view - National Center for Education Development

7= clego ljlw M ljz]if u/]/ tNnf sIffsf afnaflnsfsf nflu of] ljlw pQd dflgG5 .
;dfhdf /x]sf ljleGg rl/qx¿sf] clego u/fP/ of] ljlwsf] pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
;fdflhs cWoog, hg;ª\Vof lzIff / g}lts lzIffdf dfly pNn]lvt ljlwx¿sf ;fy} cGo
ljlwx¿ klg pkof]udf Nofpg ;lsG5 . syfjfrg, uLt÷sljtf jfrg, ;dfrf/, ljleGg
k|sf/sf lrq, gS;f, u|fkm agfpg], k|ltj]bg n]vg tyf k|:t'lt u/fpg] cflb u/fpg ;lsG5 .
s'g lzIf0f ljlw slxn] k|of]u ug] { eGg] ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[lt, afnaflnsfsf] pd]/, l;sfO:t/
cflbn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . cnucnu lzIf0f ljlw cnucnu ;dodf pkof]u ug'{eGbf
cfjZostfg';f/ Ps}k6sdf PseGbf a9L ljlwx¿sf] klg pkof]u ug{ ;s]df l;sfO k|efjsf/L
x'g ;S5 . oL ljifox¿df ;s];Dd ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t ljlwx¿sf] dfq pkof]udf Nofpg'kb{5 . u/]/
l;s (Learning by doing) kIfnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbg ;s]df ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO k|efjsf/L /
:yfoLTj x'G5 . s'g} klg kf7 lzIf0f ug{ 'eGbf klxn] To;sf] ;fdfGo ¿kdf eP klg of]hgf
lgdf{0f ug'{
h¿/L x'G5 . of]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{ lqmofsnfk u/fpg'sf] p2]Zo s]s] x'g], s]s] z}lIfs
;fdu|L cfjZos kg] {, s'gs'g ljlw k|of]u u/]/ lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug] {, lqmofsnfkkl5 s]s]
pknlAw k|fKt x'g] eGg] kIfnfO{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
;fdflhs cWoog, hg;ª\ \Vof lzIff / g}lts lzIffsf kf7\ok':tsx¿sf] lrgf/L
kf7\oqmd ljz]if u/]/ lzIfssf nflu ljsf; ul/Psf] x'G5 eg] kf7\ok':ts ljBfyL{sf nflu tof/
ul/Psf] x'G5 . kf7\ok':tsdf ljifoj:t'nfO{ ljBfyL{x¿n] a'e\mg] u/L ;/nLs/0f u/]/ k|:t't
ul/Psf] x'G5 . ljifoj:t'nfO{ a'e\mg ;lhnf] xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ljleGg lrq, u|fkm, rf6{, gS;f,
tl:j/ cflb klg kf7\ok':tsdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf x'G5g\ . kf7\ok':tsdf ljifoj:t';―u} lqmofsnfk
tyf cEof;x¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf x'G5g\ . tL cEof; tyf lqmofsnfk ug{ lzIfssf] cfjZostf
x'g ;S5 . kf7\ok':tsdf cEof; tyf lqmofsnfk gd'gfsf] ¿kdf dfq lbOPsfn] lzIfsn] yk
cEof;, lqmofsnfk, kl/of]hgf sfo{ cflb u/fpg' kb{5 .
cfwf/e"t tx - sIff !–* _ ;Ddsf] ;fdflhs cWoog / hg;ª\Vof lzIff tyf g}lts lzIffsf
kf7\ok':ts kf7\oqmdn] lgwf{/0f ul/Psf ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ tof/ ul/Psf 5g\ . sIff !
b]lv sIff % ;Dd ;fdflhs cWoog;―u l;h{gfTds snfnfO{ PsLs[t u/L kf7\ok':ts ljsf;
ul/Psf] 5 eg] sIf ^ b]lv sIff * ;Dd hg;ª\Vof lzIff ljifosf ljifoj:t' ;d]t ;dfof]hg
ul/Psf] 5 . sIff ^–* df g}lts lzIffsf] 5'§} kf7\ok':ts ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . tL kf7\ok':tssf
k|d'v ljz]iftf lgDgfg';f/ 5 M
1= ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt ljleGg 9f―rfdf ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} ;+jfb, k|aGw, syf, lr7L,
;dfrf/, k|ltj]bg, uLt, sljtf, u|fkm, rf6{, gS;f, lrq cflbsf] dfWodaf6 k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 .
2= ;fdflhs cWoogsf] k|To]s kf7 åLk[i7fTds k4ltdf k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ .
3= kf7\ok'
':tsdf /x]sf ljifoj:t' lrq, cEof;, lqmofsnfk cflbnfO{ ;s];Dd ;dfj]zL
kIfnfO{ Wofg lbPsf] 5 - n}ª\lus, hflt, If]qLo, ef}uf]lns, ;f+:s[lts kIf cflb _ .
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