds snf_ $=
- Page 187 and 188: 177 � dgf]gog jf 5gf]6 ePsf avt k
- Page 189 and 190: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ nfdf] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 191 and 192: t/sf/L afnLdf nfUg] /f]u 181 cf―v
- Page 193 and 194: 183 cg'df]bg tyf kfl/t ug] { / cfjZ
- Page 195: 185 cf_ :yfgLo lgsfodf :yfgLo hgtfs
- Page 199 and 200: 189 v_ @)!* ;fn;Ddsf] ;+:s[t lzIff
- Page 201 and 202: 191 ;+:s[tsf ljifoj:t' ;+:s[t eflif
- Page 203 and 204: 193 n]lvPsf 5g\ . lnR5ljsfnLg sl/a
- Page 205 and 206: 195 g]kfnLx¿nfO{ cfly{s kmfObf k'u
- Page 207 and 208: 197 3_ n]vg ;Lk;―u ;Da4 lzIf0fl;s
- Page 209 and 210: fli6«o � ;+:s[tsf] pRr lzIffsf n
- Page 211 and 212: 201 s_ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] ljsf;sf nflu
- Page 213 and 214: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ 5f]6f] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 215 and 216: 205 dft[efiff g]kfn ax'eflifs b]z x
- Page 217 and 218: 207 o;y{ o;sf] kf7\oqmd ljdf{0fsf n
- Page 219 and 220: 209 sfd;―u kl/lrt tyf sfdk|lt ;sf
- Page 221 and 222: 211 6= j}slNks pmhf{ -;f}o{ pmhf{_
- Page 223 and 224: 213 sfo{ynf]df g/d ;Lk -soft skills
- Page 225 and 226: 215 pbfx/0f Hard skill soft skills
- Page 227 and 228: 217 13= ljleGg wft'sf -;'g rf―bL,
- Page 229 and 230: 219 k];f of]hgfsf cª\ux¿ -Compone
- Page 231 and 232: 221 k];f ;d"xLs/0f -Career clusters
- Page 233 and 234: 223 � To;}n] pBdL l;sfO eg]sf] cj
- Page 235 and 236: 225 c¿df ;sf/fTds k|efj -impressio
- Page 237 and 238: 227 cfw'lgs z}Ifl0fs k|ljlw tyf vf]
- Page 239 and 240: { qm= ljj/0f km/skg ;= lgoldt lzIff
- Page 241 and 242: 231 7= o; k|0ffnL ldl8ofsf] k|of]u
- Page 243 and 244: 233 xfl;n ug{ g;Sg] ;d"xnfO{ qmdzM
- Page 245 and 246: 235 u_ ;+r]tLs/0f lzIff -!(&) kZrft
186<br />
� ;|f]ts]Gb| / ;|f]tJolQmsf] Joj:yf<br />
� ljBfno Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L x:tfGt/0f x'g'<br />
� Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7gdf cleefjssf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g'<br />
� lzIfs cleefjs ;ª\3sf] Joj:yf x'g'<br />
� sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t Joj:yfkg k4ltsf] ;'?jft<br />
� dfWolds lzIff ;xof]u sfo{qmdn] klg !)–!% k|ltzt ef/ :yfgLo cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t<br />
x'g'kg] { Joj:yf x'g'<br />
� uflj;÷gkf / lhlj;sf] lzIff;DaGwL sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g' .<br />
u_ kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf qmddf p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ubf{ s]s] s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ < n]Vg'xf];\ .<br />
kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf qmddf lgDgfg';f/sf kIfdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 M<br />
� ljBfyL{x¿sf] pd]/<br />
� sIff÷tx<br />
� afndgf]lj1fg<br />
� ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[lt<br />
� afnaflnsfsf] l;sfO:t/<br />
� ;|f]t / ;fwg<br />
3_ z}lIfs ;fdu|LnfO{ s] s;/L juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .<br />
z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 M<br />
� 7f];÷jf:tljs j:t'<br />
� gd'gf<br />
� lrq, tl:a/<br />
� cGo<br />
ª_ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd eg]sf] s] xf] < n]Vg'xf];\ .<br />
r_ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf nflu lgwf{l/t cGo If]qx¿ ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .<br />
5_ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf nflu If]lqo lzIff lgb]{zgfnosf] e"ldsf s]s] x'g ;S5g\ < vf]hL<br />
ug'{xf];\<br />
.<br />
h_ olb tkfO{ + kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|df sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 eg] tkfO{ +n] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f tyf<br />
sfof{Gjogdf s] s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < n]Vg'xf];\ .
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