view - National Center for Education Development
view - National Center for Education Development view - National Center for Education Development
174 :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df b]lvPsf k|d'v r'gf}tLx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ M � ;+:yfut ;+oGq / ;Ifdtfsf] ljsf; gx'g' � :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;lqmotfdf sdL � k|lta4tfsf] cefj � hgzlQmsf] cefj � a9\bf] ljZjJofkLs/0f÷cª\u| ]hL efiffk|ltsf] a9\bf] df]x � hgrf;f]sf] sdL � s]Gb|d'vL k|j[lQ � :yfgLo cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t lzIf0f ug{ ;Sg] tflnd k|fKt lzIfssf] cefj � kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f;DaGwL ;Lk ljsf;;DaGwL tflndsf] cefj . o:tf r'gf}tL x'“bf x'“b} klg :yfgLo cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t lzIffsf] kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sfo{x¿ klg eO/fv]sf 5g\ . tL sfo{x¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ M � ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog x'g' � ufp― lzIff of]hgf agfpg] sfo{sf] yfngL � ;|f]ts]Gb| / ;|f]tJolQmsf] Joj:yf � ljBfno Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L x:tfGt/0f x'g' � Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7gdf cleefjssf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g' � lzIfs cleefjs ;ª\3sf] Joj:yf x'g' � sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t Joj:yfkg k4ltsf] ;'?jft � dfWolds lzIff ;xof]u sfo{qmdn] klg !)–!% k|ltzt ef/ :yfgLo cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t x'g'kg] { Joj:yf x'g' � uflj;÷gkf / lhlj;sf] lzIff;DaGwL sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g' . - :yfgLo kf7\oqmd ;|f]t ;fdu|L, @)^&, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| _ ndh'ª, kj{t, wflbª, wgs'6f, l;Gw'nL, slknj:t', vf]6fª, /;'jf cflb lhNnfx¿n] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd ljsf; / sfof{Gjogdf rf;f] b]vfPsf 5g\ . qm=; lhNnf ljifo tx != ndh'ª S[lif tyf h8La'6L 1fgdfnf @= kj{t kmnk"mn v]tL #= wgs'6f t/sf/L v]tL -:yfgLo ljifo_ :yfgLo v]n -zf/Ll/s lzIff_, jg -;fdflhs cWoog_,
lrqsnf / x:tsnf -l;h{gfTds snf_ $= slknj:t' t/sf/L v]tL -:yfgLo ljifo_, wfld{s tyf P]ltxfl;s :yn -;fdflhs cWoog_, k/fnaf6 aGg] ;fdu|L –l;h{gfTds snf_, :yfgLo v]n -zf/Ll/s lzIff_ %= wflbª t/sf/L v]tL, kmnk"mn v]tL ^= vf]6fª xn];L dxfb]j ^= l;Gw'nL xfo' efiff kf7\oqmd &= /;'jf cfn' v]tL 175 ljs]Gb|Ls[t z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/df :yfgLo txsf 1fg, ;Lk, bIftf, snf, ;+:s[lt, k];f, Joj;fo cflb kIfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd;DaGwL cjwf/0ff cl3 ;fl/Psf] xf] . ljleGg cWoog k|ltj]bg, uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, kl/of]hgfsf ;'emfj k|ltj]bgn] klg o;nfO{ :yfgLo cfjZostfcg'¿k g} agfpg'kg] { tYo cf} ―NofPsf 5g\ . ;fy} o;nfO{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] efu !&, wf/f !#( / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf klg :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . pQm k|flKtx¿ / k|ltj]bgsf] lgisif{sf cfwf/df ;a}sf nflu lzIff (Education for all_ / dfWolds lzIff ;xof]u sfo{qmd -Secondary Education Support Program_ @))#–@))* n] klg b;b]lv kGw| k|ltzt;Dd :yfgLo kf7\oqmdnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . log} b:tfj]h, k|fylds txsf] kf7\oqmdsf] ;+/rgf cflbsf] cfwf/df k|fylds lzIff kf7\oqmd, @)^@ -sIff !–#_ tyf @)^% -sIff $–%_ n] k|fylds txsf] :yfgLo ljifosf ¿kdf !)) k|ltzt tyf ;fdflhs cWoog, zf/Ll/s lzIff / l;h{gfTds snf ljifodf @) k|ltzt kf7\of+z :yfgLo :t/sf] /fVg ;Sg] k|fjwfg u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} sIff ^–* df klg !)) k"0ff{ +ssf] :yfgLo ljifosf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t/ kf7\oqmdcg';f/ ljBfnodf k7gkf7g ePsf] kfO―b}g . :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjogdf ljleGg lgsfosf] ljz]if e"ldsf /xG5 . tLdWo] ljBfno / uflj; jf gu/kflnsfsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5, h;nfO{ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd ;|f]t ;fdu|L, @)^&, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n] o;/L lrq0f u/]sf] 5 M s= ljBfno tx lzIffsf tLg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ljBfno txd} x'G5g\ . tL tLg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿df ljBfyL{, lzIfs / cleefjs kb{5g\ . To:t} ljBfno Ps ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf cfp―5 eg] lzIfs, cleefjs ;ª\3 / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt klg kb{5 . lzIffsf gLlt lgod cflbn] ljBfnosf] ;ª\u7g, Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng, cg'udg, d"Nofª\sgaf6 lg/Gt/ k|ultpGd'v agfpg] cª\usf] ¿kdf oL ;ldltsf] e"ldsfnfO{ :ki6 ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] e"ldsf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
- Page 133 and 134: 123 :jf:Yo lzIff :jf:Yo dfgj hLjgsf
- Page 135 and 136: 125 ^= :jf:Yo ;]jf &= w"dkfg tyf nf
- Page 137 and 138: 127 &= w"dkfg tyf nfu"kbfy{ � :jf
- Page 139 and 140: { ljifoj:t''sf] If]q / qmd tflnsf I
- Page 141 and 142: 5= lszf]/fj:yf, of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:
- Page 143 and 144: 9= kfl/jfl/s / ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo 133
- Page 145 and 146: 135 zf/Ll/s lzIff zf/Ll/s lzIff - s
- Page 147 and 148: 137 kf7\oef/ ljt/0f tflnsf kf7\o Ps
- Page 149 and 150: 139 g;s]sf / :yfgLo rngdf /x]sf v]n
- Page 151 and 152: 141 4= 5ftL / 9f8sf] s;/t 5= hf]8Ld
- Page 153 and 154: ^= Pyn]l6S; 143 1= 5f]6f] bf}8 2= n
- Page 155 and 156: 145 { To:t} k"0ff{ª\s !) sf] zf/Ll
- Page 157 and 158: 147 lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f ljBfyL{df lj
- Page 159 and 160: k|ljlw nufpg], � ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf
- Page 161 and 162: jftfj/0f x|f; tyf o;sf] ;+/If0f jft
- Page 163 and 164: { ] � kl/of]hgf sfo{M ljBfyL{nfO{
- Page 165 and 166: 155 lj1fg ljifosf] lzIf0f ubf{ ljBf
- Page 167 and 168: gd'gf kf7 of]hgf ! zLif{s PsfOM ;fw
- Page 169 and 170: @= sIff ^ sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kbfy{sf
- Page 171 and 172: 161 � k|sfz gk/]sf] efudf /ª\xLg
- Page 173 and 174: 163 :yfgLo ljifo g]kfn hflt, efiff,
- Page 175 and 176: 165 � ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflu
- Page 177 and 178: efiffefifL M :yfgLo :t/df af]lng] e
- Page 179 and 180: 169 ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[lt M p2]Zosf]
- Page 181 and 182: 171 ª= lzIf0fl;sfO lqmofsnfk lzIf0
- Page 183: 173 sfddf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/f
- Page 187 and 188: 177 � dgf]gog jf 5gf]6 ePsf avt k
- Page 189 and 190: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ nfdf] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 191 and 192: t/sf/L afnLdf nfUg] /f]u 181 cf―v
- Page 193 and 194: 183 cg'df]bg tyf kfl/t ug] { / cfjZ
- Page 195 and 196: 185 cf_ :yfgLo lgsfodf :yfgLo hgtfs
- Page 197 and 198: 187 ;+:s[t lzIff ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ ;
- Page 199 and 200: 189 v_ @)!* ;fn;Ddsf] ;+:s[t lzIff
- Page 201 and 202: 191 ;+:s[tsf ljifoj:t' ;+:s[t eflif
- Page 203 and 204: 193 n]lvPsf 5g\ . lnR5ljsfnLg sl/a
- Page 205 and 206: 195 g]kfnLx¿nfO{ cfly{s kmfObf k'u
- Page 207 and 208: 197 3_ n]vg ;Lk;―u ;Da4 lzIf0fl;s
- Page 209 and 210: fli6«o � ;+:s[tsf] pRr lzIffsf n
- Page 211 and 212: 201 s_ ;+:s[t ljBfsf] ljsf;sf nflu
- Page 213 and 214: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ 5f]6f] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg
- Page 215 and 216: 205 dft[efiff g]kfn ax'eflifs b]z x
- Page 217 and 218: 207 o;y{ o;sf] kf7\oqmd ljdf{0fsf n
- Page 219 and 220: 209 sfd;―u kl/lrt tyf sfdk|lt ;sf
- Page 221 and 222: 211 6= j}slNks pmhf{ -;f}o{ pmhf{_
- Page 223 and 224: 213 sfo{ynf]df g/d ;Lk -soft skills
- Page 225 and 226: 215 pbfx/0f Hard skill soft skills
- Page 227 and 228: 217 13= ljleGg wft'sf -;'g rf―bL,
- Page 229 and 230: 219 k];f of]hgfsf cª\ux¿ -Compone
- Page 231 and 232: 221 k];f ;d"xLs/0f -Career clusters
- Page 233 and 234: 223 � To;}n] pBdL l;sfO eg]sf] cj
lrqsnf / x:tsnf -l;h{gfTds snf_<br />
$= slknj:t' t/sf/L v]tL -:yfgLo ljifo_, wfld{s tyf<br />
P]ltxfl;s :yn -;fdflhs cWoog_, k/fnaf6<br />
aGg] ;fdu|L –l;h{gfTds snf_, :yfgLo v]n<br />
-zf/Ll/s lzIff_<br />
%= wflbª t/sf/L v]tL, kmnk"mn v]tL<br />
^= vf]6fª xn];L dxfb]j<br />
^= l;Gw'nL xfo' efiff kf7\oqmd<br />
&= /;'jf cfn' v]tL<br />
175<br />
ljs]Gb|Ls[t z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/df :yfgLo txsf 1fg, ;Lk, bIftf, snf, ;+:s[lt, k];f,<br />
Joj;fo cflb kIfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd;DaGwL cjwf/0ff cl3 ;fl/Psf] xf] .<br />
ljleGg cWoog k|ltj]bg, uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, kl/of]hgfsf ;'emfj k|ltj]bgn] klg o;nfO{ :yfgLo<br />
cfjZostfcg'¿k g} agfpg'kg] { tYo cf} ―NofPsf 5g\ . ;fy} o;nfO{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg<br />
@)^# sf] efu !&, wf/f !#( / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf klg :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .<br />
pQm k|flKtx¿ / k|ltj]bgsf] lgisif{sf cfwf/df ;a}sf nflu lzIff (<strong>Education</strong> <strong>for</strong> all_ /<br />
dfWolds lzIff ;xof]u sfo{qmd -Secondary <strong>Education</strong> Support Program_ @))#–@))* n]<br />
klg b;b]lv kGw| k|ltzt;Dd :yfgLo kf7\oqmdnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . log} b:tfj]h, k|fylds<br />
txsf] kf7\oqmdsf] ;+/rgf cflbsf] cfwf/df k|fylds lzIff kf7\oqmd, @)^@ -sIff !–#_ tyf<br />
@)^% -sIff $–%_ n] k|fylds txsf] :yfgLo ljifosf ¿kdf !)) k|ltzt tyf ;fdflhs<br />
cWoog, zf/Ll/s lzIff / l;h{gfTds snf ljifodf @) k|ltzt kf7\of+z :yfgLo :t/sf] /fVg<br />
;Sg] k|fjwfg u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} sIff ^–* df klg !)) k"0ff{ +ssf] :yfgLo ljifosf] Joj:yf<br />
ul/Psf] 5 . t/ kf7\oqmdcg';f/ ljBfnodf k7gkf7g ePsf] kfO―b}g .<br />
:yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjogdf ljleGg lgsfosf] ljz]if e"ldsf /xG5 . tLdWo]<br />
ljBfno / uflj; jf gu/kflnsfsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5, h;nfO{ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd ;|f]t<br />
;fdu|L, @)^&, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n] o;/L lrq0f u/]sf] 5 M<br />
s= ljBfno tx<br />
lzIffsf tLg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ljBfno txd} x'G5g\ . tL tLg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿df ljBfyL{,<br />
lzIfs / cleefjs kb{5g\ . To:t} ljBfno Ps ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf cfp―5 eg] lzIfs,<br />
cleefjs ;ª\3 / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt klg kb{5 . lzIffsf gLlt lgod cflbn]<br />
ljBfnosf] ;ª\u7g, Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng, cg'udg, d"Nofª\sgaf6 lg/Gt/ k|ultpGd'v<br />
agfpg] cª\usf] ¿kdf oL ;ldltsf] e"ldsfnfO{ :ki6 ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] e"ldsf<br />
lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M