view - National Center for Education Development
view - National Center for Education Development view - National Center for Education Development
cGtlg{lxt k|ltef k|:k'm6g u/fpg :jtGqtf lbg'kb{5 . afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ hlt a9L :jtGq eP/ cEof; ug{ nufOG5 Tolt g} /fd|f] k|ult x'g] x'―bf k|of]ufTds ljlw g} ;a}eGbf pko'Qm x'G5 . o; ljifodf lgDglnlvt If]qx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ M s_ b[Zosnf M != /]vflrq @= /ª #= 5kfO sfo{ $= sf]nfh %= df6f]sf] sfd ^= sfuh;DaGwL sfo{ &= lgdf{0f sfo{ *= a'gfO (= :yfgLo ljifoj:t'sf] c+z v_ ;ª\uLt M != ufog / jfbg @= g[To #= clego $= :yfgLo ljifoj:t'sf] c+z s_ b[Zosnf ( Visual Art) b[Zosnf ljwfnfO{ cleJolQmsf] Ps ;zQm dfWodsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . cfhsf] cfw'lgs o'udf o;sf] dxŒj Pjd\ pkof]lutf lbgfg'lbg a9\bf] 5 . b[Zosnfsf] ;Gbe{df afnlrqsf] dxŒj ckl/xfo{ 5 . afnaflnsfx¿sf] af}l4s ljsf; tyf pgLx¿df l;h{gzLntf, cGj]if0f tyf /rgfTds k|j[lQsf] ljsf; u/fpgsf nflu b[Zosnf Ps geO{ gx'g] ljifosf ¿kdf k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 . ;fgf gfgLx¿ cIf/ cyjf zAb n]Vg hfGg' cufl8 :jefjtM 6]9fd]9f /]vfx¿ sf]g{ yfN5g\ . o;n] pgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s tyf af}l4s ljsf; ug{df lgs} 7"nf] ;xof]u ub{5 . ljBfyL{x¿df lglxt snf;DaGwL 1fgn] dflyNnf] txsf] k9fOnfO{ ;d]t ;3fpg'sf cltl/Qm pgLx¿sf] Jofjxfl/s hLjgdf klg o;n] 7"nf] dbt k'¥ofp―5 . lrqsnf (Drawing) lrqsnf ljifo l;sfpg] qmddf lrq n]Vg] sfd xfdL sIff Psaf6 g} ;'? ug'{ k5{ . x'g t aRrfx¿n] b'O{ jif{sf] pd]/af6} sfkLdf lrq sf]/]/ n]Vg] sfd ul/;s]sf x'G5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿n] lrq lsl/ld/L /]vfOx¿ sf]/]/ agfpg] u5{g\ . To;kl5 lj:tf/} uf]nf], r]K6f] cflb cfs[ltx¿ sf]b} { pgLx¿df lrq n]Vg] ;Lksf] klg ljsf; x'―b} hfg] x'G5 . sIff % ;Dd k'Ubf Prospective view af6 ;d]t lrq agfpg ;Sg] ] x'G5g\ . To;}n] xfdLn] sIff ! df ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ snd ;dfpg] cEof; u/fpgsf nflu lsl/ld/L lrqaf6 lrq n]Vg ;'? u/]/ cGo lrqx¿ kl5 l;sfpg] sfd ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . lrqsnf l;sfpgsf nflu xfd|f] 3/df g} ;lhn} pknAw x'g] w]/}h;f] ;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u ug{ ;S5f} ― . lrqsnf ljifodf kf7\oqmd, kf7\k':ts, ;xof]uL k':tsx¿, sfuh, O/]h/, l;;fsnd, df6f], /ftf]df6f], sd]/f] df6f], a];f/, cª\uf/, k"mn, kft, s'rf], Kjf―v, /f} ―, sk8f, skf;, t'gf, l;;Lsf] lasf] {, l;;L, sfuhsf a§f, l;Gsf, 5]:sf, tf/, af―;sf rf]of, wfuf], l;of], cla/ cflb ;fdu|Lx¿sf] k|of]u u/fpg ;S5f}― . lrqsnf ljifo xfdLn] JolQmut tyf ;d"xut ¿kdf l;sfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . JolQmut ¿kdf snf l;h{gf ug{ nufp―bf JolQmut ?lr, Ifdtf, l;h{gzLntfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u u5{ . To:t} u/]/ ;d"xut ¿kdf lrqsnf tof/ ug{ nufp―bf ;d"xdf ldn]/ sfd ug] { afgL tyf ;Lksf] ljsf; x'g] x'G5 . 108
ljBfyL{x¿n] cfcfk\mgf] ;d"xut tyf JolQmut ¿kdf tof/ ul/Psf snfs[ltx¿ sIffsf]7fdf ;hfpg] / tL snfs[ltx¿sf] ljz]iftfsf af/]df cGo ;d"xsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ g} snfs[ltsf] k|z+;f ug{ nufpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . o; lqmofsnfkn] ubf{ k|z+;f ug] { ;Lksf] ljsf; x'G5 . ;fy} ljBfyL{ :jod\sf] cfTdljZjf;df j[l4 ug{sf nflu :jod\ lgld{t ;fdu|Lsf] j0f{g ug{ nufpg] . cGTodf, lrqsnf, x:tsnf ljifosf] d"Nofª\sg, cjnf]sg tyf k|of]ufTds k/LIffaf6 u/fpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . lsl/ld/L lrq (Scribble drawing) ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lsl/ld/L lrq l;sfp―bf sfkLdf cfk"mv';L /]vfx¿ sf]g{ nufpg' kb{5 . ljBfyL{x¿n] cfk"mv';L /]vf sf]g] { sfd ul/;s]kl5 To;sf] k|To]s sf]i7df ljleGg /ªx¿ eg{ nufpg' kb{5 . /ª egf{n] pgLx¿n] tof/ u/]sf lrq cfsif{s x'g'sf ;fy} lrq agfpg] OR5f klg hfu[t x'g] x'G5 . ;/n /]vf lrq ljleGg lsl;dsf cfs[lt j:t'x¿ x]/]/ jf sNkgf u/]/ ;/n /]vfaf6 tof/ ul/g] lrq ;/n /]vf lrq xf] . h:t} HofldtLo cfsf/x¿, kmnk"mn, k"mn, ?v, hgfj/, r/f tyf cfk"mnfO{ dg k/]sf j:t'x¿ . lrqx¿ tof/ eO;s]kl5 To;df kfgL /ª, k]lG;n /ª, q]mof]g, k|fs[lts /ª cflb pknAwtfsf cfwf/df /ª eg{ lbg] . /ª e/]kl5 lrq a9L cfsif{s x'g] x'―bf ljBfyL{ v';L eO{ lrq agfpg] OR5f hfu[t x'g] x'G5 . /ª (Color) s'g} klg j:t'df k|sfz kgf{;fy To;n] ls/0fnfO{ ;f]:g] x'G5 . To;kl5 ls/0f k/fjt{g x'G5 . dflg;n] j:t'nfO{ x]bf{ k/fjlt{t ls/0fnfO{ b]Vb5 . To;sf/0f dflg;n] ;f] k/fjlt{t ls/0fsf] /ªnfO{ g} To; j:t'sf] /ª eg]/ eGg] u5{g\ . oxf― xfdL b'O{ k|sf/sf /ªsf af/]df j0f{g ug] {5f} ― . != k|fylds /ª @= låtLo /ª kx] ―nf], lgnf] / /ftf] /ªnfO{ k|fylds /ª elgG5 eg] tL b'O{ k|fylds /ª ldnfP/ tof/ u/]sf] /ªnfO{ låtLo /ª eg]/ elgG5 . låtLo /ªdf k|fylds /ªx¿ kx] ―nf] / lgnf] ldn]/ xl/of] låtLo /ª aG5 . k|fylds /ª lgnf] / /ftf] ldn]/ KofhL /ª jG5 . To:t} u/]/ k|fylds /ª kx] ―nf] / /ftf] ldn]/ ;'Gtnf /ª cyf{t låtLo /ª aG5 . 5kfO (Printing) cfn', kft, xft, s/]nf, km;L{, d"nf, df6f], sf7 cflbsf ;txdf /ª kf]t]/ csf] { ;txdf cyf{t sfuh jf sk8fdf 5fKg] sfo{nfO{ 5kfO elgG5 . sIff ! sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ xft, sk8f, kft, af]/f jf v;|f] sfuh cflbsf ;txdf /ª kf]Tg lbg] / To;df 5fk csf] { sfuhsf] ;txdf 5fKg] sfo{ u/fpg' pko'Qm x'g] x'G5 . To:t} u/L k};fsf] 9\ofsdfly sfuh /fv]/ sfuhdfly sf]g] { sfdaf6 klg 5kfO ug{ ;lsG5 . To;kl5 lj:tf/} sIff @ b]lv cfn', d'nf, df6f] cflbdf rSs'n] sf6]/ ;fwf/0f a'§fx¿ sf]/L 5fk tof/ ug{ lbO{ ljleGg lsl;daf6 5kfO u/fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 . 109
- Page 63 and 64: 2……………… Teaching materi
- Page 65 and 66: Model Questions Short answer questi
- Page 67 and 68: � The contents given in the curri
- Page 69 and 70: table a man This is a book Use of f
- Page 71 and 72: ul0ft lzIf0f b}lgs Jojxf/ ;~rfng, c
- Page 73 and 74: � kf7\oqmd lzIf0fl;sfOsf] ;Dk"0f{
- Page 75 and 76: @ ;ª\Vof/]vf ln:6Lx¿, ;fOgk]g, vf
- Page 77 and 78: 7f]; cw{7f]; ;ª\s]t oL r/0fx¿dWo]
- Page 79 and 80: � of]hgfcg';f/ k|To]s r/0fsf] xn
- Page 81 and 82: ca, bf];|f] lrqsf] If]qkmn lgsfNg o
- Page 83 and 84: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ s_ tn lbOPsf k|Zgx¿s
- Page 85 and 86: � b'j} ;d"xdf ;femf ePsf ;b:onfO{
- Page 87 and 88: ljleGg ul0ftLo wf/0ff÷ljifoj:t'aLr
- Page 89 and 90: ;fdflhs cWoog / hg;ª\Vof tyf g}lts
- Page 91 and 92: 15= :yfgLo:t/df /x]sf cfly{s lqmofs
- Page 93 and 94: 8= 5'jf5't, cGwljZjf; / ;fdflhs s'/
- Page 95 and 96: 26= dxfåLk / dxf;fu/x¿sf] kl/ro 2
- Page 97 and 98: 2= cfk\mgf] ;f+:s[lts, ef}uf]lns, P
- Page 99 and 100: sIff - & 1= ;dfhsf] pTklQ / ljsf;qm
- Page 101 and 102: 22= Joj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf / Gofokf
- Page 103 and 104: 10= sfdcg';f/sf] kmn sIff - * 1= c;
- Page 105 and 106: 4= ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt JolQm, 3/ k
- Page 107 and 108: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ s_ 5f]6f] pQ/ cfpg] k
- Page 109 and 110: 'Mv si6 / cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ef]Ug' k/]
- Page 111 and 112: � kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] k|ltj]bgsf] 9
- Page 113: l;h{gfTds snf afnaflnsfx¿df /x]sf
- Page 117 and 118: a'gfO (Weaving) wfuf], sfuh jf rf]o
- Page 119 and 120: 5kfO sfo{ � xft jf xftsf cf} ―n
- Page 121 and 122: sfo{ RoftfO tyf s6fO . � sfuhnfO{
- Page 123 and 124: ;fwf/0f a'gfO 117
- Page 125 and 126: 115 :j/ cEof; ug] { tl/sf cEof; !M
- Page 127 and 128: 117 gfd . � tfndf tfnL ahfpg] cEo
- Page 129 and 130: gd'gf k|Zgx¿ -l;h{gfTds_ nfdf] pQ/
- Page 131 and 132: 5f]6f] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg @ sf] pQ/ snf
- Page 133 and 134: 123 :jf:Yo lzIff :jf:Yo dfgj hLjgsf
- Page 135 and 136: 125 ^= :jf:Yo ;]jf &= w"dkfg tyf nf
- Page 137 and 138: 127 &= w"dkfg tyf nfu"kbfy{ � :jf
- Page 139 and 140: { ljifoj:t''sf] If]q / qmd tflnsf I
- Page 141 and 142: 5= lszf]/fj:yf, of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:
- Page 143 and 144: 9= kfl/jfl/s / ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo 133
- Page 145 and 146: 135 zf/Ll/s lzIff zf/Ll/s lzIff - s
- Page 147 and 148: 137 kf7\oef/ ljt/0f tflnsf kf7\o Ps
- Page 149 and 150: 139 g;s]sf / :yfgLo rngdf /x]sf v]n
- Page 151 and 152: 141 4= 5ftL / 9f8sf] s;/t 5= hf]8Ld
- Page 153 and 154: ^= Pyn]l6S; 143 1= 5f]6f] bf}8 2= n
- Page 155 and 156: 145 { To:t} k"0ff{ª\s !) sf] zf/Ll
- Page 157 and 158: 147 lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f ljBfyL{df lj
- Page 159 and 160: k|ljlw nufpg], � ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf
- Page 161 and 162: jftfj/0f x|f; tyf o;sf] ;+/If0f jft
- Page 163 and 164: { ] � kl/of]hgf sfo{M ljBfyL{nfO{
cGtlg{lxt k|ltef k|:k'm6g u/fpg :jtGqtf lbg'kb{5 . afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ hlt a9L :jtGq eP/<br />
cEof; ug{ nufOG5 Tolt g} /fd|f] k|ult x'g] x'―bf<br />
k|of]ufTds ljlw g} ;a}eGbf pko'Qm x'G5 .<br />
o; ljifodf lgDglnlvt If]qx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ M<br />
s_ b[Zosnf M != /]vflrq @= /ª #= 5kfO sfo{ $= sf]nfh %= df6f]sf] sfd<br />
^= sfuh;DaGwL sfo{ &= lgdf{0f sfo{ *= a'gfO (= :yfgLo ljifoj:t'sf] c+z<br />
v_ ;ª\uLt M != ufog / jfbg @= g[To #= clego $= :yfgLo ljifoj:t'sf] c+z<br />
s_ b[Zosnf ( Visual Art)<br />
b[Zosnf ljwfnfO{ cleJolQmsf] Ps ;zQm dfWodsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . cfhsf] cfw'lgs<br />
o'udf o;sf] dxŒj Pjd\ pkof]lutf lbgfg'lbg a9\bf] 5 . b[Zosnfsf] ;Gbe{df afnlrqsf]<br />
dxŒj ckl/xfo{ 5 . afnaflnsfx¿sf] af}l4s ljsf; tyf pgLx¿df l;h{gzLntf, cGj]if0f<br />
tyf /rgfTds k|j[lQsf] ljsf; u/fpgsf nflu b[Zosnf Ps geO{ gx'g] ljifosf ¿kdf<br />
k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 .<br />
;fgf gfgLx¿ cIf/ cyjf zAb n]Vg hfGg' cufl8 :jefjtM 6]9fd]9f /]vfx¿ sf]g{ yfN5g\ .<br />
o;n] pgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s tyf af}l4s ljsf; ug{df lgs} 7"nf] ;xof]u ub{5 . ljBfyL{x¿df<br />
lglxt snf;DaGwL 1fgn] dflyNnf] txsf] k9fOnfO{ ;d]t ;3fpg'sf cltl/Qm pgLx¿sf]<br />
Jofjxfl/s hLjgdf klg o;n] 7"nf] dbt k'¥ofp―5 .<br />
lrqsnf (Drawing)<br />
lrqsnf ljifo l;sfpg] qmddf lrq n]Vg] sfd xfdL sIff Psaf6 g} ;'? ug'{<br />
k5{ . x'g t<br />
aRrfx¿n] b'O{ jif{sf] pd]/af6} sfkLdf lrq sf]/]/ n]Vg] sfd ul/;s]sf x'G5g\ .<br />
afnaflnsfx¿n] lrq lsl/ld/L /]vfOx¿ sf]/]/ agfpg] u5{g\ . To;kl5 lj:tf/} uf]nf], r]K6f]<br />
cflb cfs[ltx¿ sf]b} { pgLx¿df lrq n]Vg] ;Lksf] klg ljsf; x'―b}<br />
hfg] x'G5 . sIff % ;Dd k'Ubf<br />
Prospective <strong>view</strong> af6 ;d]t lrq agfpg ;Sg] ] x'G5g\ . To;}n] xfdLn] sIff ! df<br />
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ snd ;dfpg] cEof; u/fpgsf nflu lsl/ld/L lrqaf6 lrq n]Vg ;'? u/]/ cGo<br />
lrqx¿ kl5 l;sfpg] sfd ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . lrqsnf l;sfpgsf nflu xfd|f] 3/df g} ;lhn}<br />
pknAw x'g] w]/}h;f] ;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u ug{ ;S5f} ― . lrqsnf ljifodf kf7\oqmd, kf7\k':ts,<br />
;xof]uL k':tsx¿, sfuh, O/]h/, l;;fsnd, df6f], /ftf]df6f], sd]/f] df6f], a];f/, cª\uf/, k"mn,<br />
kft, s'rf], Kjf―v, /f} ―, sk8f, skf;, t'gf, l;;Lsf] lasf] {, l;;L, sfuhsf a§f, l;Gsf, 5]:sf,<br />
tf/, af―;sf rf]of, wfuf], l;of], cla/ cflb ;fdu|Lx¿sf] k|of]u u/fpg ;S5f}― .<br />
lrqsnf ljifo xfdLn] JolQmut tyf ;d"xut ¿kdf l;sfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . JolQmut ¿kdf snf<br />
l;h{gf ug{ nufp―bf JolQmut ?lr, Ifdtf, l;h{gzLntfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u u5{ . To:t} u/]/<br />
;d"xut ¿kdf lrqsnf tof/ ug{ nufp―bf ;d"xdf ldn]/ sfd ug] { afgL tyf ;Lksf] ljsf;<br />
x'g] x'G5 .<br />
108