view - National Center for Education Development

'Mv si6 / cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . oL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ lgDglnlvt pkfo
ckgfpg' kb{5 M
� hgr]tgf hufpg]
� ;a}nfO{ lzIffsf] cj;/ k|bfg ug] {
� dfgj a]rlavgdf ;+nUg JolQmx¿nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ s8f sfg'g agfpg] /
sfg'gcg';f/ sf/jfxL ug] {
� k|To]s ;d'bfodf /f]huf/sf cj;/ l;h{gf ug] {
� ljBfnosf] kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':tsdf dfgj a]rlavg / o;af6 aRg] pkfox¿
;d]tsf] ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ug] {
(= gS;f agfp―bf l;sfpg'kg] { ljlwx¿ af/] pQ/ n]Vg] tl/sf
� gS;f agfpg] k|To]s ljlwx¿ - 6« ]l;ª ljlw, 6]DKn]6 ljlw, sfa{gskL ljlw, u|flkms ljlw
/ :jtGq gS;f agfpg] (Free hand method) qmdzM n]vL pQm ljlwcg';f/ gS;f
agfpg] tl/sf n]Vg]
� pQm ljlwcg';f/ ljBfyL{nfO{ gS;f agfpg l;sfpg] tl/sf ;d]t 5f]6s/Ldf n]Vg]
!)= l;Gw'3f―6Lsf] ;Eotfn] dfgj ;Eotf ljsf;df k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgaf/] pQ/ n]Vg] tl/sf
l;Gw'3f―6Ldf ljsf; ePsf] dfgj ;Eotfsf af/]df tnsf] a'―bfx¿
g5'6\g] u/L n]Vg]
� l;Gw'3f―6Lsf] ;Eotf ljsf; ePsf] 7fp― - xfn sxf― k5{ < _
� ;Eotf ljsf; ePsf] ;do
� pQm ;Eotf ljsf;sf] qmddf kfOPsf tYox¿
� pQm ;Eotf ljsf;n] dfgj ;Eotf ljsf;df k'¥ofPsf of]ubfgx¿
� ;f+:s[lts kIf
� ;fdflhs kIf
� cfly{s kIf cflb
v_ nfdf] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zgsf] gd'gf pQ/
@= ;fdflhs cWoogdf ljz]if u/L u/]/ l;s (Learning by doing) kIfnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbOPsf]
5 . To;n] o; ljifodf ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t lzIf0f ljlwx¿ k|of]udf Nofpg'kb{5 . ;fdflhs
cWoog ljifodf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] s]xL ljlwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
c_ 5nkmn ljlw M b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L JolQm ;xefuL eO{ ul/g] s'/fsfgL tyf
cGtlq{mofnfO{ 5nkmn ljlw elgG5 . o;df lglZrt ljifoj:t'leq /x]/ ;d"xdf 5nkmn
u/fOG5 / cGTodf pQm 5nkmnaf6 s]xL pknlAw lgsflnG5 / ;a} ;fd' k|:t't
ul/G5 . 5nkmn ljlw klg ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[lt, ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof, sIffsf]7fsf] agf]6 /
103