view - National Center for Education Development

120
gb]vfpg] lsgsL lzIfsn] gd'gf agfP/ b]vfPsf] v08df ljBfyL{sf] l;h{gzLntfdf afwf k'Ug]
x'G5 . ljBfyL{n] vfnL lzIfsn] agfPsf] gd'gf ;fg] {lt/ dfq Wofg hfg] x'G5 / gof― ;f]r
glgsfNg] x'G5 . ljBfyL{sf] d"Nofª\sg, lj1fg, ul0ft ljifodf h:t} olt g} pQ/ x'G5 eGg] x'―b}g
.
ljBfyL{nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf /dfP/ l;Sgsf nflu k| ]l/t ug] { / k|z+;f u/]/ pgLx¿sf] sfdsf] k|z+;f
u/]/ d"Nofª\sg ug'{
pko'Qm x'g] 5 .
ca xfd|f] k|d'v ;d:ofsf af/]df rrf{ u/f} ― . d'u' lhNnf eg]sf] sf/0f l;=c=s= ljifo l;sfpgsf
nflu cfjZos /ªx¿ tyf cGo ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;d:of x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . To;kl5 l;=c=s=
ljifoleq w]/} km/s k|sf/sf ljifox¿ /x]sf] sf/0fn] cfjZos z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx¿ klg
km/skm/s x'g] g} eof] . ljifocg';f/ cfjZos ;fdu|Lx¿sf af/]df eGg' pko'Qm b]lvG5 .
lrqsnfsf nflu cfjZos ;fdu|L eg]sf] ;]tf] sfuh, k]lG;n, O/]h/ tyf /ªx¿ x'g\ . oLdWo]
;fbf sfuh, k]lG;n tyf O/]h/ g]kfnsf] h'g;'s} lhNnfx¿df klg pknAw x'g] sf/0fn] o;sf]
;d:of ePg . /ª, cyf{t ahf/df kfOg] kfgL tyf kf]:6/ /ªx¿sf] ;d:of x'g ;S5 . oL tof/L
(Readymade) /ªsf ljsNkdf k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] /ª lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
/ftf] df6f]nfO{ ldxLg x'g] u/L vndf lk:g], lkl;;s]k5 ldxLg sk8fdf 5fGg] / kfgL tyf ;f]
lk;]sf] df6f]nfO{ Pp6f srf}/fdf vGofpg] / clnslt eftsf] df8 / kfgL ld;fP/ /fd|f];―u
3f]Ng] . /ftf] /ª tof/ eof] . df8 ld;fPsf] sf/0fn] sfuhaf6 /ª emg{ kfp―b}g . To:t} u/]/
;]tf], sfnf] tyf cGo ljleGg /ªsf nflu klg sd]/f], clj/, l;ld|s, uf]n cflbnfO{ dfly
atfPsf] tl/sfaf6 /ª tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
/ª tof/ eof] ca tof/L a'|;
(Readymade brush) sf] ;§f cfk} ―mn] a| '; tof/ ug{sf nflu
sf7sf] 5]:sf]sf] r'Rrf]kl§ skf; a]g] { / To;dfly sk8fn] a]g] { / alnof] kfg{sf nflu sk8fnfO{
sl;P/ wfuf]n] To;dfly a]/]/ a| '; tof/ ug] { .
csf] { xfd|f] kf7\oqmdsf cg';f/ l;sfpg'kg] { 5kfO snf xf] . 5kfOsf nflu ;fdu| +Lx¿ eg]sf] hxf―
klg pknAw x'g ;Sg] rSs', cfn', em/]sf kft, v;|f] ;tx ePsf] sk8f tyf sfuhx¿ k|of]u
ug{ ;S5f} ― .
sf]nfhsf nflu k'/fgf /ª\lug kqklqsf tyf k'/fgf sk8fx¿, kft, l;Gsf, 5\jfnL cflbsf]
k|of]uaf6 tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
df6f]sf] sfdsf nflu dlnnf] df6f] jf k'm;|f] ePdf klg cfjZos dfqfdf kfgL ld;fP/ df6f]sf]
;fdu|L lgdf{0fsf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;S5f} ― .
cf]l/ufdL tyf lsl/ufdLsf nflu k'/fgf kqklqsf, cvjf/nfO{ g} Square df sf―6]/ jf cGo
cfs[ltaf6 klg tof/ u/fpg ;S5f} ― .
Construction cyf{t ;fdu|L lgdf{0fsf nflu cf}ifwLsf] l;;Lsf] aflx/sf] a§f jf cGo sfuhsf]
a§f, 5]:sf], l;;Lsf lasf] {x¿, sk8f, skf;, tf/ cflb k'/fgf ;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u u/]/ klg
l;sfpg ;lsG5 .
o;/L xfdLn] cfk"m j/k/ kfOg] k'/fgf v]/ hfg] j:t'x¿sf] k|of]uaf6 klg l;=c=s= ljifosf nflu
;fdu|L tof/ ug{ ;S5f} ― .