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The Frogs Who Demand a King* 51 checking, helping and challenging each other: they do not believe in Santa Claus anymore. What, then, have they got to do with the Great One? Why, when it comes to the State, should they place their trust in this infallible prince rather than in technical organizations which they could keep a check on? It must be because the very figure of General de Gaulle silently offers the slightly blurred image of a policy. And, above all, in order to decipher this image, these republicans must have a particular idea of France, of the Republic, of the world and of themselves. If we could, on the strength of innumerable surveys, statements and private conversations, determine the characteristics and thoughts of these perfectly honest and basically democratic electors who will vote ‘yes’ next Sunday, we would see, I think, that they too are victims of a mirage. And if they happen to see this sketch, some of them will perhaps recognize themselves, and perhaps have their eyes opened. We must get away from the wretched Fourth Republic that has just fallen apart from self-loathing. There is nothing new about the reproaches levelled at it: they were levelled before at the Third Republic, which, on 6 February 1934, thought it was going die from them. At that time, they were less virulent and less unanimous: scarcely less justified. The fact is that, since 1947, the regime has lost its grip on reality, the fact is that the Assembly was cut off from the people, that is to say the electors; the fact is that there was a ‘system’, in other words our politicians had become inert objects and obeyed inflexible laws similar to those which govern the course of things. What stood out at first sight was ministerial instability. The sudden, sometimes unexpected falls, the long crises were, for many French people, the very image of disorder. In fact, there was never more than one government. Stable, but rotating. The – limited – team of potential ministers danced in a circle, each holding his neighbour by the hand while waiting for the revolving spotlight to pick him out of the shadows. It is possible that a few close friends of M. Pflimlin and M. Schumann could tell them apart, but politically, they elude the principle of individuation. Supported by the same majority, the newcomers continued the policies of their predecessors, in other words, persisted in their inertia. During this entire period, a single tear in the fabric was mended fast, the Mendès- France government. This upstart was not one of the gang: they certainly let him know it. All right. This description has been given a hundred times before. The system is impotence in power. Not anarchy – where people do what they like – but paralysis, where the brain continues to think but the limbs can no longer move. Yes, M. Gaillard and M. Pinay had something resembling a head, and that head told them – they made no mystery of this in private – that the Algerian War was absurd and negotiations had to take place. But when M. Gaillard did his stint of guard duty as prime minister, he was not crazy enough to imagine his new post had been entrusted to him so that he could do what he believed to be useful and just, to proclaim what he believed to be true. This interchangeable prime minister lent his voice to the system, and via his mouth, the system declared: to govern is not to foresee, or to prevent, or to choose, to govern is to obey; we shall continue all-out war. The spectacle of impotence does not swell the heart with joy. It makes those who work indignant because work is action. What proves pretty well that anti-parliamentarianism here is of professional origin is that one hears members of parliament being reproached less for their impotence or their
Colonialism and Neocolonialism 52 cowardice than for their idleness, a vice unknown to them. ‘They are paid for doing nothing.’ That’s the idea. Around 15 June, a petty bourgeois came up to me in front of the Chamber of Deputies and said furiously: ‘So they’re still in recess, then!’ ‘You have to admit,’ I replied, ‘that we sent them there.’ He was disconcerted only for a moment and then weighed in again with: ‘We sent them there? Good. But they shouldn’t be paid.’ And our republicans – those who will cast their vote for de Gaulle – are honest workers who are fond of precise techniques and meticulous actions and who do not recognize themselves in or – as we shall see – believe they do not recognize themselves in their elected representatives. So far we are all in agreement. But we have not yet left the realm of appearances. Because where does this impotence actually come from? Is it the people who have made the system, or the system that has made the people? And what is the system precisely? Opposition to change cannot be its cause, but only the effect. On this point, responses remain imprecise. I admit that I read The Princes who Govern Us, by M. Débré, in the hope of setting my teeth on edge; I was disappointed: there is nothing to chew in this mush. But judging by the Constitution, the primacy of the legislature is the original sin. There we are. Let us imagine a man with nerves of steel, a stout and magnificent heart, a head full of grand plans, whose sole wish is to labour for France and who, to complete his mission successfully, needs only continuity: this is the executive. Let us now compare this noble figure with the legislature, that swarming basket of slimy crabs climbing up over each other and constantly falling. Is it not absurd to subject the man to the whims of the crabs? It is at this point that the greatest Gaullist imposture must be denounced. Do they dare to claim that it is the Assembly that has turned our ministers into those drawn and terrorized creatures whom we have so often heard reciting rehearsed congratulatory statements on radio and television? And are these the ministers who caused fear to reign in the Assembly? Did the Assembly prevent M. Mollet from disowning Ben Bella’s kidnapping? Did it force M. Gaillard to ‘cover up’ the bombing of Sakhiet? I say, on the contrary, that all the troubles of recent years have been caused by an overpowerful executive which has evaded legislative control. Because we did have an executive. This Prince bombed Haiphong when the Assembly wanted to negotiate with Ho Chi-minh; he demanded money – the lifeblood of war – which he was granted hastily and without argument; in Algeria he multiplied the ‘suspect laws’ and police operations, combed, controlled and bombed; in France itself he seized the opposition press and tried journalists at military tribunals; the entire life of the nation was shackled by his grandiose and heroic dreams of reconquest; he sacrificed France to her colonies and the Assembly, terrified and impotent, rattled around on the tail of the colonial wars like a saucepan on that of a cat. The name of this authoritarian and uncontrollable executive was Thierry d’Argenlieu; today it has a hundred names – Massu, Trinquier, Lacheroy and other ‘colonels’. In 13 years, France has become a militarized country whose sons fight overseas under the orders of our Princes, the War Lords.
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Colonialism and Neocolonialism 52<br />
cowardice than for their idleness, a vice unknown to them. ‘They are paid for doing<br />
nothing.’ That’s the idea.<br />
Around 15 June, a petty bourgeois came up to me in front of the Chamber of Deputies<br />
and said furiously: ‘So they’re still in recess, then!’ ‘You have to admit,’ I replied, ‘that<br />
we sent them there.’<br />
He was disconcerted only for a moment and then weighed in again with:<br />
‘We sent them there? Good. But they shouldn’t be paid.’<br />
And our republicans – those who will cast their vote for de Gaulle – are honest workers<br />
who are fond of precise techniques and meticulous actions and who do not recognize<br />
themselves in or – as we shall see – believe they do not recognize themselves in their<br />
elected representatives.<br />
So far we are all in agreement. But we have not yet left the realm of appearances.<br />
Because where does this impotence actually come from? Is it the people who have made<br />
the system, or the system that has made the people?<br />
And what is the system precisely? Opposition to change cannot be its cause, but only<br />
the effect. On this point, responses remain imprecise.<br />
I admit that I read The Princes who Govern Us, by M. Débré, in the hope of setting my<br />
teeth on edge; I was disappointed: there is nothing to chew in this mush. But judging by<br />
the Constitution, the primacy of the legislature is the original sin.<br />
There we are. Let us imagine a man with nerves of steel, a stout and magnificent heart,<br />
a head full of grand plans, whose sole wish is to labour for France and who, to complete<br />
his mission successfully, needs only continuity: this is the executive. Let us now compare<br />
this noble figure with the legislature, that swarming basket of slimy crabs climbing up<br />
over each other and constantly falling. Is it not absurd to subject the man to the whims of<br />
the crabs?<br />
It is at this point that the greatest Gaullist imposture must be denounced. Do they dare<br />
to claim that it is the Assembly that has turned our ministers into those drawn and<br />
terrorized creatures whom we have so often heard reciting rehearsed congratulatory<br />
statements on radio and television? And are these the ministers who caused fear to reign<br />
in the Assembly? Did the Assembly prevent M. Mollet from disowning Ben Bella’s<br />
kidnapping? Did it force M. Gaillard to ‘cover up’ the bombing of Sakhiet?<br />
I say, on the contrary, that all the troubles of recent years have been caused by an overpowerful<br />
executive which has evaded legislative control. Because we did have an<br />
executive. This Prince bombed Haiphong when the Assembly wanted to negotiate with<br />
Ho Chi-minh; he demanded money – the lifeblood of war – which he was granted hastily<br />
and without argument; in Algeria he multiplied the ‘suspect laws’ and police operations,<br />
combed, controlled and bombed; in France itself he seized the opposition press and tried<br />
journalists at military tribunals; the entire life of the nation was shackled by his grandiose<br />
and heroic dreams of reconquest; he sacrificed France to her colonies and the Assembly,<br />
terrified and impotent, rattled around on the tail of the colonial wars like a saucepan on<br />
that of a cat.<br />
The name of this authoritarian and uncontrollable executive was Thierry d’Argenlieu;<br />
today it has a hundred names – Massu, Trinquier, Lacheroy and other ‘colonels’. In 13<br />
years, France has become a militarized country whose sons fight overseas under the<br />
orders of our Princes, the War Lords.