BASEL-STADT: 4 PRoPoSALS - ETH Basel
BASEL-STADT: 4 PRoPoSALS - ETH Basel
BASEL-STADT: 4 PRoPoSALS - ETH Basel
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– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – <strong>Basel</strong>-Stadt –<br />
– 506 – – 507 –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt:<br />
4 ProPosals<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
SURVEY<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-Stadt<br />
area: 3705 ha<br />
population: 192416 inhabitants<br />
agricultural area: 484 ha<br />
5193.4 inhabitants/km 2<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – <strong>Basel</strong>-Stadt –<br />
0<br />
10<br />
50 km<br />
grains<br />
potatoes<br />
sugar<br />
pulses +nuts<br />
vegetables<br />
fruits<br />
pork<br />
beef<br />
chicken<br />
fish<br />
eggs<br />
milk, - prod.<br />
– 508 – – 509 –<br />
0il<br />
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%<br />
annual food production in % of Metrobasel’s demand<br />
Contribution to Metrobasel<br />
1.4% 20.9% 0.4%<br />
DRAFT<br />
area population agricultural land<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 510 – – 511 –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt:<br />
CItY CORe<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
<strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Contemporary City Institute<br />
Florentin Zellweger<br />
Prof. Jacques Herzog, Prof. Pierre de Meuron<br />
lisa euler, Manuel Herz, Charlotte von Moos,<br />
shadi Rahbaran<br />
spring semester 2012<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt:<br />
CItY CORe<br />
INtROdUCtION<br />
Abstract<br />
CItY CeNtRe<br />
The Inner City<br />
„Platzkette“<br />
Market Square<br />
Fish Market / Spiegelgasse<br />
Schifflände<br />
ReFeReNCes<br />
Structures<br />
Borough Food Market<br />
Selected Projects and Proposals<br />
MaRKet sQUaRe(s)<br />
Project Development<br />
– 512 – – 513 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
INtROdUCtION<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
“Wherever food markets survive, they bring a quality to urban life, that is all too rare in the West: a<br />
sense of belonging, engagement, character. they connect us to an ancient sort of public life. People<br />
have always come to markets in order to socialise as well as to buy food, and the need for such<br />
spaces in which to mingle is as great now as it has ever been - arguably greater, since so few such<br />
opportunities exist in modern life.”<br />
– 514 – – 515 –<br />
-Carolyn steele (“Hungry City”, p. 111)<br />
DRAFT<br />
Pieter Bruegel the Older: “Der Kampf zwischen Karneval © und <strong>ETH</strong> Fasten”, 1559 Studio (http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/) <strong>Basel</strong>
Abstract<br />
The perimeter of the historic centre includes the “Altstadt“<br />
Grossbasel and Kleinbasel, which are connected through the<br />
“Mittlere Rheinbrücke“. Today the Altstadt Grossbasel occupies<br />
a total of 37,20 ha with 2 033 * people living in the old town,<br />
resulting in a housing density of 79,7 Pers. per ha * .<br />
The city centre is dominated by social activities and<br />
administration. Thematic clusters and concentrations<br />
become eminent for example, by looking at Barfüsserplatz as<br />
a gastronomic hot-spot and public transport hub, Freie Strasse<br />
as an amusement and shopping area and Claragraben with<br />
it’s gastronomy clusters, connecting to the Rhine promenade.<br />
The site around the market square however seems like a kind<br />
of “gap“ within these public spaces and thematic clusters<br />
aligning themselves along the main axis through the inner<br />
city. Schifflände and Fischmarkt are presently fully occupied<br />
by traffic, and the market square has no amenity values<br />
beyond it’s reduced function as a food market.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
Constantin Guise: “Fischmarkt mit Figurenbrunnen“, 1380 (ARCHITEKTURFÜHRER <strong>BASEL</strong>. Die Baugeschichte der Stadt und ihrer Umgebung, p.44)<br />
Never the less, Schifflände is the most central location<br />
within the city, once the “entrance” to <strong>Basel</strong>, as it constituted<br />
the main connection to the world, marking the biggest asset of<br />
historic Basle: the first economically important bridge to cross<br />
the rhine. Historicly speaking the situation, as an entrance of<br />
delivery and distribution, signifies the interaction of food and<br />
the inner city structure.<br />
Nowadays the situation around Schifflände, Fischmarkt and<br />
the market square lacks spatial quality and possibility, public<br />
transport has occupied all public space, resulting in a thematic<br />
reduction to traffic. By optimising the food market and<br />
concentrating “food-shopping“ in the heart of the centre,<br />
the idea is to use the topic of food and the idea of the market<br />
as a sort of “catalyst“ to restructure and revitalise the centre<br />
and give a new meaning to the situation, by reinventing the<br />
historical market spaces and their connection to the Birsig and<br />
the Rhine.<br />
( * Status end of 2010, Statistisches Jahrbuch Kanton <strong>Basel</strong>-Stadt 2011.)<br />
– 516 – – 517 –<br />
M. Jakob Meyer: “Prospect des Kornmarkts zu <strong>Basel</strong>“, 1651 (<strong>BASEL</strong>, Geschichte einer städtischen Gesellschaft, p.123)<br />
DRAFT<br />
Execution of the leaders of the urban riot of 1691 (Author unknown), around 1700 (<strong>BASEL</strong>, Geschichte einer städtischen Gesellschaft, p.136)<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
CItY CeNtRe<br />
the first celtic settlements along the rhine date back to the 5.century BC. the development of<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> has always been influenced by the significance of being the first (actually second: the first<br />
bridge was in Rheinfelden, built probably sometime between 1155 and 1165 by duke Berthold IV of<br />
Zähringen.), and for a long time the only connection between northern and southern europe. the<br />
“Mittlere Rheinbrücke” was built in 1225 by bishop Heinrich von thun and to secure the bridge,<br />
Kleinbasel was founded.<br />
Between trade and travel <strong>Basel</strong> has developed into a metropolitan city spreading over three countries,<br />
forming the trinational region of Metro <strong>Basel</strong>. the main element remains the rhine, as a constant<br />
urban reference, signifying an event in itself.<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> has an astonishing diversity in food products and gastronomy, as the town has always been<br />
influenced by a vast range of different perspectives. With more than five hundred registered restaurants,<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt (primarily the inner city) shows the highest gastronomic density in the area of Metro<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>. Besides gastronomy, food shopping is an important topic of the city centre. apart from bigger<br />
food shops, the market square remains a destination for food shoppers with special requests.<br />
– 518 – – 519 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Schifflände Studio (“WURSTISEN. Basler <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Chronick”, p.3)
The Inner City<br />
Leisure activities dominate the city centre. Housing has<br />
been reduced to very specific high standard sites. The city<br />
centre structures itself around the socialising factor and<br />
central attractions, illustrated by the range of shopping<br />
offers, gastronomy, cultural activities and possibilities,<br />
most of which “only“ take place in the city centre. Events<br />
spreading over the city centre and along the rhine, such as<br />
the “Floss“, “Chill am rhy“ or the “Fasnacht“ bring live and<br />
themes to public spaces. All activities and topics seem to be<br />
concentrating themselves along a distinct “path” through<br />
the city, connecting <strong>Basel</strong> SBB with Badischer Bahnhof: from<br />
the cultural site of Theater and Kunsthalle to Barfüsserplatz<br />
and Steinenvorstadt with a very high concentration around<br />
gastronomy and some shopping opportunities. Freie Strasse<br />
and Gerbergasse, the “main” shopping streets lead to<br />
the market square, where a small daily food market takes<br />
place. The market square seems empty, offering no spatial<br />
qualities for people to spend time and around the Markthof,<br />
Fischmarkt and Schifflände have been spatialy reduced<br />
to traffic and completely cut off from the historic urban<br />
structure around Spalenberg by the Spiegelhof-building. The<br />
Mittlere Rheinbrücke leads to Claragraben with Rheingasse<br />
and Klingental, where gastronomy grows very dense<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
Schneidergasse: “Hasenburg“, next to Imbergasse (originally named “Ingwergässlein“ because of spice trading) and<br />
Andreasplatz, a former market space. “Gifthüttli“ on the right was the first restaurant in <strong>Basel</strong> to serve both wine and beer.<br />
again, especially along the rhine. Restaurant “Lällekönig“<br />
at Schifflände has existed for over 200 years and today still<br />
sticks his tongue out to Kleinbasel, symbolising the historic<br />
significance of the site. After Claraplatz, Clarastrasse connects<br />
the exhibition square with Badischer Bahnhof.<br />
Basle always fed itself through it’s Hinterland: farmers came<br />
to the town centre to sell their produce. As a commercial city<br />
the element of travel was very important for it’s development.<br />
Schifflände establishes the situation where the topic of food<br />
and the city centre historicly come together: as a “deliveryspot<br />
and entrancepoint“. Food was brought to <strong>Basel</strong> over the<br />
Rhine and the Mittlere Brücke and from Schifflände it<br />
was distributed to all market spaces along the Birsig.<br />
The Birsig flowing through the inner city and finally in to the<br />
Rhine, just under the site of Schifflände was open until 1899<br />
and separated the historic city: todays Falknerstrasse didn’t<br />
exist as can be seen on the following plans. There has never<br />
really been food production within the historic city walls.<br />
Food was traditionally influenced by Germany and France<br />
(Markgräflerland, Baden, Sundgau, Elsass), which is also the<br />
reason why there is no real “<strong>Basel</strong> cuisine“.<br />
– 520 – – 521 –<br />
Unterer Rheinweg: “Mittlere Rheinbrücke“ and Schifflände seen from Kleinbasel<br />
DRAFT<br />
Market square: Market on a Tuesday<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Sebastian Münster: <strong>Basel</strong> seen from the northwest, 1544 (<strong>BASEL</strong>, Geschichte einer städtischen Gesellschaft, p.81)<br />
Matthäus Merian: the historic city supplying itself, no food production taking place in the city centre, 1615<br />
(ARCHITEKTURFÜHRER <strong>BASEL</strong>. Die Baugeschichte der Stadt und ihrer Umgebung, p.44)<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 522 – – 523 –<br />
Overlay “Löffelplan” (Johann Heinrich Löffel, 1857-59) with a satellite image: open Birsig running through the city<br />
DRAFT<br />
Schifflände today (Bing maps)<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
CLARAGRABEN: High GASTRONOMY presence and the rhine bord Kleinbasel as the most popular public space<br />
FISH MARKET / SCHIFFLÄNDE: Mostly dominated by public TRANSPORT<br />
MARKET SQUARE: Surrounded by traffic, the market square has rather poor spatial qualities: less gastronomy but a<br />
daily MARKET with fresh products, although very small in terms of product range and clientel<br />
FREIE STRASSE / GERBERGASSE: Gastronomy and main “SHOPPING street”<br />
BARFÜSSERPLATZ: High GASTRONOMY presence and public transport hub<br />
Petersplatz<br />
Marktplatz<br />
DRAFT<br />
“Innerstadt” (perimeter within the historic city walls): public spaces along a distinct “path“ leading through the city centre<br />
THEATRE<br />
– 524 – – 525 –<br />
Lohnhof<br />
Kaserne<br />
Münsterplatz<br />
Barfüsserplatz<br />
Theater<br />
Claraplatz<br />
Rheinpromenade Kleinbasel<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> SBB<br />
Claramatte<br />
Badischer Bahnhof<br />
Messe<br />
KASERNE<br />
RHINE BORD<br />
PETERSPLATZ<br />
MARKET SQUARE<br />
MÜNSTERPLATZ<br />
BARFÜSSERPLATZ<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
FOOD MARKET<br />
FOOD SHOPPING<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 526 – – 527 –<br />
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DRAFT<br />
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GASTRONOMY Food around the market square and Schifflände (scale 1:2000)<br />
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Food Market<br />
Food Shopping<br />
Gastronomy<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
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“Platzkette“<br />
The public spaces market square, Fischmarkt and Schifflände<br />
read like a chain aligning themselves along the underground<br />
Birsig. For practical reasons, such as sanitation and waste the<br />
Birsig was the main “vessel“ of <strong>Basel</strong> and the development<br />
of it’s market spaces: <strong>Basel</strong> was structured along the Birsig<br />
between the hills “Münsterberg”, where the first roman<br />
fortification was built and the “Spalenberg“. The position in<br />
the “Rheinknie“ was always of high strategic value and the<br />
Mittlere Rheinbrücke for a long time the only connection over<br />
the Rhine. Nowadays there still is a “Coop Fischmarkt“ as a<br />
reminder of what once was an important market site. Big food<br />
shops, such as Globus, situated at the north-east corner of the<br />
market square, are trying to vitalise the market feeling through<br />
open air vendors and classic market stalls. Gastronomy is not<br />
as strongly articulated as in Claragraben or Barfüsserplatz, food<br />
shopping however seems to be concentrated in the area, but<br />
also spreads to Claragraben and into Freie Strasse. However<br />
there are no spatial qualities to stay and enjoy the public<br />
spaces: in the evening the site is deserted, apart from traffic,<br />
since Schifflände is a key situation of public transport leading<br />
over the bridge. Apart from traffic Fischmarkt and Schifflände<br />
have no topics and no real infrastructure or possibilities for<br />
activities to develop. The market square, spatially unsuccessful<br />
has been functionally reduced to a minimalistic food market<br />
with little product variety and specific, mostly high standard<br />
clientel: the market square is “empty“. The main drawback is<br />
again traffic, mainly dominated by trams, it fully surrounds the<br />
area, making it more of an undefined space than a square. The<br />
Rathaus and it’s political and symbolic significance leaves only<br />
a history to the market square: historicly occupied by different<br />
usages and different meanings, it has always been a centre,<br />
which nowadays has been decentralised. The overall unprecise<br />
proportions of the public spaces and therefore disfunctional<br />
spatial relations, the site doesn’t feel appealing and doesn’t<br />
get used and lived as the public space it could be. In 1900 the<br />
tram connection between the market square and Schifflände<br />
was built. It was not until 1903 that all inner city tram lines<br />
crossed Fischmark. In 1937 the west wing of the “Börse“<br />
(3) has been demolished together with all the historic city<br />
structure between Blumenrain and Petersberg to build a strait<br />
railway through the inner city, which luckily has never been<br />
realised. Blumenrain coming down along the Trois Rois got it’s<br />
name from the flower market happening north of Fischmarkt,<br />
which has been destroyed due to the forementioned project<br />
“Talentlastungsstrasse“.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
“Markthof”, 1895 (“Der Basler Arbeitsrappen”, p. 161) (1)<br />
Market Square, 1900 (http://www.g-st.ch/trambasel/)<br />
“Schifflände”, 1905 (http://www.g-st.ch/trambasel/) (2)<br />
“Börse”, 1906 (Bischoff/Weideli) (http://www.g-st.ch/trambasel/) (3)<br />
© Grundbuch und Vermessungsamt | www.gva.bs.ch www.stadtplan.bs.ch<br />
Dieser Planausdruck hat nur informativen Charakter Ausdruck vom 28. März 2012<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Fischmarkt, 1929 (<strong>BASEL</strong>, Geschichte einer städtischen Gesellschaft, S.237)<br />
– 528 – – 529 –<br />
1857-59 (http://www.stadtplan.bs.ch/) 1872-82<br />
DRAFT<br />
1900 1940
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
From the left: “Zum Tanz“, 1909 (Romand/Bernoulli) (5); 1914/15 (Hans Bernoulli) (6); “Zur St. Ursula“, 1909 (Eduard<br />
Pfrunder) (7) and the situation today (“Basler Bauten 1860-1910”, p. 23)<br />
“Fischmarkt“, around 1900 (http://www.g-st.ch/trambasel/) and today (4)<br />
Market Square, 1910 (http://www.g-st.ch/trambasel/) and today<br />
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– 530 – – 531 –<br />
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Birsig<br />
Situation (Scale 1:2000) with a total perimeter of 18 320 m ���������������<br />
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2 ,<br />
“Platzkette“: Marktplatz (approx. 5717 m2 ), Fischmarkt (approx. 1659 m2 ) and Schifflände (approx. 1717 m2 DRAFT<br />
) (scale 1:2000)<br />
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Market Square<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
The market square originally was a centre of everyday social In 1356 it was totally destroyed by the earthquake, in it’s<br />
life and culture. Next to the remaining use as a space of trade stead the new Rathaus, a “palace of rulers“, was rebuilt. After<br />
and economy, it was and still is the secular govermental Basles joining with the union of the “Eidgenossen”, in 1501,<br />
center with the Rathaus, where news, discussions and even the Rathaus was rebuilt yet again, a part of which still exists<br />
executions took place.<br />
in todays building.<br />
Until probably 1260 the market square was divided in two The “Kornmarkt“ was also Basles place of justice. In front<br />
by the Birsig, and originally called “Kornmarkt”. Here Basle’s of the courthouse, “Haus zum Pfauenberg“, there was a<br />
citizens met and did daily business. Up to the 15. century only heavy flat stone, the so called “heisser Stein“. There political<br />
grain, wine, wood, hay and straw were traded, whereas criminals were sentenced to death, inflammatory papers were<br />
fruit, vegetables, eggs, butter and poultry were traded burnt and compulsory auctions were held.<br />
on the Münsterplatz. The houses surrounding the square all 1887-1891 it was decided to open up the 2360 m<br />
had turn-down shutters on the ground floor windows, making<br />
them into shop window counters, through and on which local<br />
traders sold their produce, cooked meats, sausages, herings,<br />
poultry, tripe and gingerbread.<br />
Since 1290 the Rathaus (“Richthaus”), on the corner to<br />
Sporengasse, also defined the govermental center of Basle. Market Square today<br />
2<br />
“Kornmarktplatz”, and so all the houses between the market<br />
square - Marktgasse - Stadthausgasse - Sporengasse<br />
were torn down. As the town hall stood openly the market<br />
had considerably more operating space. In 1895 the place<br />
was opened up to tram traffic and in 1908 it was completely<br />
leveled out.<br />
DRAFT<br />
– 532 – – 533 –<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Fish Market / Spiegelgasse<br />
As the name says, fish were sold on the Fish Market. There<br />
was a law in 1623 stating that it was illegal to sell fish longer<br />
than three hours after their death. After three hours they<br />
were sold in the so called “Schelmenbank“ to poor people.<br />
To keep the fish fresh for as long as possible, they were<br />
kept alive in cages which were hung in the fountain. After<br />
sundown the tail fins of unsold salmon were hacked off under<br />
the supervision of the “Fischbeschauer“, so everyone knew it<br />
wasn’t fresh anymore and unfit to be sold.<br />
Those who couldn’t afford to buy fish, were allowed to fish<br />
for personal use in the Rhine. It wasn’t until 1526 that a law<br />
against privat fishing in the Rhine was issued by punishment<br />
of either a fine or loosing an eye.<br />
The beginning of the 20. century brought change: tram traffic<br />
was intensified and in 1937 a railway leading through the city<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
centre was planned. Spiegelgasse marks the beginning of that<br />
railway, which has never been finished.<br />
Because of public transport the fish market has no real market<br />
function anymore and traffic has become the dominating<br />
element (“Storchen“ parking).<br />
Interesting is the fact that Migros and Coop (“Fischmarkt“) are<br />
selling their flowers onto the site of the Fish market.<br />
– 534 – – 535 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
Fish market today<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Schifflände<br />
The Schifflände is the oldest port of Basle and a square of<br />
the “Grossbasler Altstadt”. The guild “Zu Schiffleuten“ was<br />
founded in 1354 and had their headquarters there. The square<br />
lies on the left of the Rhine by the “Mittlere Rheinbrücke”,<br />
right where the “Rheintor” - probably built by Bishop Heinrich<br />
von Thun in 1225/26 - as part of the old town wall, was.<br />
The “Rheintor” was torn down in 1839, when it became a<br />
hindrance to traffic. A new trade route was established. From<br />
then on all merchandise from the south, coming over the<br />
alps to the north and vice versa, had to cross the Rhine.<br />
Because of their well founded connections, the Basle<br />
bishops saw to it, that all trade kept to that route, and so<br />
they and the town flourished commercially. The foundation<br />
to a rich commercial center was laid.<br />
There are only few buildings that proved as important for the<br />
fate of Basle as was the bridge over the Rhine.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
Nowadays the initial function as a harbour has passed<br />
although the site still marks an important situation for<br />
public transport.<br />
– 536 – – 537 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
Schifflände today<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
ReFeReNCes<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
DRAFT<br />
La Rambla, Barcelona (http://ferienwohnung-barcelona.perfecttravelblog.com/) “Basarraum” (possibly “souk” in the medina of Marrakech) (SHOP. the capital of social space 2, p.54)<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
– 538 – – 539 –
Location<br />
Market Square, <strong>Basel</strong><br />
(today around 1800 m2 )<br />
Small daily market<br />
Public transport<br />
Open public space with market stalls<br />
Market Square / Baslerstrasse, Lörrach<br />
(around 1500 m2 ):<br />
Big weekly market<br />
Separated from public transport<br />
Green public space<br />
(http://cooketteria.blogspot.com/)<br />
Union Square, New York<br />
(around 22 400 m2 ):<br />
Big weekly market<br />
Public ransport hub (underground)<br />
Green public space with market stalls<br />
Structures<br />
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
Different public spaces and markets in comparison regarding size and structure: from open city squares (which are often used<br />
as market spaces) to completely closed structures, such as the big market halls in Torino.<br />
100 m<br />
Borough Market, London<br />
(around 11 500 m2 ):<br />
Permanent food market and gastronomy hot-spot<br />
Separated from public ransport (hub)<br />
Open and closed spaces, market hall with stalls<br />
(http://visitbritainnordic.wordpress.com/)<br />
Porta Palazzo, Torino<br />
(around 41 600 m2 ):<br />
Big weekly food market<br />
Separated from public transport<br />
Open and closed spaces, stalls and big market halls<br />
(http://www.arte.it/luogo/)<br />
Jamaa El Fna, Marrakech<br />
(around 59 000 m2 ):<br />
Permanent market and gastronomy, direct connection to other public spaces<br />
No public transport<br />
Big open public space with open and enclosed stalls<br />
(http://www.flickriver.com/)<br />
– 540 – – 541 –<br />
100 m<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
Location and map of Borough Market London: Market stalls, Gastronomy and Drinks (http://www.boroughmarket.org.uk/)<br />
Borough Food Market<br />
- Knowledge, Service, Traceability<br />
- Handy for all your food shopping<br />
Borough Market – the only fully independent market in<br />
London – is owned by a charitable trust, The Borough Market<br />
(Southwark), run by a board of volunteer trustees.<br />
“What Borough offers is an experience; an echo, for those<br />
who can afford it, of the excitement that food markets<br />
once brought to the cities. Borough is not about buying<br />
food at all, it is about celebrating it.“<br />
- Carolyn Steel (“Hungry City”, p.107)<br />
Since roman times there has been trading at the site of todays<br />
Borough Market: as far back as 1014, London Bridge attracted<br />
traders selling grain, fish, vegetables and livestock.<br />
In the 13th century traders were relocated to what is now<br />
Borough High Street and a market has existed there ever<br />
since.<br />
In 1755, the market was closed by Parliament, but a group of<br />
Southwark residents bought a patch of land known locally as<br />
The Triangle and reopened the market.<br />
Today the market still feeds this core community and has<br />
grown to over 130 individual stalls. Alongside the original<br />
fruit, vegetables, bakers and butchers it now offers a huge<br />
variety of produce.<br />
Borough market is located in Southwark, south of the tames<br />
river by the London bridge connecting it to the City of London.<br />
It is accessible by bus, train and metro (Borough / London<br />
Bridge). The market is open to all sides, the main entrance<br />
is at Southwark Street.<br />
Opening hours are Thursdays 11am - 5pm, Fridays 12pm - 6pm<br />
and Saturdays 8am - 5pm. The shops that surround the Market<br />
open on additional days and a few select Stands in the Middle<br />
Row Market are also open on Tuesdays and Wednesdays.<br />
– 542 – – 543 –<br />
Shoppers at Borough Market: spatial tension between inside and outside (http://www.asliceofcherrypie.com/)<br />
DRAFT<br />
Different structures overlap and varios unique places within the market emerge offer their culinary emphases<br />
(http://www.berkeleyhr.com/)<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Selected Projects and Proposals<br />
Several proposals, projects and developments have affected<br />
or will possibly affect the situation between the market square<br />
and Schifflände over time:<br />
In 1899 the architect F. Keck proposed the construction of a<br />
public townhall on the rhine, combining different functions<br />
on the Mittlere Rheinbrücke. Students of Studio <strong>Basel</strong> later<br />
used that idea to develop a project enlarging the Mittlere<br />
Rheinbrücke and creating a central city square.<br />
The transformation of Spiegel- and Petersgasse with the<br />
buildings “Storchen” and “Spiegelhof” are a partial result<br />
of the project “Talentlastungsstrasse“: Right through<br />
the “Altstadt” the state wanted to build the multi-track<br />
“Talentlastungsstrasse”, which would have lead through<br />
Spiegel-, Schneider- and Münzgasse as well as Gerbergässlein<br />
to Barfüsserplatz and further through Steinenvorstadt.<br />
In 1936 the building of “Spiegelhof” was sanctioned, which<br />
lead to the demolition of the medieval urban structure around<br />
Petersberg and Spiegelgasse. Therefore also part of the<br />
“Börse“ was torn down to make room for the railway. The new<br />
Spiegelgasse contained a new tram track to discharge the<br />
traffic situation at Schifflände, which was taken in operation in<br />
1938. In the early nineteensixties the second track leading from<br />
Schifflände to Blumenrain was removed and a curved track<br />
from Fischmarkt to Marktgasse as well as a direct connection<br />
between the bridge and Blumenrain were introduced.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
Studio <strong>Basel</strong> (Lea Gnöpf/Charlotte von Moos): Introduction of a central Square on the rhine by enlarging the bridge<br />
(http://www.sautervonmoos.com/)<br />
“Herzstück Regio-S-Bahn” proposes a new train connection<br />
between the three stations <strong>Basel</strong> SBB Badischer Bahnhof and<br />
later St. Johann. The five S-Bahn lines S1, S3, S4, S5 and S6<br />
should be combined and arrive at “Herzstück“ every seven<br />
minutes. The specification “Mitte“ combines the S-Bahn lines<br />
from north-western Switzerland and south Baden under the<br />
city center of Basle. The centers of Gross- and Keinbasel<br />
should each be serviced by an intermediate station. The total<br />
costs are about 1.2 to 1.5 billion CHF.<br />
The current “Richtplan <strong>Basel</strong>-Stadt” claims the city centre<br />
of Basle to be a cultural centre on a european level, a “social<br />
space of experience and leisure”. Centrality slowly loosing<br />
it’s significance and customer loss on the other hand show<br />
the need for improvement: to preserve and develop the<br />
mutifunctional space of the inner city and possibly distinguish<br />
between thematical clusters (e.g. “Boulevard, terrace and<br />
garden restaurants“), are some of the mentioned goals. In<br />
terms of traffic the aim is to expand and link pedestrian walks,<br />
improve accessibility in public transport and at the same time<br />
minimize traffic loads and hazards.<br />
“Through a vitalising mixture of shops and gastronomy,<br />
as well as leisure and culture facilities the centres of Basle<br />
and Riehen should promote the regional charisma.”<br />
(http://www.richtplan.bs.ch/)<br />
– 544 – – 545 –<br />
Development of public transportation between 1895 and 1938: Total occupation of “Fischmarkt“ by traffic<br />
(http://www.g-st.ch/trambasel/)<br />
DRAFT<br />
Regio S-Bahn “Herzstück”: Possible track management proposal “Mitte”(http://www.herzstueck-basel.ch/)<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
MaRKet sQUaRe(s)<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 546 – – 547 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
Pieter Bruegel the Older: “Die Parabel © <strong>ETH</strong> von den Blinden” Studio (http://www.elefantartspace.de/) <strong>Basel</strong>
Project Development<br />
With a total perimeter of 18 320 m 2 the site in Basle is about<br />
7000 m 2 bigger than Borough Market in London, allthough<br />
the actually possible market space probably comes down<br />
to only 7000 m2 . The topics of water (opening the Birsig<br />
and connecting to the Rhine) and traffic (include the S-Bahn<br />
station “Herzstück“) are essential to any functioning market<br />
structure and are historicly linked to the sites significance and<br />
development. Taking reference to the current “Richtplan“ the<br />
aim is to improve the spatial conditions of the city core<br />
and reinvent the historic market spaces by creating a<br />
sort of “food village“ with different places and different<br />
thematical aspects: The goal is to optimise the traffic<br />
situation, recreate and improve a “chain of public spaces”<br />
and closing the thematic gap by amplifying the market<br />
function. The market square should be transformed into the<br />
first “City Park“, as a new central leisure zone and gastronomy<br />
hot-spot, taking advantage of the existing infrastructure and<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
Different squares connected to different axes<br />
adding to it new possibilities to use the space. To improve<br />
the spatial conditions the square has to be separated from<br />
traffic space and given some sort of landscape to recreate the<br />
illusion of a topography. A pedestrian “Boulevard“ along the<br />
open Birsig leads through the different city spaces with their<br />
emphases. The Fischmarkt shall be the new flower market and<br />
by demolishing the existing “Spiegelhof“ get enriched by a<br />
big public flight of steps, leading to Petersplatz and directly be<br />
connected to a new open “Spiegelhof“, hosting a “Central Food<br />
Market“ with different food shopping typologies, restaurants<br />
and a terrace bar. “Spiegelhof“ itself will be connected to<br />
Schifflände through an archway: Since the traditional function<br />
of Schifflände as a logistics point is no longer present the site<br />
will be turned into a big topographic stairway leading onto<br />
DRAFT<br />
the Rhine, spatially connecting to Drei König Weglein and the<br />
“Untere Pfalz“ or even “Wettsteinbrücke”, as a reflection of<br />
the Kleinbasel Rhine promenade. Status Quo (scale 1:2000)<br />
– 548 – – 549 –<br />
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– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
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Public spaces: open Birsig with pedestrian walk around the new squares (1:2000)<br />
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– 554 – – 555 –<br />
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Pedestrian Level:<br />
S-Bahn Station “Spiegelhof“<br />
Food Market “Spiegelhof“<br />
New Market (infrastrucutre)<br />
Flower Market “Fischmarkt“ with<br />
Food Shopping “Storchen / Pfauen”<br />
Leisure Spaces<br />
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Kellergässlein: in the back the axis continues to pass Peterskirche and reach Petersplatz with the university<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
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– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
2<br />
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BAR / GASTRONOMY<br />
ADMINISTRATION<br />
ADMINISTRATION<br />
SHOPPING / GASTRONOMY<br />
FOOD MARKET / SHOPPING<br />
BIRS (2-3 m)<br />
RHINE (5-6 m)<br />
S-BAHN (25-45 m)<br />
– 556 – – 557 –<br />
����������������<br />
1<br />
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1 “Schifflände“: RHINE PIAZZA<br />
Leisure<br />
2 “Spiegelhof” I: S-BAHN<br />
Transport Hub<br />
Food Market<br />
3 “Spiegelhof“ II: CENTRAL MARKET(S)<br />
Food Market<br />
Food Shopping<br />
Gastronomy<br />
4 “Fish Market”: CENTRAL MARKET(S)<br />
Flower Market<br />
Food Shopping<br />
Gastronomy<br />
5 “Market Square“: CENTRAL PARK<br />
Leisure<br />
Gastronomy<br />
New “SPIEGELHOF”:<br />
First Floor:<br />
Gastronomy<br />
Connecting open Terrace<br />
Food Shopping<br />
Gastronomy Terrace<br />
(Second/Third Floor:<br />
Administration)<br />
Fourth Floor / Roof Terrace:<br />
Bar and Restaurants<br />
DRAFT<br />
“Spiegelhof“: Possible distribution of functions (floor plans scale 1:5000, section not in scale)<br />
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© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 558 – – 559 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio Market <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Square today
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
DRAFT<br />
Trees separating public transportation from a new gastronomy and leisure zone, © cutting <strong>ETH</strong> out noise Studio and creating a new <strong>Basel</strong> atmosphere<br />
– 560 – – 561 –
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 562 – – 563 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio Fish <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Market today
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 564 – – 565 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
A new flower market with food shopping opportunities (e.g. © “Storchen”), <strong>ETH</strong> no Studio public transport <strong>Basel</strong><br />
on the square
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 566 – – 567 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio Marktgasse <strong>Basel</strong> today
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 568 – – 569 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
An open Birsig and new © pedestrian <strong>ETH</strong> “Boulevard“ Studio leading <strong>Basel</strong><br />
to Schifflände
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 570 – – 571 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio Spiegelgasse / Spiegelhof <strong>Basel</strong> today
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – City Core: Central Market –<br />
– 572 – – 573 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
New “Spiegelhof“ with S-Bahn station, open © food <strong>ETH</strong> market, Studio food shopping and <strong>Basel</strong> gastronomy
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
– 574 – – 575 –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt: KlYBeCK<br />
Island HerB HarBor<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
<strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Contemporary City Institute<br />
Yifei Wang<br />
Prof. Jacques Herzog, Prof. Pierre de Meuron<br />
lisa euler, Manuel Herz, Charlotte von Moos,<br />
shadi rahbaran<br />
spring semester 2012<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt: KlYBeCK<br />
Island HerB HarBor<br />
IntroductIon<br />
Location in <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Transformation of Klybeck Island<br />
Site Photos<br />
Ongoing Projects<br />
PotentIal as InterIm urban Garden?<br />
urban cultIVatIon oF Herb<br />
Introduction<br />
Species Study<br />
Container as Cultivation Method<br />
Herb Harbor<br />
Strategies<br />
Masterplan<br />
Seasonal Scenarios<br />
Yield and Economic Value<br />
Beyond the Yield<br />
Urban Character and Popularization<br />
– 576 – – 577 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
IntroductIon<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
– 578 – – 579 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Location in <strong>Basel</strong><br />
The site (marked with red background) is Klybeck Island.<br />
It locates by the Rhine and near to the trinational border<br />
and belongs to Klybeck Quatier in <strong>Basel</strong> Stadt.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
– 580 – – 581 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> Stadt and Surroundings 1:50000<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Siegfriedkarte 1880 1:25000<br />
Source: www.swisstopo.ch<br />
Transformation of Klybeck Island<br />
The site used to be an island until the end of 19th Century.<br />
Due to rapid urban development of <strong>Basel</strong> Stadt as well as the<br />
expansion of urban settlements, the transformation of the island<br />
took place.<br />
With gap artificially filled gradually since 20th Century, the island<br />
began to merge into mainland geographically.<br />
The port of Switzerland use this site as harbor since 1920s and<br />
excavated two inner harbor basins afterwards. The circulation<br />
of the city developed at the same time, Dreirosenbrüke was<br />
built in 1940s.<br />
The whole harbor area has stayed alomst the same since<br />
1940s till now.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Siegfriedkarte 1890 1:25000<br />
Source: www.swisstopo.ch<br />
Siegfriedkarte 1918 1:25000<br />
Siegfriedkarte 1945 1:25000<br />
Source: www.swisstopo.ch<br />
– 582 – – 583 –<br />
Siegfriedkarte 1928 1:25000<br />
Source: www.swisstopo.ch<br />
DRAFT<br />
Source: www.swisstopo.ch City Map 2011 1:25000<br />
Source: www.stadtplan.bs.ch<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Site Photos<br />
1<br />
3<br />
5<br />
7<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
8<br />
Airial View 1:10000<br />
– 584 – – 585 –<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
3<br />
4<br />
8<br />
2<br />
1<br />
DRAFT<br />
Source: map.google.ch<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Ongoing Projects<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Transformation of harbor area in city is currently a hot topic all over the world. There has been such discussion since 2003<br />
in <strong>Basel</strong>, the only Harbor City in Switzerland.<br />
Since 2012, the harbor is finally been replanned and will be translocated. As a result, the new vision 3land of the former<br />
site comes out as well as calling for interim use proposal.<br />
Harbor<br />
Railway<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> – – topic –<br />
OnGOinG PrOjects<br />
Harbor Area in 2011 Planned Harbor Area from 2012<br />
2012 2015 2020<br />
Zwischennutzung Klybeckquai<br />
Vision 3land<br />
Harbor Harbor<br />
Different Time and Space of Intervention of Two Projects: 3land and Interim Use Klybeckquai<br />
Harbor<br />
Expansion<br />
Harbor<br />
Railway<br />
– 82 – – 83 –<br />
Harbor<br />
Expansion<br />
Interim Use Klybeckquai<br />
Site of Compettion, Interim Use Klybeckquai<br />
(result will be announced in June 2012)<br />
– 586 – – 587 –<br />
Steiger für<br />
Hotelschiffe<br />
reserviert<br />
Steiger für<br />
Lotseneinstieg<br />
reserviert<br />
Promenade durch<br />
Zaun vom Rhein<br />
abgetrennt<br />
N<br />
135 m<br />
270 m<br />
Rhein<br />
Rhein<br />
0 50m 100m<br />
Rhein<br />
ExEsso<br />
ExEsso<br />
Migrol<br />
Abstellgleis für Güterwaggons von 05 - 19 Uhr<br />
Unterer Rheinweg<br />
Altrheinweg<br />
Westquaistrasse<br />
Altrheinweg<br />
Westquaistrasse<br />
Wiesendamm<br />
Klybeckstrasse<br />
Wiese<br />
Schlossgasse<br />
Inselstrasse<br />
Rheinhafen Kleinhüningen 1<br />
Ackerstrasse<br />
Uferpromenade ExEsso: vermietbare Fläche<br />
Wasserfläche ExEsso: periodisch nutzbare Fläche<br />
vorh. Anschlusspunkt mögl. Anschlusspunkte<br />
Rastatterstrasse<br />
Zwischennutzung Klybeckquai – Flächenangebot<br />
Kleinhüningerstrasse<br />
Altrheinweg<br />
philippe cabane_21-12-2011<br />
Holderstrasse<br />
3land<br />
Perspective, 3land<br />
Masterplan, 3land<br />
DRAFT<br />
Source: planungsamt.bs.ch<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
PotentIal as InterIm urban Garden?<br />
– 588 – – 589 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Soil quality<br />
The soil of the site in <strong>Basel</strong> is pseudogley.<br />
This soil is with a perched water table showing redoximorphic<br />
features caused by surface water. Pseudogley are periodically<br />
wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without<br />
concretions and/or bleaching.<br />
The agricultural suitability of it is limited because of its oxygen<br />
deficiency resulting from stagnating water above a dense subsoil.<br />
Therefore, they have to be drained.<br />
Which worth to be noticed is that due to long time industrial<br />
use, ground might be contaiminated.<br />
Temperature*<br />
Geographically, <strong>Basel</strong> belongs to Temperate Zone in terms of<br />
temperature and the yearly average temperature is around<br />
10 o C.<br />
The average temperature is 0 o C in January, 9 o C in april, 19 o C<br />
in July, 11oC in oCtober.the average temperature in vegetation<br />
period (from april to september) is 15oC and the yearly average<br />
temperature is around 10oC. Sun Exposure*<br />
The average time of sun exposure is 5.5h/day, average<br />
strength is 3000 kwh/m2 .<br />
These differ according to season, 2h/day and 800kwh/m2 ,in<br />
January, 5h/day in April and 3600kwh/m2 , 7h/day in July and<br />
5600 kwh/m2 , 3h/day and 2200 kwh/m2 in October.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Ground at Site<br />
Average Temperature in One Year<br />
Source: REKLIP<br />
Precipitation*<br />
The average precipitation is 720mm annually.<br />
It changes mildly through one year, reach the climax in August<br />
and hit the bottom in December and January,<br />
Humidity*<br />
The average precipitation is 720mm annually.<br />
It changes temperately between 65% to 85% relative humidity.<br />
It peaked in December or January and valleyed in April.<br />
Summarily, the soil is not fit for plant production,<br />
if use site for agriculture, soil should be<br />
transported from other natural sites or specialized<br />
company such as Ökohum.<br />
The climate is good for most of the edible<br />
plants.<br />
– 590 – – 591 –<br />
Average Precipitation in One Year<br />
Average Humidity and Air Pressure in One Year<br />
Source: REKLIP<br />
Source: REKLIP<br />
DRAFT<br />
*All data is not from the site specifically, but from the nearest climate station.<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Site Plan 1:5000<br />
Potential of Interim Use?<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Rhenus<br />
Grisard<br />
ExEsso<br />
Gondrand<br />
SIte connects the settlement of Klybeck and Rhine, but used to be blocked from settlment.<br />
Major part is railway area, once the harbor translocate, it is going to be abandoned before 3land vision,<br />
ExEsso used to be a fuel oil company and has already been demolished, Migrol is also fuel oil company, at site are mainly the<br />
oil tanks for storage use which are being demolished now, estimately be finished in Aug.2012,<br />
Rhenus, Grisard, Gondrand are logistic companies, which need to be stayed at leat till 2015.<br />
What could 3-year interim use mean for food? Is there any food production potential in this site? Which food?<br />
Coul this site become urban garden?<br />
Migrol<br />
– 592 – – 593 –<br />
Novartis<br />
Site: Klybeck Island<br />
Mainly Harbor Railway<br />
Existing and Staying Construction<br />
Demolished and Being Demolished Construction<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
urban cultIVatIon oF Herb<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
– 594 – – 595 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Herb in a Chinese dish<br />
Introduction<br />
Definition of Herb<br />
Generally, herb has two different meaings according to Cambridge<br />
Dictionary.<br />
One is for botanically use, it means herbaceous plant, a plant<br />
lacking a permanent woody stem; regardless of its flavor,<br />
scent or other properties, and thus includes only grass-like<br />
plants and forb.<br />
The other one is for common use, it means a type of plant<br />
whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavour to particular<br />
dishes, or which are used in making medicine.<br />
In terms of food, here the author just take the definition of<br />
common use.Culinary used herb, specifically are food or drink<br />
additives of mostly botanical origin used for flavoring or coloring.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Features of Herb<br />
Perishability<br />
Fresh herb leaves are considered perishable items mainly due<br />
to extremely high generated nitrite after harvesting.<br />
If not freshly used, It should keep in the vacuum package in<br />
refrigerator. This would keep it for 3-4 days.<br />
In order to let urban inhabitants to have fresh herbs, proximity<br />
to the city of herb production is one practical solution.<br />
Chinese chives fresh(u.) and after two days.<br />
Visual and Olfactory Quality<br />
Almost all the herbs provide different and pleasant visual and<br />
olfactory experiences, they have unique and elegant forms of<br />
leave as well as refreshing and fragrant smell.<br />
Hence some herbs are used in garden or bonsai for aesthetic<br />
appreciation and some are used in cosmetic or perfume industry.<br />
– 596 – – 597 –<br />
Economic Value<br />
In the city area, the shotage of usable land is always a problem.<br />
The herb production could efficiently use the land but can<br />
generate a relative high economic value, compare to other<br />
vegetables, fruits or meat production in terms of space they<br />
take and price per weight.<br />
Moreover, the herbs takes extreme shorter time to harvest,<br />
even 10 days for certain species. Some herbs can be harvested<br />
on and off for a whole year. So it fits well for interim use.<br />
Herb sold in Marktplatz,<strong>Basel</strong><br />
Nutritional and Medicinal Effect<br />
The herb is also an indispensable element in many top-class<br />
dishes as well as takeaways.<br />
Besides the fact of garnishment and flavory, some herbs provide<br />
microelement and vitamin which is very healthy. such as<br />
basil is very rich in Vitamin K.<br />
Herbs are regulated just like a dietary supplement, some are<br />
full of antioxidants that maintain health and slow aging.Many<br />
herbs have medicinal effect.<br />
DRAFT<br />
Herb as decoration in wedding Source: westaussiewed- Herb pestled into medicinal use<br />
Source: http://healthxding.typepad.comwellness.com<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Historical Aspect<br />
Charlemagne once said “An herb is the friend of physicians<br />
and the praise of cooks.”<br />
Man has had a long and loving relationship with herbs.Herbs<br />
have been used since prehistoric times.Ancient Romans and<br />
Greeks crowned their leaders with dill and laurel. The Romans<br />
also used dill to purify the air. In the Middle Ages, herbs were<br />
often used to help preserve meat as well as covering the rotting<br />
taste of meals that couldn’t be refrigerated.<br />
Now the medicinal herb system is mainly based on Traditional<br />
Chinese Medicine (TCM), which can be dated back 2000 to<br />
3000 years.<br />
Many herbs are used differently in cuisine all over the world<br />
now and herb planting has a huge market potential.<br />
Herb in Switerland<br />
Though herbs have got a long history of naturally growing, for<br />
instance, idelweiss as a typical alpine herb, yet professional<br />
herb planting begins after 1900 in Switerland.<br />
Herb planting has increased in last 30 years but is still relative<br />
small scale. Currently there are 250 hectares of herb planting<br />
land and about 200 producers,mostly small and provide<br />
organic production. Total yield is c.a. 350 ton annualy.<br />
However, herbs are also very popular and wanted in Switzer-<br />
land, especially certain kinds such as basil, peppermint and<br />
sage etc. are very well selled. In order to satisfy the market demand,<br />
Switzerland import herbs from other countries,mostly<br />
in Europe.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Laurel in Ancient Greek<br />
“An Outline Treatise of Medical Herbs”, 1578, China<br />
sources: http://photo.99ys.com<br />
Edelweiss in Switzerland<br />
source:http://www.rackcdn.com<br />
source:http://www.agrigate.ch<br />
Parameters of Herb<br />
Function<br />
Mophology<br />
Required condition<br />
This refers to demand on soil, water, temperature, sun exposure as well as labour work.<br />
Economic Value<br />
DRAFT<br />
Culinary herbs are almost all very expensive in Switzerland compared to other fruits or vegetables, but there is still apparent<br />
difference among them.<br />
– 598 – – 599 –<br />
Edible<br />
dishes/desserts<br />
sweets<br />
Medicinal Cosmetic<br />
Longevity<br />
Many culinary herbs are perennials such as thyme or lavender, while others are biennials such as parsley or annuals like basil.<br />
Scent & Flavour<br />
In terms of Scent or Taste, every herb has a unique one.<br />
tea wine oil<br />
cream/soap perfume essential oil<br />
Ornamental Spiritual Landscape Recreational<br />
Most Herbs are botanically herbs would grow to 20-90cm. Some perennial herbs are shrubs (such as rosemary), or trees (such<br />
as bay laurel), this contrasts with botanical herbs, which by definition cannot be woody plants. In terms of colour or size, every<br />
herb differs from each other.<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Incomplete List of Culinary Herbs<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Food or drink additives of mostly botanical origin used for flavoring or coloring. Fictional plants such as aglaophotis, or recreational<br />
herbs such as tobacco and marijuana, or purely medicinal or other used herbs such as valerian are not inclusive in the list.<br />
Spices which purely use the fruit, seeds or other parts than leaves of herb are also not inclusive.<br />
List (ordered alphabetically by name)<br />
e.g.Name (Botanical name)<br />
Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum)<br />
Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria)<br />
Allspice (Pimenta dioica)<br />
Angelica (Angelica archangelica)<br />
Anise (Pimpinella anisum)<br />
Annatto (Bixa orellana)<br />
Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens)<br />
Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida)<br />
Asarabacca (Asarum europaeum)<br />
Avens (Geum urbanum)<br />
Avocado leaf (Peresea americana)<br />
Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum)<br />
Basil, lemon (Ocimum × citriodorum)<br />
Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora)<br />
Basil, Holy (Ocimum tenuiflorum)<br />
Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis)<br />
Boldo (Peumus boldus)<br />
Borage (Borago officinalis)<br />
Blue fenugreek, blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea)<br />
Calendula, pot marigold (Calendula officinalis)<br />
Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora)<br />
Canelo, Winter’s Bark (Drimys winteri)<br />
Caraway (Carum carvi)<br />
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua)<br />
Catnip (Nepeta cataria)<br />
Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum)<br />
Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)<br />
Chicory (Cichorium intybus)<br />
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)<br />
Cicely, sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata)<br />
Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum)<br />
Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea)<br />
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)<br />
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)<br />
Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita)<br />
Cuban oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus)<br />
Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.)<br />
Culantro, culangot, long coriander (Eryngium foetidum)<br />
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)<br />
Dill (Anethum graveolens)<br />
Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides)<br />
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)<br />
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)<br />
Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji (Boesenbergia rotunda)<br />
Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum)<br />
Golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum)<br />
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)<br />
Huacatay, Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta)<br />
Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)<br />
Indonesian bay leaf, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum)<br />
Jimbu (Allium hypsistum)<br />
Kaffir lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves (Citrus hystrix)<br />
Kencur, galangal, kentjur (Kaempferia galanga)<br />
Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule)<br />
Koseret leaves (Lippia adoensis)<br />
Lavender (Lavandula spp.)<br />
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)<br />
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.)<br />
Lemon ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana)<br />
Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora)<br />
Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora)<br />
Lesser calamint (Calamintha nepeta)<br />
Licorice, liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)<br />
Lovage (Levisticum officinale)<br />
Mahlab, St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb)<br />
Malabathrum, tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala)<br />
Marjoram (Origanum majorana)<br />
Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis)<br />
Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus)<br />
Mint (Mentha spp.) 25 species, hundreds of varieties<br />
Mountain horopito (Pseudowintera colorata)<br />
Musk mallow, abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus)<br />
Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)<br />
Njangsa, djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii)<br />
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)<br />
Olida (Eucalyptus olida)<br />
Oregano (Origanum vulgare, other spiecies)<br />
Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida)<br />
Pandan leaf, screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius)<br />
Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, Soleracea)<br />
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)<br />
Perilla, shiso (Perilla spp.)<br />
Quassia (Quassia amara)<br />
Ramsons, wood garlic (Allium ursinum)<br />
Rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica)<br />
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)<br />
Rue (Ruta graveolens)<br />
Sage (Salvia officinalis)<br />
Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor)<br />
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)<br />
– 600 – – 601 –<br />
Savory, summer (Satureja hortensis)<br />
Savory, winter (Satureja montana)<br />
Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)<br />
Sorrel, sheep (Rumex acetosella)<br />
Star anise (Illicium verum)<br />
Sumac (Rhus coriaria)<br />
Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum)<br />
Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)<br />
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)<br />
Thyme, lemon (Thymus × citriodorus)<br />
Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)<br />
Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata)<br />
Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata)<br />
Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica)<br />
Wild betel (Piper sarmentosum) (Southeast Asia)<br />
Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum)<br />
Willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum)<br />
Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)<br />
Wood avens, herb bennet (Geum urbanum)<br />
Woodruff (Galium odoratum)<br />
Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium)<br />
Yerba buena (Micromeria douglasii)<br />
Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria)<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Species Study<br />
Basil<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
The general selection would be 10 most common, available and main stream used culinary herbs in Switzerland, intersection<br />
of duopoly supermarkets in Switzerland(Migros and Coop), Marktplatz and Globus in <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Chive<br />
Coriander<br />
Dill<br />
Mint<br />
Oregano<br />
– 602 – – 603 –<br />
Parsley<br />
Sage<br />
Rosemary Thyme<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Basil. Genus:Ocimum/Species:O. basilicum<br />
Basil is known as Saint Joseph’s<br />
Wort in some Englishspeaking<br />
countries,originally<br />
from India. Depending on<br />
the species and cultivar, the<br />
leaves may taste somewhat<br />
like anise, with a strong,<br />
pungent, often sweet smell. It<br />
grows up to 50-80 cm.<br />
Cultivation<br />
Source: http://biolib.de<br />
Basil is very sensitive to cold, with best growth in hot, dry<br />
conditions. It behaves as an annual if there is any chance of a<br />
frost. In Northern Europe, Canada, the northern states of the<br />
U.S., and the South Island of New Zealand it will grow best if<br />
sown under glass in a peat pot, then planted out in late spring/<br />
early summer (when there is little chance of a frost). Additionally,<br />
it may be sown in soil once chance of frost is past. It fares<br />
best in a well-drained sunny spot.is ideal if available. They can<br />
be grown even in a basement, under fluorescent lights.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Culinary Use<br />
Basil is commonly used fresh in cooked recipes. In general, it<br />
is added at the last moment, as cooking quickly destroys the<br />
flavor. The fresh herb can be kept for a short time in plastic<br />
bags in the refrigerator, or for a longer period in the freezer, after<br />
being blanched quickly in boiling water. The dried herb also<br />
loses most of its flavor, and what little flavor remains tastes<br />
very different, with a weak coumarin flavor, like hay.<br />
Basil is one of the main ingredients in pesto, a green Italian<br />
oil-and-herb sauce. Its other main ingredients are olive oil, garlic,<br />
and pine nuts.<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
Compounds in basil oil have potential for use in treating cancer.In<br />
addition, basil has been shown to decrease the occurrence<br />
of platelet aggregation. It is traditionally used for supplementary<br />
treatment of stress, asthma and diabetes in India.<br />
Other Uses<br />
Ornamental.<br />
Yield/Price<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
1.5-2.5 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried) is around<br />
36 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
Chive. Genus:Allium/Species:A. schoenoprasum<br />
Chive is the smallest<br />
species of the edible onions.<br />
A perennial plant, they are native<br />
to Europe, Asia and North<br />
America.Allium schoenoprasum<br />
is the only species of<br />
Allium native to both the New<br />
and the Old World. It grows<br />
up to 20-30cm.<br />
Cultivation<br />
Chives thrive in well drained soil, rich in organic matter, with a<br />
pH of 6-7 and full sun.<br />
Chives can be grown from seed and mature in summer, or<br />
early the following spring. Typically, chives need to be germinated<br />
at a temperature of 15 °C to 20 °C (60 °F-70 °F) and kept<br />
moist. They can also be planted under a cloche or germinated<br />
indoors in cooler climates, then planted out later. After at least<br />
four weeks, the young shoots should be ready to be planted<br />
out.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
– 604 – – 605 –<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest<br />
Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.unigreifswald.de/<br />
Culinary Use<br />
Chives are grown for their leaves, which are used for culinary<br />
purposes as flavoring herb, and provide a somewhat milder<br />
flavour than those of their neighbouring Allium species.<br />
Chives have a wide variety of culinary uses, such as in traditional<br />
dishes in France and Sweden, among others. In his<br />
1806 book Attempt at a Flora (Försök til en flora), Retzius describes<br />
how chives are used with pancakes, soups, fish and<br />
sandwiches.They are also an ingredient of the gräddfil sauce<br />
served with the traditional herring dish served at Swedish<br />
midsummer celebrations. The flowers may also be used to<br />
garnish dishes. In Poland chives are served with quark cheese.<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
Containing numerous organosulfur compounds such as allyl<br />
sulfides and alkyl sulfoxides, chives are reported to have<br />
a beneficial effect on the circulatory system. They also have<br />
mild stimulant, diuretic, and antiseptic properties.<br />
Other Uses<br />
pest discourager<br />
Yield/Price<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
5-6 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
8.5 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried) is around<br />
28 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried and milled,top-class) is<br />
370 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Coriander. Genus:Coriandrum/Species:C. sativum<br />
Coriander is an annual<br />
herb in the family Apiaceae.<br />
It is a soft, hairless plant<br />
growing to 50 centimetres<br />
tall. The leaves are variable in<br />
shape, broadly lobed at the<br />
base of the plant, and slender<br />
and feathery higher on the<br />
flowering stems. The flowers<br />
are borne in small umbels,<br />
white or very pale pink, asymmetrical.<br />
Cultivation<br />
Coriander is a cold-resisting herb, cold and humid environmental<br />
conditions more demanding, and poor growth in the<br />
environment with high temperature and drought conditions.<br />
Coriander is a low-temperature, long-sunshine plants. Under<br />
normal conditions, the seedlings in the low temperature of<br />
5 degrees, after 10 to 20 days to be completed by vernalization.<br />
Later under long-sunshine conditions, photoperiod and<br />
bolting.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest<br />
Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.unigreifswald.de/<br />
Culinary Use<br />
All parts of the plant are edible, but the fresh leaves and the<br />
dried seeds are the parts most commonly used in cooking.<br />
Coriander is common in South Asian, Middle Eastern, Central<br />
Asian, Mediterranean, Indian, Tex-Mex, Latin American, Portuguese,<br />
Chinese, African, and Scandinavian cuisine.<br />
The leaves are variously referred to as coriander leaves, fresh<br />
coriander, Chinese parsley, or cilantro (in America, from the<br />
Spanish name for the plant).<br />
The fresh leaves are an ingredient in many South Asian foods<br />
(such as chutneys and salads), in Chinese dishes, in Mexican<br />
cooking, particularly in salsa and guacamole and as a garnish,<br />
and in salads in Russia and other CIS countries. sed in European<br />
cuisine today.<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
It contains antioxidants, which can delay or prevent the spoilage<br />
of food seasoned with this spice, also a traditional treatment<br />
for diabetes. Coriander has been used as a folk medicine<br />
for the relief of anxiety and insomnia in Iran.<br />
Yield/Price<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
4.2 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried) is around<br />
22 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
Dill. Genus:Anethum/Species:A. graveolens<br />
Dill is, depending on where<br />
it is grown, either a perennial<br />
or annual herb. It grows to<br />
40–60 cm, with slender stems<br />
and alternate, finely divided,<br />
softly delicate leaves 10–20<br />
cm long. The ultimate leaf<br />
divisions are 1–2 mm broad,<br />
slightly broader than the similar<br />
leaves of fennel.<br />
Cultivation<br />
Successful cultivation requires warm to hot summers with<br />
high sunshine levels; even partial shade will reduce the yield<br />
substantially. It also prefers rich, well drained soil.<br />
The seed is harvested by cutting the flower heads off the<br />
stalks when the seed is beginning to ripen. The seed heads<br />
are placed upside down in a paper bag and left in a warm, dry<br />
place for a week. The seeds then separate from the stems<br />
easily for storage in an airtight container.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
– 606 – – 607 –<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest<br />
Source: http://biolib.de/<br />
Culinary Use<br />
Consumption of fish or meat often used it for cooking, to<br />
remove the smell, the addition is also used in soups, pickles,<br />
bread and pickled food.<br />
Its fruits and seeds, harvest when not yet riped, can be used<br />
to refine into oil consumption or make the spice. It can also<br />
be dried to storage and consume; its leaves as a vanilla material,<br />
can be eaten fresh. Dry processing of leaves smell a good<br />
fragrance, very commonly used in fish cooking.<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
Dill can be used to treat headaches, stomach and intestines to<br />
eliminate bad breath. For patients who have diseases such as<br />
diabetes and hypertension, it add flavor to alkaline salt dishes.<br />
It has effects of letting the anxious infants calmed down and<br />
so on.<br />
Other Uses<br />
spritual<br />
Yield/Price<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
0.3-0.6 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried) is around<br />
36 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Mint. Genus:Mentha*<br />
Mint is aromatic, almost<br />
exclusively perennial, rarely<br />
annual, herb. They have widespreading<br />
underground and<br />
overground stolons and erect,<br />
square, branched stems. The<br />
leaves are arranged in opposite<br />
pairs, from oblong to lanceolate,<br />
often downy, and with<br />
a serrate margin. Leaf colors<br />
range from dark green and<br />
gray-green to purple, blue, and<br />
sometimes pale yellow.<br />
Cultivation<br />
All mints prefer, and thrive in, cool, moist spots in partial<br />
shade.In general, mints tolerate a wide range of conditions,<br />
and can also be grown in full sun.<br />
They are fast growing, extending their reach along surfaces<br />
through a network of runners. Due to their speedy growth,<br />
one plant of each desired mint, along with a little care, will<br />
provide more than enough mint for home use.<br />
Harvesting of mint leaves can be done at any time. Fresh mint<br />
leaves should be used immediately or stored up to a couple<br />
of days in plastic bags within a refrigerator.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest<br />
Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.unigreifswald.de/<br />
Culinary Use<br />
The leaf, fresh or dried, is the culinary source of mint. Fresh<br />
mint is usually preferred over dried mint when storage of the<br />
mint is not a problem. The leaves have a pleasant warm, fresh,<br />
aromatic, sweet flavor with a cool aftertaste. Mint leaves<br />
are used in teas, beverages, jellies, syrups, candies, and ice<br />
creams. In Middle Eastern cuisine, mint is used on lamb dishes,<br />
while in British cuisine and American cuisine, mint sauce<br />
and mint jelly are used, respectively.<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
Mint was originally used as a medicinal herb to treat stomach<br />
ache and chest pains, and it is commonly used in the form of<br />
tea as a home remedy to help alleviate stomach pain.<br />
Other Uses<br />
pest discourager/cosmetics/perfumes<br />
Yield/Price<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
2 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
*This page describe the general feature of all species of mint and of peppermint.<br />
Oregano. Genus:Origanum/Species:O. vulgare<br />
Oregano is a perennial<br />
herb, growing from 20–80 cm<br />
tall, with opposite leaves 1–4<br />
cm long. Oregano will grow<br />
in a pH range between 6.0<br />
(mildly acid) and 9.0 (strongly<br />
alkaline) with a preferred<br />
range between 6.0 and 8.0.<br />
The flowers are purple, 3–4<br />
mm long, produced in erect<br />
spikes.<br />
Cultivation<br />
Oregano needs only a moderately fertile soil to thrive in,<br />
though drainage and friability are important. Plant outdoors<br />
12 inches apart after all danger of frost has passed. Plants are<br />
easily started from seed, stem cuttings, or mature root division.<br />
Oregano appreciates being hoed regularly and neighboring<br />
weeds should be kept under control. Mulching with hay<br />
helps keep plants clean outdoors. Oregano lends itself well to<br />
container and hydroponic methods of cultivation.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
– 608 – – 609 –<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest<br />
Source: http://biolib.de/<br />
Culinary Use<br />
Oregano is an important culinary herb, used for the flavor<br />
of its leaves, which can be more flavourful when dried than<br />
fresh. It has an aromatic, warm and slightly bitter taste, which<br />
can vary in intensity. Good quality oregano may be strong<br />
enough almost to numb the tongue, but the cultivars adapted<br />
to colder climates often have a lesser flavor. Factors such as<br />
climate, seasons and soil composition may affect the aromatic<br />
oils present, and this effect may be greater than the differences<br />
between the various species of plants.<br />
Oregano’s most prominent modern use is as the staple herb<br />
of Italian-American cuisine.<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
It can be diuretic and improve the appetite and digestion. It<br />
has antibacterial effect and the strongest antioxidant function<br />
among all vegetibles.It can be used to treat fever, headache,<br />
body drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms.<br />
Yield/Price<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
1.1 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried) is around<br />
39 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Parsley. Genus:Petroselinum/Species:P. crispum<br />
Parsley is a bright green,<br />
hairless, biennial, herbaceous<br />
plant in temperate climates,<br />
or an annual herb in subtropical<br />
and tropical areas. It offers<br />
protection even in its first year<br />
as the strong scent of the<br />
parsley leaves appear to mingle<br />
with the tomato scent and<br />
confuses the tomato moth. It<br />
grows up to 30-100 cm.<br />
Cultivation<br />
Parsley grows best in moist, well drained soil, with full sun.<br />
It grows best between 22–30 °C, and is usually grown from<br />
seed. Germination is slow, taking four to six weeks, and often<br />
difficult because of furanocoumarins in its seed coat.Plants<br />
grown for the leaf crop are typically spaced 10 cm apart, while<br />
those grown as a root crop are typically spaced 20 cm apart<br />
to allow for the root development.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest<br />
Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.unigreifswald.de/<br />
Culinary Use<br />
Parsley is widely used in Middle Eastern, European, and<br />
American cooking. Curly leaf parsley is often used as a garnish.<br />
In central and eastern Europe and in western Asia, many<br />
dishes are served with fresh green chopped parsley sprinkled<br />
on top. Green parsley is often used as a garnish on potato<br />
dishes (boiled or mashed potatoes), on rice dishes (risotto or<br />
pilaf), on fish, fried chicken, lamb or goose, steaks, meat or<br />
vegetable stews (like beef bourguignon, goulash or chicken<br />
paprikash).<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
It is Hypotensive, diuresis. It has also the substanse of anticancer.<br />
Due to its iron element, it can enrich and tonify the<br />
blood.<br />
Other Uses<br />
Pest discourager.<br />
Yield/Price<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
0.25-0.75 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
40 Fr./100g, together with pot(50 sqcm), in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried) is around<br />
32 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried and milled) is<br />
130 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
Rosemary. Genus:Rosmarinus/Species:R. officinalis<br />
Rosemary is a woody,<br />
perennial herb with fragrant,<br />
evergreen, needle-like leaves<br />
and white, pink, purple or blue<br />
flowers, native to the Mediterranean<br />
region.<br />
It is an aromatic evergreen<br />
shrub that has leaves similar<br />
to pine needles. the upright<br />
forms can reach 1.5 m tall.<br />
Cultivation<br />
Since it is attractive and drought tolerant, Rosemary is used<br />
as an ornamental plant in gardens and for xeriscape landscaping,<br />
especially in regions of Mediterranean climate. It is considered<br />
easy to grow and pest-resistant. Rosemary can grow<br />
quite large and retain attractiveness for many years, can be<br />
pruned into formal shapes and low hedges and has been used<br />
for topiary. It is easily grown in pots. The groundcover cultivars<br />
spread widely, with a dense and durable texture.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.unigreifswald.de/<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest DRAFT<br />
– 610 – – 611 –<br />
Culinary Use<br />
The leaves, both fresh and dried, are used in traditional Mediterranean<br />
cuisine. They have a bitter, astringent taste and are<br />
highly aromatic, which complements a wide variety of foods.<br />
A tisane can be made from the leaves. When burnt, they give<br />
off a mustard-like smell and a smell similar to burning wood,<br />
which can be used to flavor foods while barbecuing. Rosemary<br />
is high in iron, calcium and vitamin B6, 317 mg, 6.65<br />
mg and 0.336 mg per 100 g, respectively. Rosemary extract<br />
has been shown to improve the shelf life and heat stability of<br />
omega 3-rich oils, which are prone to rancidity.<br />
The herb is also widely used in Turkish, Palestinian, Lebanese,<br />
Egyptian, Syrian, Greek, Portuguese, Spanish, Philippine and<br />
Latin American cuisines.<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
Eliminate bloating, enhance memory, refreshing, reduce<br />
headaches, colds, abdominal distension, obesity is its main<br />
effects.<br />
Conditioning oily and unclean skin, promote blood circulation<br />
and stimulate hair regrowth(maternal fasting).<br />
Other Uses<br />
ornamental/cosmetic<br />
Yield/Price/Planting schedule<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
1.2-1.5 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
75 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried) is around<br />
39 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Sage(Common Sage) Genus:Salvia/Species:S. officinalis<br />
Sage is a perennial, evergreen<br />
subshrub, with woody<br />
stems, grayish leaves, and<br />
blue to purplish flowers.<br />
Cultivars are quite variable<br />
in size, leaf and flower color,<br />
and foliage pattern, with many<br />
variegated leaf types.<br />
Cultivation<br />
It needs adequate sunshine and good ventilation, well-drained<br />
sandy loam or the deep loam.<br />
Seeding 3-5 tablets per hole directly, germinate after a week<br />
or won strains up to 5-10CM to be thinning seedlings. Spacing<br />
of 20-30CM. Prune after the adult can increase the distance<br />
again, in order to have more vigorous growth. The light intensity<br />
of different varieties of sage is not the same which should<br />
be taken care of.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest<br />
Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.unigreifswald.de/<br />
Culinary Use<br />
Sage smells fragrant and tastes spicy, bitter and astringent<br />
is (mouth feel furry). The spice is used for meat dishes, poultry,<br />
sausages, fish and herb cheese. Particularly fatty foods<br />
to sage fits well because it promotes the wholesome diet of<br />
heavy sage is one of the few herbs that can also use dried<br />
well.<br />
Raw and finely chopped sage leaves are suitable for fish and<br />
chicken fillings, to flavor soups and vegetables, it is used.<br />
It is a classic herb in all Germany, especially in sausage and<br />
sagecake which is against drunkenness. In British cooking, it<br />
is used for flavoring fatty meats, Sage Derby cheese, poultry<br />
or pork stuffing, Lincolnshire sausage, and in sauces. Sage is<br />
also used in Italian cooking, in the Balkans, and the Middle<br />
East. It is one of the major herbs used in the traditional turkey<br />
stuffing for the Thanksgiving Day dinner in the United States.<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
It could heal irregular menstruation; dysmenorrhea.It could<br />
also work as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease patients.<br />
Sage leaf extract may be effective and safe in the treatment<br />
of hyperlipidemia.<br />
Other Uses<br />
cosmetic/perfume<br />
Yield/Price<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
3-4 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried) is around<br />
65 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
Thyme(Common Thyme) Genus:Thymus/Species:T. vulgaris<br />
Thyme is a perential low<br />
growing herbaceous plant,<br />
sometimes becoming somewhat<br />
woody.<br />
It typically grows as a subshrub,<br />
between 15 and 20<br />
cm tall.<br />
stems are narrow, evergreen<br />
woody and branchy.<br />
Cultivation<br />
Thyme is best cultivated in a hot, sunny location with welldrained<br />
soil. It is generally planted in the spring, and thereafter<br />
grows as a perennial. It can be propagated by seed, cuttings,<br />
or by dividing rooted sections of the plant. It tolerates<br />
drought well. The plants can take deep freezes and are found<br />
growing wild on mountain highlands.It has a seed germination<br />
time of 12-20 days, ripening time of 90-10 days, flowering<br />
take place in summer.<br />
Planting Calendar<br />
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
– 612 – – 613 –<br />
Seeding<br />
Blooming<br />
Harvest<br />
Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.unigreifswald.de/<br />
Culinary Use<br />
Thyme is widely used in cooking. The herb is a basic ingredient<br />
in Levantine country cuisine and others which derives<br />
from it.<br />
Thyme is often used to flavour meats, soups and stews. It has<br />
a particular affinity to and is often used as a primary flavour<br />
with lamb, tomatoes and eggs. Thyme, while flavourful, does<br />
not overpower and blends well with other herbs and spices.<br />
In some Levantine countries, and Assyrian, the condiment<br />
za’atar (Arabic for thyme) contains thyme as a vital ingredient.<br />
It is a common component of the bouquet garni, and of<br />
herbes de Provence.<br />
Medicinal Use<br />
It contains a powerful disinfectant called thymol that is effective<br />
against bacteria and fungi.Thymol also acts as a expectorant,<br />
loosening phlegm in the respiratory tract so it can be<br />
coughed up. Doctors prescribed the oil externally as an antiseptic<br />
for fungal infections such as athlete’s foot.<br />
Other Uses<br />
ornamental/perfume<br />
Yield/Price<br />
Yield of fresh leaves per year is<br />
3 kg/sqm.<br />
Price of fresh leaves is around<br />
11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop)<br />
13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa)<br />
Price of plant is around<br />
40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Price of processed leaves(dried) is around<br />
23 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Synthesis Matrix of Main Parameters<br />
Species Selection<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
After synthesis and comparison of main parameters(each parameter considered equally), a selection is drawed.<br />
The first priority group would be Rosemary, Thyme, Mint,<br />
The second priority group would be Sage and Chive.<br />
No plant listed in the chart could not absolutely adapted into site, so other 5 Species would also be planted with small amount in<br />
order to have relative bio-diversity, also to satisfy needs other than pure economically production such as exhibition and education<br />
to public.<br />
During specific planning, attention should also be paid to facts such as companion plants and seasonal interventions.<br />
First and Second Priority Group<br />
Companion Herbs<br />
Among these 10 herbs, there are two companion plants<br />
group, which should be planted together, because they help<br />
each other grow. Mint is a relativ non/compan<br />
Seasonal Interventions<br />
Some herbs need more care in winter or summer due to less<br />
hardiness. The seasonal intervention is mainly to use light<br />
structure to provide shade or warmness.<br />
– 614 – – 615 –<br />
Rosemary<br />
Rosemary<br />
Parsley Basil<br />
Parsley<br />
Sage<br />
Sage<br />
Chive<br />
Thyme<br />
Chive Mint<br />
Thyme Oregano<br />
Basil<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Container as Cultivation Method<br />
Pots in Hirtenweg Nursery, <strong>Basel</strong> Box Roof Garden, <strong>Basel</strong><br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Herbs does not take up much space and soil, therefore it It fits perfectly well into pots or other small scaled containers which<br />
is also relative light.<br />
This provide great convinience for the installation, management, distribution as well as translocation after three years of use.<br />
Given consideration of the current site, Interim and mobile feature is just what is required.<br />
There are a lot of variety in small containers which has different specialty. Author categorize them into 6 main types.<br />
Standard Pots<br />
The very normal way of cultivating herbs, the volume of pots<br />
differs a bit, the most common one for herb is 3000cm3 . One<br />
plant per pot, standard makes it most suitable for appreciation<br />
or selling.<br />
Burlap Sacks Source: http://matadornetwork.com/ Cans Hanged as Container Source: http://matadornetwork.com/<br />
Sack<br />
Commonly, plant-used soil is pacaged and sold in burlap<br />
sacks. Direct use is very convenient.<br />
Source: http://nutzdach.ch<br />
Box<br />
Boxes are larger than standard pots, are more like divided<br />
plots of natural field for plants.<br />
Hangable Container<br />
These hangable metal cans can be hanged that take fully advantages<br />
of the wall, and create a vertical spacial vision.<br />
Cooking Pots<br />
– 616 – – 617 –<br />
Tyre<br />
Recycling Container<br />
No matter they are shopping carts or cooking pots, people<br />
who using them as herb container share the same idea, that<br />
is recycling, mostly household articles.<br />
Waggon as large platform for plants growing is relative a new<br />
idea, it has feature of moblie and decoration of vehicles as well<br />
as the route the vehicle stayed or passed.<br />
Source: http://matadornetwork.com/ Wading Pool<br />
Source: http://matadornetwork.com/<br />
Source: http://matadornetwork.com/<br />
Truck as Plating Field, USA Carriage as Plating Field, USA<br />
Waggon<br />
Cart<br />
Source: http://matadornetwork.com/<br />
Source: http://matadornetwork.com/ Source: http://matadornetwork.com/<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Container Selection<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
In the selection of containers, the dominant factors is economic, light, efficient and convinient. In one word, it has to fit the<br />
interim character well. Considering about the convinience of direct transplanting, transportation( could be fit into standard tray<br />
which makes it even easier) and selling, standard pot (50 cm3 )should be a prior choice,applied with dominant quantities. Taking<br />
advantage of the current site, box should be a second choice.<br />
However, the other means could also be used with very small quantities, to satisfy other needs besides pure aim of agricultural<br />
yield, education and exhibition for instance. Especially the few railway wagons could be remained as container in order to<br />
remind people the former utility and character of this site.<br />
Standard Pots in Tray Plants in SBB Cargo Box<br />
Unused Waggon at Site<br />
Source: http://nutzdach.ch<br />
– 618 – – 619 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Herb Harbor<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
– 620 – – 621 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Strategies<br />
Program<br />
Connection to Neighborhood<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Herb Production<br />
Herb Production on Roof of Existing Buildings<br />
Unchanged Site<br />
Herb Promenade<br />
Herb Market and Gastronomy Use<br />
Herb Management<br />
Visual Diversity Scheme Promenade-Axis<br />
Visual Diversity Scheme Block-Axis<br />
– 622 – – 623 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Strategies<br />
Route Strategy<br />
Distribution Path of Herb Products<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Existing tracks converted into circulation<br />
River bank and existing urban street developed into promenades<br />
Irrigation Strategy<br />
– 624 – – 625 –<br />
Sprinkler<br />
Part of City Water Supply System<br />
Connection Point<br />
Pipes and Angle-controllable Sprinklers for Ground Irrigation<br />
Water Supply System in <strong>Basel</strong> Source: http://iwb.ch<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Masterplan 1:5000<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Herb Production:<br />
Rosemary, Sage and Thyme<br />
Basil, Oregano<br />
Coriander<br />
Dill<br />
Parsley<br />
Mint<br />
Chive<br />
– 626 – – 627 –<br />
Herb Market and Process Shop<br />
Herb-featured Restaurant<br />
Herb along Promenade(all species in box)<br />
Management<br />
Unchanged Part<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Basil<br />
Chives<br />
Coriander<br />
Dill<br />
Mint<br />
Oregano<br />
Parsley<br />
Rosemary<br />
Sage<br />
Thyme<br />
Seasonal Scenarios<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br />
Impression Spring<br />
Most herbs have slightly enter the declining<br />
harvest period. Some of them have flower<br />
buds, ready for blossom.<br />
Color,<br />
Background is green,<br />
a bit cream, light yellow then comes rosy.<br />
Aroma,<br />
Topnote: basil, light sweet<br />
Basenote: thyme, light lime.<br />
Impression Autumn<br />
All herbs’ flower have faded away, part of<br />
the herbs have entre the high yield time.<br />
Great time for intensive seeding.<br />
Color,<br />
pure light green<br />
Aroma,<br />
Topnote: basil<br />
Basenote: sage and rosemary, sweet and bit<br />
punge.<br />
Impression Summer<br />
All herbs are joining the blooming group<br />
in turn. Field becomes much more colorful,<br />
covered with vivid outlook. Most began to<br />
wither in this period, short blooming period<br />
then ended.<br />
Color,<br />
Background is light green,<br />
larked with blue, purple and a bit yellow.<br />
Aroma,<br />
Topnote: mint, fresh<br />
Basenote: mixed light fragrance.<br />
Impression Winter<br />
Majority of the herbs have taller stems in<br />
this high yield period.<br />
Color,<br />
All sorts of green, dark<br />
Aroma,<br />
Topnote: basil, mint and coriander<br />
Basenote: thyme mixed with other scents,<br />
sweet and little acridness.<br />
Sequence of Blossom from<br />
January to July...<br />
Jan: Rosemary flower<br />
Feb: Pasley flower<br />
Mar: Chive flower<br />
Mar: Coriander flower<br />
May: Thyme flower<br />
– 628 – – 629 –<br />
Jun: Dill flower<br />
Jun: Mint flower<br />
Jul: Basil flower<br />
Jul: Oregano flower<br />
DRAFT<br />
Jun: Sage flower<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Airial View, Jul. 2013<br />
Airial View, Feb. 2014<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Perspective Northwest, Jul. 2013<br />
Perspective Northwest, Feb. 2014<br />
– 630 – – 631 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Yield and Economic Value<br />
The whole yield of the field is about 77ton<br />
and the corresponding economic value is<br />
11.54 Mio.CHF. Deducted from the estimation<br />
of general cost 5.74 Mio.CHF, the Profit<br />
would be 5.8 Mio.Fr.<br />
It create about 35 Mio. CHF in the whole interim<br />
use period.<br />
15.0<br />
12.5<br />
10.0<br />
7.5<br />
5.0<br />
2.5<br />
0<br />
5.5<br />
14.0<br />
8.5<br />
2.5<br />
Yearly Production Oreganoof Fresh Parsley Herb Rosemaryin Ton Sage Thyme<br />
Yearly Economic Value in Mio.CHF.<br />
Beyond the Yield<br />
12.0<br />
Basil Chive Coriander Dill Mint Oregano Parsley Rosemary Sage Thyme<br />
5.5<br />
3.0<br />
7.0<br />
Basil Chive Coriander Dill Mint<br />
9.0<br />
10.0<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
Instead of waste this urban area for 3 years, efficiently interim use could bring great economic<br />
profit to the city and people(depending on the business mode such as Community Support Agriculture).<br />
However, that is not the only meaning or aim of this project. By initialize this interim urban garden,<br />
the inhabitants in Metrobasel have better chance to get benefit from fresh and local herb<br />
products, which is flavory, nutritional and even medicinal in their daily dishes.<br />
In terms of urban environment, It also create a unique landscape between the Rhine and Klybeck<br />
settlements, between city centre and border of the city, it ameliorate the natural environment for<br />
the city and inhabitants, even for tourists, has effects of purifying air etc.<br />
Sociologically, it has great meaning as being a place of exhibition, education as well, young<br />
people will benefit from it especially.<br />
Biologically, it could generate local-adapted new species through the cultivation process, which<br />
on one hand could be used in further scientific research, on the other hand contributes to the<br />
bio-diversity and also the whole biological environment of Metrobasel region.<br />
2.000<br />
1.600<br />
1.200<br />
0.800<br />
0.400<br />
0<br />
0.825<br />
1.540<br />
1.190<br />
Profit (Mio. CHF)<br />
0.375<br />
1.800<br />
0.825<br />
0.450<br />
1.680<br />
1.550<br />
1.500<br />
Basil Chive Coriander Dill Mint Oregano Parsley Rosemary Sage Thyme<br />
Basil Chive Coriander Dill Mint<br />
Oregano Parsley Rosemary Sage Thyme<br />
Urban Character and Popularization<br />
To summarize, herb has several features such as perishablility, high economical value in short<br />
period, effcient land use and cultivation, multifuction etc. together with interim and mobile of<br />
cultivation method, which we could see as an urban character.<br />
As a form of agriculture, It fits well to the urban environment.<br />
Nowadays,during the urban transformation all over the world, there are many areas within or<br />
near the citys has the similar potential, this interim urban garden could be set as a prototype to<br />
popolarize.<br />
Potential Areas within or near <strong>Basel</strong> Stadt<br />
– 632 – – 633 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –<br />
DRAFT<br />
Perspective of Promenade © <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
– 634 – – 635 –
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
– 636 – – 637 –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt:<br />
FROM allOtMeNts<br />
tOWaRds URBaN GaRdeNs<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
<strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Contemporary City Institute<br />
Jonas Wirth<br />
Prof. Jacques Herzog, Prof. Pierre de Meuron<br />
lisa euler, Manuel Herz, Charlotte von Moos,<br />
shadi Rahbaran<br />
spring semester 2012<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt:<br />
FROM allOtMeNts<br />
tOWaRds URBaN GaRdeNs<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
OVERVIEW <strong>BASEL</strong><br />
Production of Food in Allotment Gardens<br />
History and Todays Political Question<br />
Overview of Areas in <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Organisation of Allotment Garden Areas<br />
Allotment Gardener Portraits<br />
RANKHOF-HÖRNLI<br />
Analysis of the Area<br />
Portrait FGV Bettingerweg, FGV Landauer, FGV Hörnli<br />
Planning and the existing Approach of a Park<br />
SOME STRATEGICAL THOUGHTS<br />
Problem of Privacy and Public Space<br />
From Allotment towards Urban Gardens<br />
CONCLUSION<br />
– 638 – – 639 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
INTRODUCTION<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
dieses Kapitel behandelt die thematik der Freizeitgärten in der stadt <strong>Basel</strong>. auf Grund der semesterorganisation<br />
wurde die arbeit an diesem thema vier Wochen vor semesterende abgebrochen, um<br />
das Kapitel „towards a Food-Masterplan“ zu erarbeiten.<br />
deshalb endet diese Kapitel nicht mit einem konkreten Vorschlag, sondern mit der entwicklung einer<br />
möglichen strategie zum Umgang mit Gärten innerhalb des stadtgebiets. dabei wird die heutige<br />
struktur der Familiengärten in Frage gestellt um eine mehr flexible, den austausch fördernde und<br />
der Öffentlichkeit zugänglicheren Form von Freizeitgärten zu entwickeln.<br />
– 640 – – 641 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
OVERVIEW <strong>BASEL</strong><br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
die stadt <strong>Basel</strong> verwaltet gegen 6‘000 Freizeitgarten Parzellen mit einer grösse von jeweils 2 aren.<br />
die Gartenareale, jeweils durch einen Verein definiert, können in der Grösse stark differieren. es gibt<br />
kleine areale mit einer Handvoll Gärten und kaum zu überblickende arealkonglomerate mit weit<br />
über tausend Gärten. diese areale liegen meist an der stadtgrenze. In früheren arbeiten des etH<br />
studio <strong>Basel</strong>s wurden diese areale jeweils als „urban Voids“ oder Blockaden bezeichnet.<br />
– 642 – – 643 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
FGV Landauer, April 2012<br />
Production of Food in<br />
Allotment Gardens<br />
Obwohl heute keine Pflicht zur Pflanzung von Gemüse und<br />
Früchte mehr besteht, weisen die meisten Gärten einen hohen<br />
Anteil an Gartenbaufläche aus, die zum Anbau genutzt<br />
werden.<br />
Es gibt keine Erhebung darüber wie viel in den Gärten an Lebensmitteln<br />
produziert wird. Man kann jedoch davon ausgehen,<br />
dass an einem Garten im Durchschnitt ein Haushalt von<br />
zwei Personen beteiligt ist und sich dieser mit genügend Gemüse<br />
selbst versorgt kann. So können werden gegen 12`000<br />
Personen mit frischem Gemüse aus Freizeitgärten versorgt.<br />
Verrechnet mit der durchschnittlichen täglichen Ernährung ergibt<br />
sich ein gesamtes Produktionsvolumen von über 1`000<br />
Tonnen Gemüse pro Jahr in Basler Freizeitgärten.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
So haben gut 6% der Basler Bevölkerung Zugang zu frischem,<br />
DRAFT<br />
unmittelbar vor der Haustür produzierten Produkten aus «eigenem»<br />
Garten. FGV Hörnli, April 2012<br />
– 644 – – 645 –<br />
FGV Hörnli, April 2012<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
History and Todays Political Question<br />
Wie eine Bittschrift von 1596 belegt wurden schon im Mittelalter<br />
gepachtete Gärten in den Stadtgräben von finanziell<br />
ärmeren Familien bestellt. Weiter sind Aufnahmen von 1858<br />
bekannt, die Gärten in den Stadtgräben zeigen. Erst ab 1909<br />
durch den «Frauenverein zur Hebung der Sittlichkeit» und<br />
1910 durch die «Gesellschaft für das Gute und Gemeinnützige<br />
(GGG)» wurde die Thematik von Schrebergärten institutionell<br />
aufgegriffen. Auf Grund der grossen Nachfrage nach Gärten<br />
während des ersten Weltkrieges übernimmt die Stadt erstmals<br />
1915 die Verwaltung von Pflanzland für Kleingärtner. Um<br />
1919 gab es um 10`000 Pflanzgärten. 1926 tritt die erste Gartenordnung<br />
in Kraft.<br />
Die grösste Nachfrage nach Gärten wurden während Krisen,<br />
den beiden Weltkriegen verzeichnet. Nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg<br />
sank die Anzahl der Gärten von damals 8`000 auf heute<br />
rund 6`000 Gärten. Bis zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts war<br />
jedoch die Nachfrage stets hoch. Erst in den letzten Jahren<br />
hat diese Nachfrage nachgelassen: langen Wartelisten gibt es<br />
heute kaum noch. Die Fluktuation ist hoch, Leerstände gibt es<br />
aber kaum.<br />
Seit den 70er Jahren werden die Bestimmungen zur Bepflanzung<br />
der Gärten nach und nach gelockert. Die offizielle<br />
Bezeichnung der Gärten wechselte von Pflanzland zu Familiengärten<br />
und heute zu Freizeitgärten. Eine Bepflanzung mit<br />
Gemüse oder Früchten ist heute nicht mehr vorgeschrieben.<br />
In den letzten 10 Jahren wurden die grossen Gartenareale<br />
öfters Blockaden und als Potential einer möglichen Stadtentwicklung<br />
bezeichnet (<strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>, Metrobasel GmbH).<br />
Einige grössere Areale sollten im Zusammenhang mit der laufenden<br />
Zonenplanrevision zugunsten von Wohnraum aufgehoben<br />
werden.<br />
Dies führte zu einem Wiederstand seitens der Freizeitgärtner,<br />
welcher sich in einer Volkinitiative manifestierte. Mit der Annahme<br />
des Gegenvorschlags der Regierung durch die Basler<br />
Stimmbevölkerung müssen nun 80% der Areale auf Stadtboden<br />
erhalten bleiben und in einer neu zu schaffende Zone für<br />
Freizeitgärten im Zonenplan festgelegt werden.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
1936, Familiengärten Holeestrasse (Staatsarchiv <strong>Basel</strong>)<br />
1938, Gärten Schönaustrasse (Staatsarchiv <strong>Basel</strong>)<br />
1942, Anbauschlacht, Kreuzgang Münster (Staatsarchiv <strong>Basel</strong>)<br />
1942, Anbauschlacht, Steinengraben (Staatsarchiv <strong>Basel</strong>)<br />
– 646 – – 647 –<br />
Übersichtsplan Pflanzgärten um 1945 (Source: Stadtgärtnerei <strong>Basel</strong>)<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
Gärten im Gellert um 1950 (Source: Stadtgärtnerei <strong>Basel</strong>)<br />
FGV Milchsuppe und <strong>Basel</strong>-West um 1950 (Stadtgärtnerei)<br />
– 648 – – 649 –<br />
Gellert 2011 (Source: Google Maps)<br />
DRAFT<br />
FGV Milchsuppe und <strong>Basel</strong>-West 2011 (Source: Google Maps)<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Overview of Areas in <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Freizeitgärten in <strong>Basel</strong> liegen meist unmittelbar in Gebieten<br />
die durch spezifische Grenzsituationen geprägt sind. So zum<br />
Beispiel die beiden grösseren Gebiete <strong>Basel</strong> West, wo ein<br />
Grossteil der Gärten sich auf französischem Territorium befinden,<br />
oder das Gebiet Rankhof - Hörnli, zwischen <strong>Basel</strong> und<br />
Riehen in unmittelbarer Nähr zum Grenzübergang Grenzach-<br />
Wyhlen, wo sich die grösste Ansammlung von Gärten auf Basler<br />
Boden befindet. Viele Gärten befinden sich nicht auf dem<br />
Gebiet des Kanton <strong>Basel</strong>-Stadt und sind im Nahen Umland in<br />
Frankreich und dem Kanton <strong>Basel</strong>-Land gelegen.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
– 650 – – 651 –<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
8<br />
9<br />
16<br />
11<br />
16<br />
10<br />
12<br />
13 14<br />
15<br />
1 FGV Milchsuppe<br />
2 FGV <strong>Basel</strong>-West, FGV Reibertweg,<br />
FGV Lachenweg, FGV St-Louis<br />
3 FGV Spalen-Hegenheimermattweg<br />
4 FGV Paradies, FGV Eigene Scholle<br />
5 FGV Thiersteinerrain<br />
6 FGV Zu den 3 Häusern,<br />
FGV Auf der Alp<br />
7 FGV Klosterfiechten<br />
8 FGV Förlinsrain<br />
9 FGV Dreispitz<br />
10 FGV Hagnau<br />
11 FGV Spitalmatten-Habermatten<br />
12 FGV Bäumlihof<br />
13 FGV Landauer<br />
DRAFT<br />
14 FGV Hörnli<br />
15 FGV Bettingerweg<br />
16 FGV Rankhof<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
FGV Spitalmatten-Habermatten FGV Bettingerweg<br />
FGV Milchsuppe, FGV <strong>Basel</strong>-West<br />
– 652 – – 653 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
FGV Dreispitz<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
public authority<br />
Landowners<br />
Einwohnergemeinde <strong>Basel</strong>-Stadt<br />
Bürgerspital<br />
Kanton <strong>Basel</strong>-Landschaft<br />
Christoph Merian-Stiftung<br />
Industrielle Werke <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Deutsche Bundesbahn<br />
level city<br />
Administration<br />
Stadtgärtnerei, Abteilung Familiengärten<br />
3 full time jobs and 1 trainee<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Organisation of Allotment Garden<br />
Areas in <strong>Basel</strong> by Stadtgärtnerei<br />
Die Organisation und Administration der Basler Freizeitgärten<br />
ist kompliziert, äusserst unflexibel und ermöglicht kaum Neuerungen.<br />
Jeder Pächter hat ein direktes Vertragsverhältnis mit<br />
der Stadt einerseit, ist anderseits aber auch Mitglied des jeweiligen<br />
Pächervereins ein Areals. Auf Grund dieser Situation<br />
gibt es kaum eine Möglichkeit aus dem «Courante Normal»<br />
auszubrechen und die Struktur der Gärten zu reformieren obwohl<br />
es durchaus Interessen gäbe die Gartenareale aufzuwerten<br />
oder in eine aktuellere, mehr dem Zeitgeist entsprechende<br />
Form zu übertragen.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
level plot level area level city<br />
5750 tenants<br />
35 FGV<br />
contract (207.- rent/year) membership (about 50.-)<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
Organigramm der Basler Familiengärten<br />
private organisation ><br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
FGV<br />
Familiengarten - Verein<br />
allotment garden club<br />
FGV<br />
Familiengarten - Verein<br />
allotment garden club<br />
< public authority<br />
level city<br />
Administration<br />
Zentralverband der Basler<br />
Familiengärten-Vereine<br />
central association of <strong>Basel</strong>s<br />
allotment garden clubs<br />
private organisation ><br />
level area level plot<br />
Tenant<br />
FGV Tenant<br />
FGV<br />
Alternatives, weltweit verbreitetes Organigramm<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
– 654 – – 655 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
FGV Bettingerweg<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
– 656 – – 657 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
FGV Milchsuppe<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
GARDENER PORTRAIT<br />
Elfi Pompinis Bio-Garden<br />
Gartenareal: FGV Spitalmatten-Habermatten<br />
Anzahl Jahre: 27<br />
Anzahl Parzellen: 1 + 1/2 für Kartoffeln<br />
Anzahl Personen: 2 (Ehepaar)<br />
Tätigkeit: Pensionärin<br />
Zeitaufwand: täglich 2-3 Stunden<br />
Tomaten, Beinwell, Kürbis, Koriander, Kartoffeln, Krautstiel,<br />
Fenchel, roter Knoblauch, Karotten, Zitronenmelisse, Thymian,<br />
Zitronen-Thymian, Salbei, Schnittlauch, Petersilien, Frühlingszwiebeln,<br />
Salate, Nüsslisalat, Majoran, Rosmarin, Maggikraut,<br />
Bohnen, Erbsen, Spitzkabis, Blumenkohl, Kohlrabi, Spinat,<br />
Zwiebeln, Digitalis, Azaleen, Christrose, Klematis, Mohn, Lupinien,<br />
Apfelbaum, Birnbaum etc.<br />
Alles wird selbst gemacht: vom Setzling über Kompost bis zur<br />
speziell hergestellten Dünger-Jauche. Elfi Pompinis Garten ist<br />
ein ausgeklügeltes, sehr gepflegtes System. Akribisch erhält<br />
jede Pflanze erhält die optimalen, entsprechenden Bedingungen,<br />
welche Elfi Pompini über die Jahre kennen gelernt hat.<br />
Es werden keine Zusätze wie Kunstdünger oder Pestizide verwendet,<br />
trotzdem werden hohe Erträge durch die intensive<br />
Pflege erzielt.<br />
Trotz der ausserordentlichen, wohl eher seltenen Sorgfalt<br />
kann dieser Garten als typisches Beispiel eines Freizeitgartens<br />
verstanden werden: die meisten Gärten werden auch heute<br />
vor allem zum Anbau von eigenem Gemüse genutzt.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
Setzlinge<br />
Spriessende Kartoffeln<br />
Dünger-Jauche mit Kräutern und Steinmehl<br />
Frühbeet<br />
– 658 – – 659 –<br />
Elfi Pompini<br />
DRAFT<br />
Gemüseproduktion für einen 2 Personen Haushalt<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
GARDENER PORTRAIT<br />
Berti’s Paradise<br />
Gartenareal: FGV Landauer<br />
Anzahl Jahre: 6 im Landauer, 20 Jahre im Hörnli<br />
Anzahl Parzellen: 3 Kleintierparzellen<br />
Anzahl Personen: 1<br />
Tätigkeit: Schichtleiter Roche<br />
Zeitaufwand: täglich nach der Arbeit 3-4 Stunden<br />
Kaninchen, Hühner, Goldfasane, Wachteln, Sittiche, Enten,<br />
Rettich, Radieschen, Pastinaken, Spargeln, Steckrüben, Futterrüben<br />
für Tiere, Karotten, Radicchio, Stockbohnen, div. Salate,<br />
Kartoffeln, div. Kräuter, Blumenkohl, Kabis, Randen, Schwarzwurzeln,<br />
Lauch, Salbei, Spinat, Wirsing, Kefe, Zwiebeln, Knoblauch,<br />
Gurken, Blaubeeren, Stachelberen, Maggikraut, Koriander,<br />
Meerrettich, Zucchetti, Topinambur, Bohnenkraut, Kürbis,<br />
Äpfel, Zwetschgen, Mirabellen, Apfelfeigen etc.<br />
Berti, aufgewachsen auf einem Bauernhof, gelernter Metzger<br />
und passionierter Koch braucht seinen drei Gärten in erster<br />
Linie als Ausgleich zum Beruf. Nach der Arbeit verbringt er jeweils<br />
mehrere Stunden in seinem Garten. Obwohl Berti viel<br />
produziert kommt der Erhohlung einen hohen Stellenwert zu.<br />
So macht er in erster Linie was ihm Spass macht - er hat exotische<br />
Tiere, baut ungewöhnliches Gemüse an oder baut einen<br />
Pizzaofen der dann zu einem Pilz gemacht wird.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
Frischer Kaninchenwurf<br />
Goldfasan<br />
Hühner<br />
Kleine Küche<br />
– 660 – – 661 –<br />
Voliere mit Goldfasan, Sittichen und Wachteln, Gemüsebeet, Gewächshaus<br />
DRAFT<br />
Künstlerische Kräuterbeete und der selbstgebauter Pizzaofen<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
GARDENER PORTRAIT<br />
Unigärten <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Gartenareal: FGV Milchsuppe<br />
Anzahl Jahre: 1<br />
Anzahl Parzellen: 2<br />
Anzahl Personen: 2 (aktiv) + 6 (sporadisch) pro Parzelle<br />
Tätigkeit: Studenten<br />
Zeitaufwand: 2x pro Woche 1-2h, + Wochenende<br />
Radieschen, Blumen, Zwiebeln, Erdbeeren, Erbsen, Mais,<br />
equatorianische Kartoffeln, feigenbaum, Kohlrabi, Salat, wilder<br />
Meerrettich, Spinat, Knoblauch, Goldmelisse, Nüsslisalat, Salat,<br />
Fenchel, Weiden, Melde, Ringelblumen, Rhabarber,<br />
Unigärten <strong>Basel</strong> sind ein offizieller Verein der von Studenten<br />
geleitet wird und vor einem Jahr gegründet wurde. Bis heute<br />
hat er ca. 40 Mitglieder. Ihr Ziel ist die Etablierung von Gärten<br />
in der Stadt die durch Studenten bewirtschaftet werden. Auf<br />
Grund des Mangels an innerstädtischem Raum für Gemeinschaftsgärten<br />
musste der Verein auf das bestehende Familiengarten-Angebot<br />
zurück greifen. Langfristig möchte der Verein<br />
jedoch mehr Raum in der Stadt finden - wie zum Beispiel der<br />
Garten im Hof der Mission 21 in unmittelbarer Nähe zur Universität.<br />
Die beiden Gärten im Familiengartenareal Milchsuppe werden<br />
jeweils von zwei Teams à 8 Personen betreut, wovon jeweils<br />
zwei den Lead und die Verantwortung übernehmen. Schwierigkeiten<br />
gibt es in der Organisation und der Planung der Gärten<br />
- mittels Plänen wird versucht die wichtigsten Informationen<br />
ähnlich einem Logbuch zu erfassen. Die Bewirtschaftung<br />
der Gärten folgt den Ideen von Permaculture.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
Gartenplan 2012<br />
Werkzeugkiste<br />
Kompost<br />
Gartenplan<br />
– 662 – – 663 –<br />
Aktive am Samstag morgen<br />
DRAFT<br />
Diese Parzelle wurde vor einem Jahr übernommen<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
RANKHOF-HÖRNLI<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
das Gebiet zwischen Rankhof und Hörnli entlang des Rheins ist einer der letzten grösseren Grünräume<br />
der stadt <strong>Basel</strong>. Kaum bewohnt beherbergt das Gebiet typische Randnutzungen wie sportplätze,<br />
riesige Familiengartenareale oder anderweitige Funktionen wie ein Robispielplatz auf. Geprägt durch<br />
unzählige Unzulänglichkeiten und Grenzen weisst das Gebiet für aussenstehende kaum aufenthalts-<br />
Qualitäten auf.<br />
– 664 – – 665 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Aerial View (H. Becherer, Satdgärtnerei <strong>Basel</strong>)<br />
Analysis of the Area<br />
Die Ausfallachse wird durch eine endlose Hecke, hinter der<br />
sich die Freizeitgärten befinden, gesäumt. Auf der gegenüberliegenden<br />
Strassenseite versperrt das älteste Naturschutzgebiet<br />
der Schweiz die Sicht auf den Rhein.<br />
Das Gebiet zwischen Rankhof und Hörnli wird durch eine typischer<br />
Randnutzungen besetzt. Es gibt einige Sportplätze, unzählige<br />
Freizeitgärten, Bahndämme, den Robispielplätz, kleine<br />
Wohnsiedlungen oder den Hunde-Dressurverein. Das Gebiet<br />
besteht aus einer Vielzahl schwierig zugänglicher Nutzungsschollen,<br />
zwischen denen kaum Raum mit Aufenthaltsqualität<br />
vor zu finden ist. Als eines der letzten grösseren Grünräume<br />
der Stadt <strong>Basel</strong>, als Verbindung zwischen der Langen Erle und<br />
dem Rhein, kann das Gebiet kaum gelesen werden. Unzählige<br />
Begrenzungen schränken diesen Grünraum ein.<br />
Ein Grossteil der Basler Freizeitgärten auf Stadtgebiet liegen<br />
im diesem Gebiet und schränken eine mögliche Entwicklung<br />
dieses Areals ein.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
– 666 – – 667 –<br />
Freizeitgärten<br />
DRAFT<br />
Rhein mit Kraftwerk Birsfelden<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Rheinbord - ältestes Naturschutzgebiet der Schweiz<br />
Eisenbahtrasse - ökologisch wervolle Nischen<br />
Strassen und Verbindungen<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
– 668 – – 669 –<br />
Bebauungen<br />
Sportplätze<br />
DRAFT<br />
Freizeitgartenareale<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Bebauung mit Rhein<br />
Erschliessung und Verkehrsintensität<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
– 670 – – 671 –<br />
Räumiche Begrenzungen<br />
DRAFT<br />
Zugänglichkeit der unterschiedlichen Schollen<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Zwischen Freizeitgärten<br />
Zwischen Freizeitgärten und Bahndamm<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
– 672 – – 673 –<br />
Zwischen Freizeitgärten<br />
DRAFT<br />
Zwischen Bahntrasse und Sportplatz<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
FGV Rankhof I<br />
Founded 1924<br />
Plots 78 units<br />
Area 187 ares<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
FGV Hirzbrunnen<br />
Founded -<br />
Plots 28 units<br />
Area 62 ares<br />
FGV Rankhof II<br />
Founded 1924<br />
Plots 41 units<br />
Area 92 ares<br />
FGV Bäumlihof I<br />
Founded 1919<br />
Plots 81 units<br />
Area 185 ares<br />
FGV Rankhof III<br />
Founded 1924<br />
Plots 130 units<br />
Area 286 ares<br />
FGV Bäumlihof II<br />
Founded 1919<br />
Plots 203 units<br />
Area 476 ares<br />
FGV Landauer<br />
Founded 1942<br />
Plots 183 units<br />
Area 437 ares<br />
– 674 – – 675 –<br />
FGV Bettingerweg<br />
Founded -<br />
Plots 348 units<br />
Area 779 ares<br />
FGV Hörnli<br />
Founded 1943<br />
Plots 282 units<br />
Area 605 ares<br />
DRAFT<br />
Rankhof-Hörnli, 1371 Freizeitgärten auf 2.8 ha Land.<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Plan FGV Bettingerweg<br />
Portrait FGV Bettingerweg<br />
Gegründet: -<br />
Anzahl Parzellen: 384 plots<br />
Fläche: 779 a<br />
Kosten pro Parzelle / Jahr: 347.-<br />
Veranstaltungen / Jahr: 3<br />
Das Familiengartenareal Bettingerweg liegt direkt an der<br />
Grenzacherstrasse und wird durch einen Weg in zwei Teile getrennt.<br />
Der Ausländeranteil ist relativ hoch und die Integration<br />
manchmal schwierig. Einerseits bildet die Sprache und das<br />
kulturelle Verständnis oft eine grosse Hürde, anderseits gibt<br />
es innerhalb der Areals unterschiedliche Clanbildungen, was<br />
eine Integration erschweren kann. Mit beinahe 400 Parzellen<br />
ist das Areal eher gross und schwierig zu kontrollieren.<br />
Das Areal hat auffallen viele alte Gartenhäuser die zum Teil<br />
schon gegen 80 Jahre alt sind und den heutigen Reglements<br />
nicht mehr entsprechen würden.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
50m<br />
– 676 – – 677 –<br />
Die Gärten unterliegen einem strengen Raster, im Hinetrgrund das Grenzacherhorn.<br />
DRAFT<br />
Vermutlich älteste Gartenhaus des Areals.<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Plan FGV Landauer<br />
Portrait FGV Landauer<br />
Gegründet: 1942<br />
Anzahl Parzellen: 183 plots<br />
Fläche: 437 a<br />
Kosten pro Parzelle /Jahr: 327.-<br />
Veranstaltungen / Jahr: 1<br />
Wie ein Band legt sich das Familiengartenareal Landauer um<br />
die gleichnamige, eingeschossig Siedlung mit den auffälligen<br />
roten Zweifamilienhäusern. Einige dieser Häuser nutzen einen<br />
Garten als Erweiterung der eigenen Grundstückfläche. Die ungewöhnliche<br />
Form des Areals lässt es sehr übersichtlich und<br />
familiär erscheinen.<br />
Entlang des Bahndamms im nördlichen Bereich ist einer der<br />
wenigen Bereiche in <strong>Basel</strong>, wo Kleintierzucht in den Gärten<br />
erlaubt ist. Es gibt vor allem Hühner, Kaninchen und einige<br />
Taubenzüchter. Als Voraussetzung um einen solchen Garten<br />
mit Kleintierzucht zu erhalten ist eine Mitgliedschaft in einem<br />
Verband nötig.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
FGV Hörnli<br />
50m<br />
– 678 – – 679 –<br />
Hühner, Zwiebel, Gewächshäuser und Schweizerfahnen vor dem Bahndamm nach Riehen.<br />
DRAFT<br />
Das Gartenareal Landauer steht in einer koexistiert zusammen mit der charmanten Siedlung Landauer.<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Plan FGV Hörnli<br />
Portrait FGV Hörnli<br />
Gegründet: 1943<br />
Anzahl Parzellen: 282 plots<br />
Fläche: 605 a<br />
Kosten pro Parzelle: 307.-<br />
Veranstaltungen / Jahr: 10<br />
FGV Landauer<br />
Wenn man das Areal des FVG Hörnli betritt empfängt einem<br />
ein Hauch des Südens - man fühlt sich ein wenig in eine andere<br />
Welt versetzt. Auch der Kataster für schätzenswerte Naturobjekte<br />
bezeichnet das Freizeitgartenareal als ein wertvolle<br />
Areal. Dieses Areal scheint durchaus eine spezifische Qualität<br />
zu haben, die andernorts so nicht auftritt. Es gibt ein starkes<br />
Raster und unmerklich leicht erhöht bildet das von aussen<br />
nicht zugängliche Depot das Zentrum des Gartens, wo auch<br />
aussergewöhnlich viele Anlässe veranstaltet werden.<br />
Einige Parzellen sind stillgelegt und werden der Natur überlassen.<br />
Begleitet von einer trinationalen Organisation sollen<br />
diese kleine Rückzugsoasen und Trittbretter für seltene Tiere<br />
und Pflanzen bilden.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
50m<br />
– 680 – – 681 –<br />
Das ausgesprochen markante Raster und die sanfte Topografie bieten eine hohe räumliche Qualität.<br />
DRAFT<br />
Stillgelegte Gärten bilden Trittbretter zur Ausbreitung seltener Pflanzen- und Tierarten.<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Existing Planning and the<br />
Approach of a Park<br />
lang der Bahn nachvollziehbar. Weitergehende Aussagen zur Etappierung werden nicht gemacht.<br />
natuR, lanDSchaFt unD FReIRauM<br />
Der regionale grossräumige Lebens- und Landschaftsraum (Regiobogen) bzw. die heutige durch Landwirtschaftsflächen,<br />
Familiengärten, Sportanlagen und Siedlungsinseln usw. bestimmte Grünzäsur<br />
zwischen <strong>Basel</strong> und Riehen wird zu einem grossen baumreichen Landschaftspark umgestaltet, in dem<br />
im mittleren Feld südlich der Bahnlinie eine Kette mit ca. 15 neuen dominierenden Hochhäusern (20<br />
und mehr Geschosse) bezeichnet ist. Die Siedlungskante Riehens wird verstärkt durch neue Baufelder<br />
aus Reihenhäusern mit Hausgärten, die an die lokale Bautradition anknüpfen. Ganz im Westen wird an<br />
der Grenzacherstrasse ein dicht überbauter Stadtabschluss mit einer neuen Platzanlage ausgebildet.<br />
Dieser Landschaftspark gliedert sich in drei unterschiedliche Parkanlagen: Bäumlihof-, Landauerund<br />
Grenzacherpark. Das bestehende Muster an Baumreihen und -alleen wird durch weitere Alleen,<br />
dichte Baumgärten und lockere Baumgruppen ergänzt. Allmendartige Wiesen, neue Formen von Freizeitgärten<br />
und urbane Parkanlagen ersetzen die heutigen Familiengartenareale.<br />
Eine naturräumliche und ökologische Vernetzung Nord-Süd ist in diesen Landschaftspark integrierbar.<br />
Der Landschaftspark Bäumlihof sichert die dort bestehende Grundwasserschutzzone. Der Versiegelungsgrad<br />
liegt tief. Die Bahndämme bleiben im Charakter bestehen, werden jedoch durch die<br />
nahe Hochhauskette in ihrer Bedeutung als Vernetzungsstrukturen (Schattenwurf, Unruhe usw.) beeinträchtigt.<br />
Die Rheinfront ist ein Bestandteil des Grenzacherparks; das Naturschutzgebiet entlang<br />
der Rheinhalde wird zwar im Charakter weitgehend erhalten, verliert aber durch einen breiten Zugang<br />
mit Freilichtbühne und durch das vorgelagerte Seebad im Rhein seine Bedeutung als naturbe-<br />
Die Testplanung (2009/2010 stimmter ruhiger - Diener&Diener aquatischer Lebensraum. Architekten mit<br />
mit August Künzel Landschaftsarchitekten), welche die Grundlage<br />
zur Zonenplanrevision Grenzacherstrasse. ist, sieht auf dem Areal zwischen<br />
Rankhof und Hörnli eine punktuelle Bebauung mit Wohn-<br />
><br />
hochhäusern vor. Gleichzeitig soll eine parkähnlich Landschaft<br />
entstehen, die das Gebiet zwischen Bäumlihof und Rhein zu<br />
einem riesigen Stadtpark verbindet. Darin soll es wie bis anhin<br />
auch Raum für Freizeitgärten und Sport geben. Weitere Nutzungen<br />
wie ein Zugang zum Rhein mit einem Rheinbad sind<br />
angedacht - eine Vielzahl verschiedener Funktionen sollen nebeneinander<br />
koexistieren können.<br />
Im Zusammenhang mit den Freizeitgärten stellt sich die Frage<br />
wie ein solcher Park mit den Arealen zusammen kommt und<br />
wie sich die Freizeitgartenareale in den Park einbringen? Können<br />
sie zu sie zu interagierenden Orten in einem grossen Park<br />
transformiert werden?<br />
uNGEN TESTplaNuNG OST DIeneR &DIeneR aRchItekten<br />
s<br />
Fast alle Familiengartenareale werden zu öffentlichen Parkanlagen oder Baufeldern; im Landauerpark<br />
werden neue Freizeitgärten integriert. Den Reihenhäusern sind Hausgärten zugeordnet. Es entsteht<br />
ein reiches Angebot an öffentlichen Freiflächen, Fusswegen und Parkzugängen. Die Sportfelder<br />
werden reduziert. Die vorgeschlagene Freilichtbühne steht im Widerspruch zur stark befahrenen<br />
F a Z i T<br />
Der vorgeschlagene ansatz, die entwicklung von der landschaftsräumlichen Qualifizierung und<br />
dem gewinn an öffentlichen Räumen zu denken, ist überzeugend. basel und Riehen durch Freiraumqualitäten<br />
und ergänzende bebauung mit besonderen typologien in diesem Raum zu entwickeln<br />
und die bauliche ergänzung der Stadt- und Dorfränder ist eine tragfähige und vermittelbare<br />
Strategie. positiv wirkt sich der geringe gebäudefussabdruck der hochhäuser aus, welcher weiterhin<br />
eine naturräumliche ökologische Vernetzung von nord nach Süd sowie ein reiches angebot<br />
an öffentlichen Freiflächen, Fusswegen und parkzugängen ermöglicht.<br />
Im Zuge einer weiteren Vertiefung sind zahlreiche umsetzungsbezogene Fragen zu klären und<br />
zu überlegen, wie das Rheinufer im einklang mit naturschutzinteressen als attraktiver südlicher<br />
endpunkt des neuen parks gestaltet werden kann. Zudem müsste in einer weiterbearbeitung die<br />
erhaltung einer möglichst grossen anzahl von Familiengärten zum Ziel gesetzt und die Reduktion<br />
von Sportfeldern vermieden werden.<br />
und Dimensionierung punktueller Wohnbauten am und im Park unterzogen werden. Zudem war die<br />
noch sorgfältigere Untersuchung der Auswirkungen auf die Wahrnehmbarkeit des Parks als Element<br />
der Stadtlandschaft und auf die Integration von Sport- und Familiengartenanlagen notwendig. Die<br />
Weiterbearbeitung erfolgte in Zusammenarbeit mit August Künzel Landschaftsarchitekten.<br />
Im Endergebnis wird die freiräumliche Durchlässigkeit erhöht, indem die mittlere der drei Hochhaus-<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
gruppen um ein Gebäude reduziert wird. Zudem hält das Abrücken der Hochhäuser vom Bahndamm<br />
die längerfristige Option einer Verlegung der Grenzacherstrasse offen und entschärft gleichzeitig die<br />
Lärmproblematik im Zusammenhang mit der Bahn. Mit dem optimierten Vorschlag können alle öffentlichen<br />
und genossenschaftlichen Sportfelder im Planungsgebiet untergebracht werden.<br />
STaDTRaNDENTWickluNGEN TESTplaNuNG OST DIeneR &DIeneR aRchItekten<br />
Testplanung GESaMTplaN NacH DER Ost WEiTERBEaRBEiTuNG: (BVD <strong>Basel</strong>stadt, Diener&Diener)<br />
Reduktion der Hochhäuser, abrücken der Hochhäuser<br />
vom Bahndamm<br />
STaDTRaNDENTWickluNGEN TESTplaNuNG OST DIeneR &DIeneR aRchItekten<br />
28 29<br />
Vogelschau mit Blick aus<br />
Richtung Nordwesten<br />
von Gebäuden geprägt wird und durch die in Tunnellage geführte Grenzacherstrasse und das Seebad<br />
eine Steigerung der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung und Nutzbarkeit erfährt, ist in der Endfassung zwar<br />
die Öffentlichkeitstauglichkeit des Grenzacherparkes sehr viel grösser, aber der Gesamtraum in der<br />
ansicht mit Blick aus<br />
Stadt städtebaulich nicht mehr hervorgehoben, die Grenzacherstrasse zur Stadtstrasse rückgebaut<br />
Richtung Südosten<br />
und das Seebad über eine mit Freilichtbühne kombinierte Unterquerung, d.h. punktuell erreichbar.<br />
Neben den drei Parks ist als Wesentliches – und als Attraktion für die Region – der Vorschlag des Seebades<br />
zu sehen. Es bildet den Auftakt von Süden und wichtigen Höhepunkt der Parklandschaft, weil<br />
dadurch der Rhein in einer ganz neuen Form räumlich und funktional erlebbar wird.<br />
StaDt- unD DORFRänDeR<br />
Die drei Parkabschnitte erfahren im Wesentlichen auf der Basler Seite, im Nord-Osten zur Riehener<br />
Seite jeweils eine klare Begrenzung, die auch durch eine unterschiedliche freiraumplanerische<br />
Gestaltung die drei Räume lesbar macht. Insbesondere auf der Riehener Seite entstehen neue Bau-<br />
Vogelschau mit Blick aus Parklandschaft (BVD <strong>Basel</strong>stadt, Diener&Diener)<br />
Richtung Nordwesten<br />
ansicht mit Blick aus<br />
Richtung Südosten<br />
DIeneR &DIeneR aRchItekten TESTplaNuNG OST STaDTRaNDENTWickluNGEN<br />
von Gebäuden geprägt wird und durch die in Tunnellage geführte Grenzacherstrasse und das Seebad<br />
eine Steigerung der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung und Nutzbarkeit erfährt, ist in der Endfassung zwar<br />
die Öffentlichkeitstauglichkeit des Grenzacherparkes sehr viel grösser, aber der Gesamtraum in der<br />
Stadt städtebaulich nicht mehr hervorgehoben, die Grenzacherstrasse zur Stadtstrasse rückgebaut<br />
und das Seebad über eine mit Freilichtbühne kombinierte Unterquerung, d.h. punktuell erreichbar.<br />
Neben den drei Parks ist als Wesentliches – und als Attraktion für die Region – der Vorschlag des Seebades<br />
zu sehen. Es bildet den Auftakt von Süden und wichtigen Höhepunkt der Parklandschaft, weil<br />
dadurch der Rhein in einer ganz neuen Form räumlich und funktional erlebbar wird.<br />
StaDt- unD DORFRänDeR<br />
Die drei Parkabschnitte erfahren im Wesentlichen auf der Basler Seite, im Nord-Osten zur Riehener<br />
Seite jeweils eine klare Begrenzung, die auch durch eine unterschiedliche freiraumplanerische<br />
Gestaltung die drei Räume lesbar macht. Insbesondere auf der Riehener Seite entstehen neue Baufelder,<br />
die vielfältige und neue – vorstädtische – Wohnformen zulassen. Die neue S-Bahn-Haltestel-<br />
Gärten, Sport und Rheinbad (BVD <strong>Basel</strong>stadt, Diener&Diener)<br />
Familiengärten im park,<br />
Freilichtbühne mit unterführung<br />
zum Rhein, Seebad<br />
DIeneR &DIeneR aRchItekten TESTplaNuNG OST STaDTRaNDENTWickluNGEN<br />
le mit ergänzender Bebauung im Umfeld wird so Mitte eines neuen Quartiers. Die vorgeschlagene<br />
Freiraumverbindung zwischen Hörnli- und Landauerpark ist besonders hervorzuheben – wenngleich<br />
hierfür der Abriss eines Teils der Randbebauung gegenüber dem Eingang zum Friedhof vorgeschlagen<br />
wird. Der «Stadteingang» nach <strong>Basel</strong> wird durch den Grenzacherplatz hervorgehoben.<br />
QualItät neueR wOhnungSangebOte<br />
Von allen vorgelegten Konzepten wird mit 6’500 Einwohnern, davon 4’200 in <strong>Basel</strong>, die höchste Anzahl<br />
vorgeschlagen. Damit ist die Kapazität des Kantons für 10 Jahre in diesem Raum verortet. Eine quantitative<br />
Reduktion ist demnach nahe liegend. Standortwahl und Bebauungstypologien bieten für ein<br />
oberes und z.T. mittleres Segment unterschiedliche Wohnformen – auch für neue Angebote. Auf der<br />
zu betrachtenden Planungsebene sind keine strukturellen Probleme weder beim Zwischenergebnis<br />
noch in der Endfassung erkennbar. Allerdings ist bei den Häusern im Park die Klärung zwischen öffentlich<br />
und privat noch zu leisten. Bei der in der Endvariante vorgestellten Hochhausbebauung ist mit<br />
Beeinträchtigungen durch Lärm zu rechnen, die durch Grundrissanordnung und technische Massnahmen<br />
zu lösen wären. ><br />
Familiengärten im park,<br />
Freilichtbühne mit unterführung<br />
zum Rhein, Seebad<br />
26<br />
unterführung von der<br />
Freilichtbühne zum Rhein<br />
27<br />
le mit ergänzender Bebauung im Umfeld wird so Mitte eines neuen Quartiers. Die vorgeschlagene<br />
Freiraumverbindung zwischen Hörnli- und Landauerpark ist besonders hervorzuheben – wenngleich<br />
hierfür der Abriss eines Teils der Randbebauung gegenüber dem Eingang zum Friedhof vorgeschlagen<br />
wird. Der «Stadteingang» nach <strong>Basel</strong> wird durch den Grenzacherplatz hervorgehoben.<br />
QualItät neueR wOhnungSangebOte<br />
Skyline (BVD <strong>Basel</strong>stadt, Diener&Diener)<br />
Von allen vorgelegten Konzepten wird mit 6’500 Einwohnern, davon 4’200 in <strong>Basel</strong>, die höchste Anzahl<br />
vorgeschlagen. Damit ist die Kapazität des Kantons für 10 Jahre in diesem Raum verortet. Eine quan-<br />
von Gebäuden geprägt wird und durch die in Tunnellage geführte Grenzacherstrasse und das Seebad<br />
titative Reduktion ist demnach nahe liegend. Standortwahl und Bebauungstypologien bieten für ein<br />
eine Steigerung oberes und z.T. der mittleres öffentlichen Segment unterschiedliche Wahrnehmung Wohnformen und – Nutzbarkeit auch für neue Angebote. erfährt, Auf ist der in der Endfassung zwar<br />
DRAFT<br />
FGV Hörnli<br />
le mit ergänzender Bebauung im Umfeld wird so Mitte eines neuen Quartiers. Die vorgeschlagene © <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Freiraumverbindung zwischen Hörnli- und Landauerpark ist besonders hervorzuheben – wenngleich<br />
zu betrachtenden Planungsebene sind keine strukturellen Probleme weder beim Zwischenergebnis<br />
– 682 die Öffentlichkeitstauglichkeit – des Grenzacherparkes sehr viel grösser, aber der Gesamtraum in der<br />
noch in der Endfassung erkennbar. Allerdings ist bei den Häusern im Park die Klärung zwischen öf-<br />
Stadt städtebaulich nicht mehr hervorgehoben, die Grenzacherstrasse zur Stadtstrasse rückgebaut<br />
fentlich und privat noch zu leisten. Bei der in der Endvariante vorgestellten Hochhausbebauung ist mit<br />
und das Beeinträchtigungen Seebad über durch eine Lärm mit zu Freilichtbühne rechnen, die durch kombinierte Grundrissanordnung Unterquerung, und technische Mass- d.h. punktuell erreichbar.<br />
hierfür der Abriss eines Teils der Randbebauung gegenüber dem – 683 Eingang – zum Friedhof vorgeschlagen<br />
wird. Der «Stadteingang» nach <strong>Basel</strong> wird durch den Grenzacherplatz hervorgehoben.<br />
unterführung von der<br />
Freilichtbühne zum Rhein<br />
DIeneR &DIeneR aRchItekten TESTplaNuNG OST STaDTRaNDENTWickluNGEN<br />
Familiengärten im park,<br />
Freilichtbühne mit unterführung<br />
zum Rhein, Seebad<br />
unterführung von der<br />
Freilichtbühne zum Rhein<br />
Grünraum Bäumlihof
SOME STRATEGICAL THOUGHTS<br />
Existierende Situation FGV Hörnli<br />
PROBLEM OF PRIVACY<br />
AND PUBLIC SPACE<br />
Freizeitgärten sind in erster Linie durch Pacht privat genutzte<br />
Grundstücke auf öffentlichem Grund - quasi eine Erweiterung<br />
des persönlichen Wohnraums. Ein strenges Reglementarium<br />
ermöglicht die Koexistenz solcher Parzellen in grösseren Gebieten.<br />
Diese sind nach aussen zwar geschlossene, in sich jedoch<br />
recht offene. Die Offenheit dieser Areale in sich ist das<br />
Resultat eines stillen Einverständnisses. Trotz der Grösse der<br />
Gebiete entsteht kaum eine Abkapselung der einzelnen Parzellen<br />
als geschlossene Gärtchen - zurückzuführen ist dies auf<br />
das Verständnis eines Areals als gemeinsame «Blase». Was<br />
würde geschehen wenn man diese «Blasen» auflösen, beziehungsweise<br />
diese uneingeschränkt der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich<br />
gemacht würden? Vermutlich würde ein «Abkapselungs-<br />
Effekt» eintreten, wo die einzelnen Parzellen viel mehr in sich<br />
geschlossen würden. Die Öffnung von Freizeitgartenarealen<br />
sollte somit mit einer Transformation der heutigen Struktur erfolgen<br />
- eine direkte physische Öffnung ist heute wohl kaum<br />
denkbar.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
– 684 – – 685 –<br />
Privacy Reaction: Bad Future<br />
DRAFT<br />
Public Exchange: Good Future<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Projektidee:<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
„Stadtgärten statt Schrebergärten“<br />
Strategien zum Umgang mit Gärten<br />
in und um das Stadtgebiet.<br />
Fragestellung:<br />
- Wie werden Gärten zu interagierenden, urbanen Orte?<br />
- Wie können Gärten mehr in die Stadt gebracht werden?<br />
- Wie können sich Freizeitgartenareale transformieren?<br />
Ein zentraler organisatorischer Eingriff: Vereinfachung der komplexen<br />
organisatorischen Strukturen durch die Schaffung einer eher hierarchischen<br />
Organisationsform.<br />
< public authority<br />
Landowners<br />
Einwohnergemeinde <strong>Basel</strong>-Stadt<br />
Bürgerspital<br />
Kanton <strong>Basel</strong>-Landschaft<br />
Christoph Merian-Stiftung<br />
Industrielle Werke <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Deutsche Bundesbahn<br />
level city<br />
Administration<br />
Stadtgärtnerei, Abteilung Familiengärten<br />
3 full time jobs and 1 trainee<br />
private organisation ><br />
level plot level area level city<br />
5750 tenants<br />
35 FGV<br />
contract (207.- rent/year) membership (about 50.-)<br />
Tenant<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
contract (207.- rent/year)<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
membership (about 50.-)<br />
FGV<br />
Familiengarten - Verein<br />
allotment garden club<br />
FGV<br />
Familiengarten - Verein<br />
allotment garden club<br />
Zentralverband der Basler<br />
Familiengärten-Vereine<br />
central association of <strong>Basel</strong>s<br />
allotment garden clubs<br />
< public authority<br />
level city<br />
Administration<br />
private organisation ><br />
level area<br />
Tenant<br />
FGV Tenant<br />
Durch die Bildung eines Akteurs wird Verantwortung und Verpflichtung<br />
geschaffen. Der Akteur soll nicht mehr als regulierendes Organ<br />
einer Ansammlung von Einzelinteressen dienen sondern eine aktive<br />
Rolle mit Setzung von spezifischen Themen, auch im Bezug zum urbanen<br />
Umfeld, agieren.<br />
< public authority private organisation ><br />
level city level area level plot<br />
Administration<br />
Tenant<br />
FGV Tenant<br />
FGV<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
FGV<br />
level plot<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
Tenant<br />
AKTEUR<br />
Der Akteur tritt als Bespieler eines Ortes auf - die wesentlichen Ideen<br />
und Überlegungen sind in Bezug zu Ort/Situation und Akteur/Institution<br />
zu machen.<br />
LANDEIGENTÜMER<br />
ADMINISTRATION<br />
ORT<br />
AKTEUR<br />
FUNKTION<br />
AKTEURE<br />
Etablierte:<br />
Familiengartenvereine<br />
HEKS Gärten<br />
Unigärten <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Urban Agriculture<br />
...<br />
Potentielle:<br />
Schulhäuser<br />
Altersheime<br />
Firmen<br />
– 686 – – 687 –<br />
...<br />
NUTZER<br />
FUNKTIONEN<br />
Etablierte:<br />
Einzelpachtgärten<br />
Gemeinschaftsgärten<br />
Kleintierzucht<br />
...<br />
Potentielle:<br />
Markt<br />
Restaurant<br />
Integration<br />
Naturschutz<br />
Erholung<br />
Sport<br />
...<br />
AKTEUR +<br />
FUNKTION +<br />
ORT =<br />
GARTENTYPOLOGIE<br />
ORTE<br />
Etablierte:<br />
Familiengartenareale<br />
Private Gärten<br />
Mission 21<br />
Landhof<br />
...<br />
Potentielle:<br />
Brachen<br />
Grünanlagen<br />
Grossflächige Dächer<br />
Hinterhöfe<br />
Künstliche Strukturen<br />
MÖGLICHE GARTENTYPOLOGIEN<br />
Uni-Gemeinschaftsgarten mit Lunchpoint im Innenhof des Unispitals<br />
DRAFT<br />
Uni-Studentengärten mit CityBeach auf dem Dach der Messe<br />
HEKS Flüchtlingsgarten mit Restaurant vis à vis Claramatten<br />
...<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
CONCLUSION<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Allotments –<br />
Freizeitgärten sind ein komplexer Mikrokosmos strenger Regularien. die transformation dieser<br />
Gartenareale, die heute abgekapselt kaum eine Interaktion mit der stadt eingehen, benötigt wohl<br />
tiefgreifende strukturelle Änderungen. es besteht durchaus eine Nachfrage nach eher städtischen,<br />
öffentlichen Gärten wie gegenwärtige Beispiele zeigen (Urban agriculture <strong>Basel</strong>, Unigärten <strong>Basel</strong>).<br />
Hat die schrebergartenparzelle ausgedient? Wohl kaum: noch heute werden 6‘000 Parzellen durch<br />
Private bewirtschaftet. ein diversifiziertes angebot nach unterschiedlichster Gartentypologien, die<br />
thematisch belegt werden, könnten die attraktivität für stadt und Gärtner erhöhen.<br />
– 688 – – 689 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
– 690 – – 691 –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt:<br />
URBaN CaNOPY GaRdeN<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
<strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
Contemporary City Institute<br />
Chris Masicampo<br />
Prof. Jacques Herzog, Prof. Pierre de Meuron<br />
lisa euler, Manuel Herz, Charlotte von Moos,<br />
shadi Rahbaran<br />
Spring Semester 2012<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>-stadt:<br />
URBaN CaNOPY GaRdeN<br />
INtROdUCtION<br />
desIGN CONCePt<br />
dReIsPItZ<br />
Urban Redevelopment<br />
History<br />
GÜteRBaHNHOF WOlF<br />
History<br />
Site Overview<br />
HOW tO GROW?<br />
Hydroponics<br />
Potential Yields<br />
WHat tO GROW?<br />
Vegetable Production in Switzerland<br />
Seasonal Charts<br />
HOW tO dIstRIBUte?<br />
Community supported Agriculture<br />
desIGN PROPOsal<br />
CONClUsION<br />
– 692 – – 693 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
INtROdUCtION<br />
Community garden project by Urban Agriculutre <strong>Basel</strong><br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Urban expansion has typically taken precedence over claims for land as advances in technologies<br />
has made it easier for people to get their food goods from farther, faster. Globalization and industrial<br />
food production has ensured that most of us are able to be fed. However, growing health and<br />
environmental concerns have created a sort of backlash to this system and people are making more<br />
conscious choices about what they eat and from where it derives. as a result, the practices of the rural<br />
are now, more than ever, invading into the urban.<br />
– 694 – – 695 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
desIGN CONCePt<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
the predominant model of the current global food system is the predominant model by which food<br />
is produced and then ultimately arrives to our tables. the strategy of this intervention will be one<br />
that facilitates a more locally integrated system that scales down the steps associated with the current<br />
model. Inherent in the approach is a deliberate effort to eliminate the effect of food miles and create<br />
a more direct link to food sources.<br />
Global Food System Locally Integrated Food System<br />
Waste<br />
Consumption<br />
Composting<br />
Systems<br />
Local<br />
Distribution<br />
Global Food<br />
Production<br />
Regional<br />
Processing<br />
National<br />
Distribution<br />
Waste<br />
Consumption<br />
Composting<br />
Systems<br />
Local<br />
Distribution<br />
– 696 – – 697 –<br />
Local Production of<br />
Global Food<br />
Localized<br />
Processing<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
dReIsPItZ<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
the dreispitz area is one of the largest development projects in switzerland. It connects to downtown<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> in the north and spreads to the south, across the cantons <strong>Basel</strong>-stadt and <strong>Basel</strong>land.<br />
– 698 – – 699 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Urban Redevelopment<br />
The Dreispitz area is one of the largest development projects<br />
in Switzerland. It connects to downtown <strong>Basel</strong> in the north<br />
and spreads to the south, across the cantons <strong>Basel</strong>-Stadt and<br />
<strong>Basel</strong>land. This transformation is led by a vision created by<br />
theHerzog & de Meuron, put into practice in 2009.<br />
The redevelopment of the Dreispitz area aims at transforming<br />
parts of this already attractive logistics and business plot into<br />
a modern and vibrant multi-use city district with a distinct<br />
identity. It will combine business, residential and leisure areas<br />
as well as culture and shopping. In addition to the already<br />
existing 400 businesses, the potential for nearly 6’000 new<br />
jobs will be created through concentration and densification,<br />
and in addition to that, apartments will be available for some<br />
2’500 residents.<br />
Source: dreispitz.com<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Development Plan<br />
for Dreispitz: Land Use<br />
– 700 – – 701 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
1872<br />
Wolfgottesacker dedicated. The first<br />
burial was June 3, 1872.<br />
1875<br />
Outsourcing of freight trains to the "Wolf".<br />
Marshalling yard established due to lack of<br />
space.<br />
History<br />
Dreispitz developed out of the creation of the Guterbahnhof<br />
Wolf, the nearby railway yard, and has a long history as an area<br />
used mainly for logistics and business. The site of Guterbahnhof<br />
Wolf was originally farmland at the outskirts of the city.<br />
The railway yard was established out here to handle freight<br />
volumes passing through the city.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
1901<br />
Wolf warehouses relocated to Dreispitz.<br />
DRAFT<br />
Source: Food in <strong>Basel</strong> Image Sources: Vision Dreispitz<br />
– 702 – – 703 –<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
GÜteRBaHNHOF WOlF<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
the railway yard from which the area of dreispitz derived will serve as central site of intervention<br />
for the proposal for an urban canopy garden.<br />
Image Source: Google Maps<br />
– 704 – – 705 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Painting of a home along present day Munchensteinerstrasse in Dreispitz.<br />
Image Source: bs.ch<br />
History<br />
Prior to the establishment of the railyard, The area in and<br />
around the Güterbahnhof Wolf was well beyond the outskirts<br />
of the city. Open expanses of undeveloped land and small<br />
private farms made up the landscape.<br />
Source: bs.ch<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
– 706 – – 707 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Site Overview<br />
The Güterbahnhof Wolf offers some intriguing features that<br />
make it an interesting site for the suggestion of a design<br />
proposal centered around the topic of food in <strong>Basel</strong>. While<br />
serving as as an important logistical hub for both road and<br />
rail, it is located at a key intersection between residential,<br />
industrial, and recreational zones in <strong>Basel</strong> and the edge<br />
between <strong>Basel</strong> Stadt and <strong>Basel</strong> Land.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> Stadt<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> Land<br />
– 708 – – 709 –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> Stadt<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> Land<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Current Context<br />
Gundeldingen<br />
Residential<br />
Broderholz<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
St. Alban<br />
Dreispitz<br />
Residential<br />
St. Jakob Park<br />
Industrial / Infrastructure<br />
Green Zone<br />
S<br />
Bahnhof SBB /<br />
SNCF<br />
Mixed Use<br />
delemont<br />
DRAFT<br />
la Chaux de Fonds<br />
Land Use Roads and Freeways<br />
– 710 – – 711 –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> SBB/<br />
GB Wolf<br />
S<br />
S<br />
S<br />
Karlsruhe,<br />
Germany<br />
Rail Connection<br />
Zurich<br />
Bern<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Allotment Gardens<br />
Wolfgottesacker<br />
Truck Depot<br />
Railway Yard<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Allotment Gardens<br />
Wolfgottesacker<br />
Truck Depot<br />
Train Depot<br />
St. Alban<br />
Dreispitz<br />
St. Jakob Park<br />
Gundeldigen<br />
– 712 – – 713 –<br />
St. Alban<br />
Dreispitz<br />
St. Jakobshalle<br />
DRAFT<br />
Gundeldigen<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
HOW tO GROW?<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Given the conditions of the site and the poor quality of the soil due to years of industrial use and<br />
exposure, hydroponic would be the most effective method of agricultural production on the site.<br />
– 714 – – 715 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Hydroponics<br />
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants using mineral<br />
nutrient solutions, in water, without soil. Researchers<br />
discovered in the 18th century that plants absorb essential<br />
mineral nutrients as inorganic ions in water. In natural<br />
conditions, soil acts as a mineral nutrient reservoir but the<br />
soil itself is not essential to plant growth. When the mineral<br />
nutrients in the soil dissolve in water, plant roots are able<br />
to absorb them. When the required mineral nutrients are<br />
introduced into a plant’s water supply artificially, soil is no<br />
longer required for the plant to thrive.<br />
Advantages to Urban Farming:<br />
No soil is needed.<br />
Lower water costs because the water stays in the<br />
system and can be reused.<br />
Lower nutrition costs and no nutrient pollution<br />
into the environment.<br />
Stable crops, higher yields, and ease of harvest.<br />
Pests and diseases easier to control because of the<br />
mobility and no pesticide damage.<br />
Medium culture<br />
method uses a<br />
solid medium for the<br />
roots. In the solution<br />
culture method the<br />
roots grow in solution.<br />
Sources: aqualifehydroponics.in<br />
Some plants are<br />
hung on support<br />
structures to<br />
maximize available<br />
space and enable<br />
for growth at height<br />
easier of harvest<br />
Feed dripped<br />
onto the roots<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Static solution method<br />
Aeroponic system<br />
Continuous flow method<br />
Ebb and flow system<br />
DRAFT<br />
Hydroponically grown cucumbers at Thanet Earth in the UK. Image Source: Thanet Earth<br />
– 716 – – 717 –<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Potential Yields<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Any plant can be grown hydroponically given the right methods and techniques. The practice of growing food crops using hydroponics<br />
continues to gain popularity mainly becuase of the greater control of the crop and the potentially higher yields.<br />
Soil vs. Hydroponics<br />
In tons per hectare at time of harvest.<br />
Lettuce<br />
Cucumbers<br />
Carrots<br />
Peppers<br />
Cabbage<br />
Source: iica.int<br />
Tomatoes<br />
Potatoes<br />
Soil grown<br />
Hydroponic grown<br />
52<br />
10-30<br />
80-100<br />
15-20<br />
55-75<br />
20-40<br />
20-40<br />
120<br />
20-30<br />
85-105<br />
180-190<br />
300-330<br />
350-400<br />
700-800<br />
Soil vs. Hydroponics: Carrot Production<br />
An annual average harvest of 19,000 t of carrots are produced on 1,400 ha in Switzerland. It would take 1/4 the land<br />
area to produce the same amount of carrots in Switzerland using hydroponic methods.<br />
Yield using soil<br />
1,400 ha<br />
Yield using hydroponics<br />
1,400 ha<br />
– 718 – – 719 –<br />
346 ha<br />
19,000 t<br />
19,000 t<br />
77,000 t<br />
= 2,000 t<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
WHat tO GROW?<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
due to the lack of space on the site to effectively grow large expanses of staple crops like cereals<br />
and grains, the best option for production is high value, high yield salad, vegetable and fruit crops.<br />
– 720 – – 721 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Vegetable Production in Switzerland<br />
The total area of active cultivation in Switzerland is<br />
approximately 10,000 hectares. This constitutes only about<br />
1% of the country’s agricultural land. Of the 10,000 hectares,<br />
roughly 1 hectare is located in <strong>Basel</strong> City and 152 hectares<br />
are produces in <strong>Basel</strong> Land.<br />
13% of Swiss agricultural production is devoted to the<br />
growth of vegetable crops and is valued at CHF 10 billion.<br />
In Switzerland, there are more than 80 different kinds of<br />
vegetables in cultivation covering about 50% of the domestic<br />
needs. 40% of the vegetables are processed and preserved<br />
and another 40% sold fresh; the remaining percentage being<br />
vegetables in storage or cultivated in greenhouses.<br />
Top Vegetable Crops per Acre<br />
In hectares.<br />
1600<br />
1400<br />
1200<br />
1000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
0<br />
Sources: www.lid.ch<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> City = 1 ha<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> Land = 152 ha<br />
Average yearly production in Switzerland<br />
Number of Farms: 3,300<br />
Fresh Food: 250,000 t<br />
Stock Vegetables: 70,000 t<br />
Vegetables for Processing: 46,000 t<br />
Top Vegetable Crops by Volume<br />
Leeks; 9,500 t<br />
Carrots; 19,000 t<br />
Lettuce; 13,300 t<br />
Zucchini; 5,000 t<br />
– 722 – – 723 –<br />
Tomatoes; 38,000 t<br />
Iceberg Lettuce; 15,300 t<br />
Onions; 11,000 t<br />
Cucumbers; 9,000 t<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
CABBAGE<br />
CARDOON<br />
CARROT<br />
CATALOGNA<br />
CAULIFLOWER<br />
Vegetables, CELERIAC Herbs, and Tubers<br />
CELERY<br />
Seasonal chart of available vegetables, herbs, and tubers for Switzerland.<br />
CHARD<br />
CHERRY TOMATO<br />
ARTICHOKE<br />
CHICORY<br />
CHINESE<br />
ASPARAGUS<br />
CABBAGE<br />
BATAVIA LETTUCE<br />
CHIVE<br />
CUCUMBER<br />
BEAN<br />
CURLY<br />
BEET<br />
ENDIVE<br />
ROOT<br />
BLACK<br />
DANDELION<br />
SALSIFY<br />
EGGPLANT<br />
BROCCOLI<br />
BRUSSELS SPROUT<br />
FENNEL<br />
CABBAGE<br />
GARLIC<br />
ICEBERG<br />
CARDOON<br />
LETTUCE<br />
KOHLRABI<br />
CARROT<br />
LAMB'S<br />
CATALOGNA<br />
LETTUCE<br />
CAULIFLOWER<br />
LEEK<br />
CELERIAC<br />
LETTUCE<br />
LOLLO<br />
CELERY<br />
ROT<br />
MAY TURNIP<br />
CHARD<br />
CHERRY TOMATO<br />
MELONS<br />
NEW POTATOES<br />
CHICORY<br />
CHINESE CABBAGE<br />
ONION<br />
PAK<br />
CHIVE<br />
CHOI<br />
CUCUMBER<br />
PAPRIKA<br />
CURLY<br />
PARSLEY<br />
ENDIVE<br />
DANDELION<br />
PARSNIP<br />
EGGPLANT<br />
PEA<br />
POTATOE<br />
FENNEL<br />
PUMPKIN<br />
GARLIC<br />
ICEBERG<br />
PURSLANE<br />
LETTUCE<br />
KOHLRABI<br />
RADISH<br />
LAMB'S<br />
RED CABBAGE<br />
LETTUCE<br />
RED CICORINO<br />
LEEK<br />
RHUBARB<br />
LETTUCE<br />
ROMANESCO<br />
LOLLO ROT<br />
SALADS<br />
MAY TURNIP<br />
MIX<br />
SAVOY CABBAGE<br />
MELONS<br />
NEW POTATOES<br />
SHALLOT<br />
SMOOTH<br />
ONION<br />
ENDIVE<br />
SOIL KOHLRABI<br />
PAK CHOI<br />
SPINACH<br />
PAPRIKA<br />
SPRING CABBAGE<br />
PARSLEY<br />
SWEET<br />
PARSNIP<br />
CORN<br />
TOMATO<br />
PEA<br />
TOPINAMBUR<br />
POTATOE<br />
PUMPKIN<br />
TURNIP<br />
WHITE<br />
PURSLANE<br />
CABBAGE<br />
ZUCCHINI<br />
RADISH<br />
RED CABBAGE<br />
RED CICORINO<br />
RHUBARB<br />
ROMANESCO<br />
SALADS MIX<br />
Source: SAVOY CABBAGE 1. swissveg.ch<br />
SHALLOT<br />
SMOOTH ENDIVE<br />
SOIL KOHLRABI<br />
SPINACH<br />
WINTER<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC<br />
SPRING SUMMER FALL<br />
SEASONAL CALENDAR FOR<br />
VEGETABLES, ROOTS<br />
AND HERBS<br />
– 724 – – 725 –<br />
PAPRIKA<br />
PARSLEY<br />
PARSNIP<br />
PEA<br />
POTATOE<br />
PUMPKIN<br />
PURSLANE<br />
RADISH<br />
RED CABBAGE<br />
RED CICORINO<br />
RHUBARB<br />
ROMANESCO<br />
SALADS MIX<br />
SAVOY CABBAGE<br />
SHALLOT<br />
SMOOTH ENDIVE<br />
SOIL KOHLRABI<br />
SPINACH<br />
SPRING CABBAGE<br />
SWEET CORN<br />
TOMATO<br />
TOPINAMBUR<br />
TURNIP<br />
WHITE CABBAGE<br />
ZUCCHINI<br />
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC<br />
WINTER<br />
SPRING SUMMER FALL<br />
SEASONAL CALENDAR FOR<br />
VEGETABLES, ROOTS<br />
AND HERBS<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Summerred<br />
Gravensteiner<br />
Primerouge<br />
Rubinola<br />
Cox Orange<br />
Rubinette<br />
Fruits and Berries<br />
Elstar<br />
Gala<br />
Seasonal chart of available fruits and berries for Switzerland.<br />
Boskoop<br />
Jonagold<br />
APPLES (AUTUMN VARIETIES)<br />
Golden Delicoius<br />
APPLES (EARLY VARIETIES)<br />
Topaz<br />
APPLES (LAGERSORTEN)<br />
Pinova<br />
Apple Varieties:<br />
Iduna<br />
Vista Bella<br />
Idared<br />
Summerred<br />
Glockenapfel<br />
Gravensteiner<br />
Braeburn<br />
Primerouge<br />
Maigold<br />
Rubinola<br />
Granny Smith<br />
Cox Orange<br />
APRICOTS<br />
Rubinette<br />
Apricot Varieties:<br />
Elstar<br />
Orangered<br />
Gala<br />
Luizet<br />
Boskoop<br />
Goldrich<br />
Jonagold<br />
BLACKBERRIES<br />
Golden Delicoius<br />
BLUEBERRIES<br />
Topaz<br />
CASSIS<br />
Pinova<br />
CHERRIES<br />
Iduna<br />
Cherry varieties:<br />
Idared<br />
Bigarreau Burlat<br />
Glockenapfel<br />
Kordia<br />
Braeburn<br />
Hedel�nger<br />
Maigold<br />
Star<br />
Granny Smith<br />
Regina<br />
APRICOTS<br />
Schauenburger<br />
Apricot Varieties:<br />
Weichseln<br />
Orangered<br />
CRANBERRIES<br />
Luizet<br />
CURRANTS<br />
Goldrich<br />
ELDERBERRY (BLACK)<br />
BLACKBERRIES<br />
ELDERBERRY (RED)<br />
BLUEBERRIES<br />
GOOSEBERRIES<br />
CASSIS<br />
GRAPES<br />
CHERRIES<br />
GREENGAGE<br />
Cherry varieties:<br />
JOSTABERRIES<br />
Bigarreau Burlat<br />
NECTARINES<br />
Kordia<br />
Nectarines Varieties:<br />
Hedel�nger<br />
Big Top<br />
Star<br />
Super Crimson<br />
Regina<br />
PEACHES<br />
Schauenburger<br />
Peach Varieties:<br />
Weichseln<br />
Royal Glory<br />
CRANBERRIES<br />
Suncrest<br />
CURRANTS<br />
ELDERBERRY (BLACK)<br />
ELDERBERRY (RED)<br />
GOOSEBERRIES<br />
GRAPES<br />
GREENGAGE<br />
JOSTABERRIES<br />
NECTARINES<br />
Nectarines Varieties:<br />
Big Top<br />
Source: 1. swissfruit.ch<br />
Super Crimson<br />
PEACHES<br />
Peach Varieties:<br />
Royal Glory<br />
Suncrest<br />
WINTER<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC<br />
SPRING SUMMER FALL<br />
SEASONAL CALENDAR FOR<br />
FRUITS<br />
AND BERRIES<br />
– 726 – – 727 –<br />
Pinova<br />
Weichseln<br />
Iduna<br />
CRANBERRIES<br />
Idared<br />
CURRANTS<br />
Glockenapfel<br />
ELDERBERRY (BLACK)<br />
Braeburn<br />
ELDERBERRY (RED)<br />
Maigold<br />
GOOSEBERRIES<br />
Granny Smith<br />
GRAPES<br />
APRICOTS<br />
GREENGAGE<br />
Apricot Varieties:<br />
JOSTABERRIES<br />
Orangered<br />
NECTARINES<br />
Luizet<br />
Nectarines Varieties:<br />
Goldrich<br />
Big Top<br />
BLACKBERRIES<br />
Super Crimson<br />
BLUEBERRIES<br />
PEACHES<br />
CASSIS<br />
Peach Varieties:<br />
CHERRIES<br />
Royal Glory<br />
Cherry varieties:<br />
Suncrest<br />
Bigarreau Burlat<br />
PEARS (AUTUMN VARIETIES)<br />
Kordia<br />
PEARS (EARLY VARIETIES)<br />
Hedel�nger<br />
PEARS (LAGERSORTEN)<br />
Star<br />
Pear Varieties:<br />
Regina<br />
Trévoux<br />
Schauenburger<br />
Guyot<br />
Weichseln<br />
Williams<br />
CRANBERRIES<br />
Gute Luise<br />
CURRANTS<br />
Harrow Sweet<br />
ELDERBERRY (BLACK)<br />
Comice<br />
ELDERBERRY (RED)<br />
Packhams<br />
GOOSEBERRIES<br />
Kaiser Alexander<br />
GRAPES<br />
Conférence<br />
GREENGAGE<br />
PLUMS<br />
JOSTABERRIES<br />
Plum Varieties:<br />
NECTARINES<br />
Herman<br />
Nectarines Varieties:<br />
Cacaks Schöne<br />
Big Top<br />
Bühler<br />
Super Crimson<br />
Hanita<br />
PEACHES<br />
Fellenberg<br />
Peach Varieties:<br />
Cacaks Fruchtbare<br />
Royal Glory<br />
Elena<br />
Suncrest<br />
QUINCE<br />
RASPBERRIES<br />
ROSEHIP<br />
SEA BUCKTHORN<br />
STRAWBERRIES<br />
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC<br />
WINTER<br />
WINTER<br />
SPRING SUMMER FALL<br />
SPRING SUMMER FALL<br />
SEASONAL CALENDAR FOR<br />
FRUITS<br />
AND BERRIES<br />
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC<br />
SEASONAL CALENDAR FOR<br />
FRUITS<br />
AND BERRIES<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
HOW tO dIstRIBUte?<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
the proximity of the site to large densities of people within the urban setting allows for a unique<br />
oppurtunity for farmers to establish closer connections with the populations they feed.<br />
– 728 – – 729 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Community Supported Agriculture<br />
In its most standard form, a CSA consists of a community<br />
of individuals who pledge support to a farm operation, with<br />
the growers and consumers providing mutual support and<br />
sharing the risks and benefits of food production. Normally,<br />
the members or “share-holders” pledge financial support in<br />
advance to cover the anticipated costs of the farm operation<br />
and farmer’s salary. In return, the members receive portions in<br />
the farm’s harvest throughout the growing season. Members<br />
also share in the risks of farming. The system provides the<br />
farmer with working capital in periods between harvests,<br />
better prices for their crops, some level of financial security,<br />
and relief from the burden of marketing. CSA members<br />
receive the satisfaction of reconnecting with the land and<br />
participating directly in food production.<br />
Farming Operation<br />
Financial Support<br />
Labor<br />
Fresh Produce and Food<br />
Goods<br />
Allocated portions are generally delivered<br />
or available for pickup on a weekly basis<br />
throughout the harvest period.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
CSA Members<br />
Rural Urban Connectivity<br />
CSAs allow members to have direct relationship to the land and the farmers from which their food comes from. It is a association<br />
that further emphasizes a direct connection between the urban and rural.<br />
Support for Urban Agriculture<br />
CSAs have become a popular means for urban farmers to connect to the communities they are located in. Many urban agricultural<br />
farming operations establish CSA programs with local grocers and restuarants as well as local residents.<br />
– 730 – – 731 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
desIGN PROPOsal<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
the design proposal integrates agricultural technologies with existing programmatic and<br />
infrastructural features on the site to create a new urban experience based around the ideas of food.<br />
– 732 – – 733 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Urban Garden Canopy<br />
The design proposal utilizes the existing infrastructure of the<br />
site as trellises which will support a network of hydroponic<br />
tubing and support netting for the cultivation of food crops. The<br />
canopy will cover the site and also have a series of walkways<br />
that will allow the public to engage the garden canopy for<br />
public harvesting, consumption, and leisure.<br />
Design Diagram<br />
Pump Station and<br />
Water Reservoir<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Plant Growth<br />
Private Railyard<br />
Underground Piping<br />
Canopy Lattice<br />
– 734 – – 735 –<br />
Public Space<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Design Implementation<br />
The garden canopy will float over the existing rail lines and<br />
give new function to the rail yard and enhance the aesthetic<br />
quality of the site.<br />
The canopy will also serve as a green introduction to the city<br />
by people arriving into <strong>Basel</strong> by train.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Exploded Axon View<br />
– 736 – – 737 –<br />
Food Canopy<br />
Netting<br />
Overhang<br />
Lattice Connection to Platform<br />
Gutters<br />
Lattice Frame<br />
Existing Trusses<br />
Packing<br />
Public Platform<br />
Distribution<br />
Rail Tracks<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
On Site<br />
Existing programs and buildings will be incorporated into the<br />
functions of the garden canopy. The logistical activities of the<br />
site will be accessed for the distribution of the crops produced.<br />
The large roof surface areas of the surrounding buildings will<br />
be utilized for water collection.<br />
Rain Water Collection<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Packing and distribution<br />
Pick your own fruits and vegetable<br />
along public walkway.<br />
Main circulation path<br />
Information Center<br />
Public platform and walkway<br />
Water Storage<br />
Pump Station and Packaging<br />
– 738 – – 739 –<br />
Main production a mix between private<br />
wholesale growers and CSA<br />
farmers.<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Water Sources<br />
The most direct connection for water is the Birs River to the<br />
East. Connection to the Birsig is also possible in consideration<br />
of an expanded canopy that stretches further west. Rooftop<br />
water collection would be anothewr source of water for the<br />
system.<br />
Birsig River<br />
Rooftop Water Collection<br />
Birs River<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
– 740 – – 741 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Hydroponic System Details<br />
Plant Trough<br />
Rockwool<br />
The design proposal utilizes<br />
the continuous flow culture<br />
method of hydroponics. It<br />
functions as a semi- closed<br />
system<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Feed dripped<br />
onto the roots<br />
Plants are hung on<br />
net support structure<br />
or allowed to hang to<br />
maximize available<br />
space and enable for<br />
growth<br />
Water in the system is continually treated<br />
and recycled through the system<br />
Flow of nutrient rich<br />
solution begins at high<br />
points along the lattice.<br />
Water Flow<br />
Gravity directs water to<br />
drainage gutters back<br />
into the reservoir.<br />
– 742 – – 743 –<br />
Reservoir<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Possible Vegetables for Garden Canopy<br />
Cucumbers<br />
Recommended Varieties<br />
Raider<br />
Description: Vine and climber. A champion performer in<br />
the garden and unquestionable producer of tasty, crisp, and<br />
delicious cucumbers. Uniform, cylindrical shaped, smoothskinned,<br />
glossy, deep emerald-green fruit adorn the robust<br />
plants. Raider is dependably early, robust, disease resistant<br />
and prolific.<br />
Days to harvest: 50-52<br />
Height: 45-60 cm<br />
Light requirement: Full exposure<br />
Disease resistance: Angular Leaf Spot (ALS), Cucumber<br />
Mosaic Virus (CMV), Scab (S)<br />
Sweet Success<br />
Description: Vine and climber. Very disease resistant, crisp,<br />
sweet flavor, thin skinned green fruits reach 12-15 inches<br />
long, best when grown vertically. Plant produces good yields<br />
of 12" long seedless and burpless cucumbers. Suitable for<br />
home garden and market growers.<br />
Days to harvest: 58<br />
Height: 45-60 cm<br />
Light requirement: Full exposure<br />
Disease resistance: Angular Leaf Spot (ALS), Anthracnose<br />
(A), Powdery Mildew (PM), Downey Mildew (MD), Cucumber<br />
Mosaic Virus (CMV), Scab (S)<br />
Recommended Varieties<br />
Rose de Berne<br />
Description: Vine and climber, indeterminate. Regular leaf,<br />
medium-large perfect round oblate dark pink fruits, very<br />
pretty and blemish free, 8-19 oz, very juicy, thin skin, very<br />
good flavor.<br />
Days to harvest: 69-80<br />
Height: 240-300 cm<br />
Light requirement: Full exposure<br />
Disease resistance: Fusarium Wilt (F)<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family Cucurbitaceae. The cucumber is originally<br />
from India but is now grown on most continents. The plant is a creeping vine which bears cylindrical edible fruit when ripe.<br />
Originally from India There are three main varieties of cucumber: "slicing", "pickling", and "burpless". The many different varieties<br />
are traded on the global market.<br />
Tomatoes<br />
Raider<br />
Sweet Success<br />
The word "tomato" may refer to the plant (Solanum lycopersicum) or the edible, typically red, fruit that it bears. Originating in<br />
South America, the tomato was spread around the world. There are around 7500 tomato varieties grown for various purposes.<br />
Hybrid plants remain common, since they tend to be heavier producers, and sometimes combine unusual characteristics of<br />
heirloom tomatoes with the ruggedness of conventional commercial tomatoes.<br />
Sources: www.territorialseed.com<br />
Rose de Berne<br />
Golden Honey Bunch<br />
Description: Vine and climber, indeterminate. A golden-orange<br />
grape tomato that just doesn't quit. Big, sprawling, indeterminate<br />
plants put out large clusters of succulently sweet fruit<br />
that seem to drip off the vines. A delicious and eye-grabbing<br />
addition for the grape tomato enthusiast. Plants are extremely<br />
productive, and for optimum sweetness, wait until the fruit is<br />
nice and plump.<br />
Days to harvest: 65<br />
Height: 180-240 cm<br />
Light requirement: Full exposure<br />
Disease resistance: Fusarium Wilt (F)<br />
Strawberries<br />
Recommended Varieties<br />
Recommended Varieties<br />
– 744 – – 745 –<br />
Golden Honey Bunch<br />
Fragaria is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible<br />
fruits. There are more than 20 described species and many hybrids and cultivars. The most common strawberries grown<br />
commercially are cultivars of the garden strawberry, a hybrid known as Fragaria ananassa. Strawberries are an easy plant to<br />
grow, and can be grown almost anywhere in the world. The best time to plant is in early to middle spring. Strawberries are a<br />
strong plant that will survive many conditions, but, during the time that the plant is forming fruit, it is important for it to get<br />
enough water.<br />
Seascape<br />
Description: Sweet, high yielding, large fruit. Produces all season<br />
long. The vigorous plants are virus-resistant and thrive in a<br />
wide range of growing conditions. The bright red fruit are firm,<br />
conical-shaped, and have an attractive glossy finish.<br />
Days to harvest: 50<br />
Height: 240-300 cm<br />
Light requirement: Full exposure<br />
Disease resistance: Leaf Spot (LS), Leaf Scorch (LS), Red<br />
Stele (RS), Vertical Wilt (VW), Powdery Mildew (PM)<br />
Blackberries<br />
Seascape<br />
The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by any of several species in the Rubus genus of the Rosaceae family. The fruit is not<br />
a true berry; botanically it is termed an aggregate fruit, composed of small drupelets. The plants typically have biennial canes<br />
and perennial roots. Blackberries and raspberries are also called caneberries or brambles. It is a widespread, and well known<br />
group of over 375 species, native throughout the temperate northern hemisphere and South America.<br />
Early Goliath Hybrid<br />
Description: Highly successful berry with mature bushes<br />
that are highly productive. The ripening of the Shawnee<br />
blackberry begins in mid-June and has shown no problems<br />
with blackberry diseases. The long bearing period of five weeks<br />
during June and July. Cold hardy.<br />
Days to harvest: n/a<br />
Height: 200- 240 cm<br />
Light requirement: Full exposure or some shade<br />
Disease resistance: Leaf Spot (LS), Leaf Scorch (LS), Red<br />
Stele (RS), Vertical Wilt (VW), Powdery Mildew (PM)<br />
DRAFT<br />
Early Goliath Hybrid<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Shadow Study<br />
March 21st (Spring)<br />
June 21st (Summer)<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
– 746 – – 747 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Crop Plan<br />
Plan is based on sun exposure of a average summer day in<br />
Switzerland (June21st)<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Crop Distribution<br />
Different sections of the canopy would produce specific crops<br />
dpending on the light conditions of the specific section. Plant<br />
varieties are prioritized based on the their ability to produce<br />
high yields and their resistance to pest and disease.<br />
Production will vary from small private farmers catering to<br />
CSA members to larger industrial growers providing produce<br />
to local grocers.<br />
Potential Crop Yields of Site<br />
Compared to annual average of Switzerland.<br />
Carrots Tomatoes<br />
Cucumbers<br />
– 748 – – 749 –<br />
924 t<br />
Current average<br />
yield; 19,000 t<br />
5,880 t 11,760 t<br />
Current average<br />
yield: 38,000 t<br />
Current average<br />
yield; 9,000 t<br />
10 - 15 hours / day<br />
5 - 10 hours/ day<br />
DRAFT<br />
Source: 1. iica.int<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong><br />
5 hours /day
Expanded Canopy<br />
The proposed site for the garden canopy takes into account<br />
its expansive area and the maximum exposure to sun<br />
for agriculutural production. However, the canopy can be<br />
expanded and traverse the entire span of the railway that<br />
cuts through the city, creating an expanded green zone that<br />
connects north to south, and east to west, running from St.<br />
Jakob Park to the Zoo.<br />
Expanding the canopy to connect with Bahnhof SBB would<br />
provide the most logical strategy for an urban intervention;<br />
situating the canopy in direct relation to the busiest circulation<br />
point in the city.<br />
The railway is in close proximity to various points of interest,<br />
as well as various parks and greenspaces that are spread<br />
throughout the city. These sites can serve as the basis for<br />
potential entry points for walkways that cross the expanded<br />
canopy and create connections between areas of the urban<br />
fabric that had not existed before.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
Zoological<br />
Garden<br />
Markthalle<br />
Pruntruter Matte<br />
Margrethenpark<br />
<strong>Basel</strong> Zoo<br />
Elisabethenanlage<br />
Bahnhof SBB<br />
Migros MPARC<br />
Rosenfeld Park<br />
Christoph Merian<br />
Park<br />
– 750 – – 751 –<br />
Wolf<br />
Gottesacker<br />
St. Jakob Park<br />
Alottment<br />
Gardens<br />
St. Jakob<br />
Botanical<br />
Garden<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Urban Connectivity<br />
The garden canopy can act as a green corridor connecting the<br />
various parts of the city. It could attract people to use an area<br />
currently not accessible.<br />
Nearly 130,000 people pass through the city by way of Central<br />
Station each day. The garden canopy can serve as a decorative<br />
gateway by which people first experience <strong>Basel</strong> and the last<br />
vision they see when they leave.<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
– 752 – – 753 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
Urban Agriculture<br />
Urban agriculture projects in <strong>Basel</strong>.<br />
Source: 1. urbanagriculturebasel.ch<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
– 754 – – 755 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
CONClUsION<br />
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
the means by which food arrives to the table and where it originates is a mystery to most people. the<br />
connection to the lands that feed us have become strained by industrialization and our ever growing<br />
attachment to urban centers. the heightened interest in urban agriculture is in direct response to<br />
these and many other concerns that surround the topic of food and the city. the key to reconnecting<br />
with the processes by which we obtain our food within the context of the city, will be through the<br />
innovative use of agricultural technologies.<br />
– 756 – – 757 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>
– Food in <strong>Basel</strong> II – – Urban Canopy Garden –<br />
More often than not, the produce we consume comes from processes far different from the farmers<br />
who tilled and cultivated lands generations before us. We have long been able to replace the sun and<br />
now hydroponics has made it possible to make food without the soil. the proposal of a garden canopy<br />
in <strong>Basel</strong> that hangs over the railways seeks to take these technologies and reimagine how agriculture<br />
can be acheived in the city beyond the usual greening of existing surfaces. It comes from a desire<br />
to reconnect and invigorate the city through the most commonly relatable and basic need of food.<br />
– 758 – – 759 –<br />
DRAFT<br />
© <strong>ETH</strong> Studio <strong>Basel</strong>