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(1960), Vol. 1, trans. Alan Sheridan-Smith. London, Verso Sartre, Jean-Paul (1976b), Black Orpheus, trans. S.W. Allen. Paris, Présence africaine Sartre, Jean-Paul (1983), Notebooks for an Ethics, trans. David Pellauer. Chicago, University of Chicago Press Sartre, Jean-Paul (1991), Critique of Dialectical Reason:The Intelligibility of History (1985), Vol. 2, ed. Arlette Elkaïm Sartre, trans. Quintin Hoare. London, Verso Sartre, Jean-Paul (1995), Anti-Semite and Jew (1946), New York: Schocken Books Sartre, Jean-Paul and Dedijer, Vladimir (1970), War Crimes in Vietnam. Nottingham, Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation Publications Young, Robert J.C. (1990), White Mythologies: Writing History and the West. London, Routledge Young, Robert J.C. (2001), Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Oxford, Blackwell Acknowledgement: I am grateful to the British Academy for providing research leave that enabled me to complete this Preface.
Introduction Remembering Sartre Azzedine Haddour I Sartre wrote this book as a series of essays at a time when colonial empires were crumbling. His project is twofold: to analyse the discourses of colonialism and neocolonialism and to argue for the necessity of decolonization. Sartre delineates a number of what he calls ‘situations’ in which he intervenes to critique the nefarious effects of these two discourses respectively on the colonized and the Third World. First, in his review of Cartier-Bresson’s photographs of China, he announces the end of the picturesque. Secondly, he criticizes the political structures of an old colonial France governed by an ideology constructed in the nineteenth century, structures that perpetuated political instability and demanded urgent modernization. Thirdly, he rallies behind an incendiary Third-Worldism, engaging with the writings and political thought of Memmi, Fanon and Lumumba. Let us first deal with the specificities of each of the essays before re-situating Sartre within the field of postcolonial studies. Sartre wrote ‘From One China to Another’ as a preface to Cartier-Bresson’s work. 1 Borne out of war, the picturesque, Sartre reminds us, cannot comprehend difference. Sartre prefigures the arguments of Roland Barthes in ‘Myth Today’ and Edward Said in Orientalism, i.e., the fabricated quality of the mythic idea and its orientalizing intent. Sartre writes: ‘[The photographers] seek out a Chinese who looks more Chinese than the others; in the end they find one. They make him adopt a typically Chinese pose and surround him with chinoiseries. What have they captured on film? One Chinaman? No … the Idea of what is Chinese’ (this volume, p. 18). Taken at high speed, Cartier-Bresson’s snapshots cannot indulge in ‘gossip’ and do not even have the time to be superficial. In Sartre’s view, the Chinese photographed by Cartier-Bresson do not look Chinese enough. Sartre thanks him for his ‘nominalism’ (this volume, p. 19), for demystifying the picturesque that takes refuge in the convention of language and hides behind mythic concepts. The photography of Cartier-Bresson, Sartre concludes, ‘announces the end of tourism. It gently teaches us, without useless pathos, that poverty has lost its picturesque quality and will never recover it.’ ‘Colonialism is a System’ was originally given as a speech at Wagram on 27 January 1956. 2 Sartre, who was in favour of peace, protested against France’s policy of pacification during the Algerian war. He warned against the mystification of neocolonialism and undertook a detailed analysis of French colonialism in Algeria, a system put in place in the nineteenth century, supported and maintained by liberal ideology. The theory of imperialism, Sartre contends, was not formulated by Lenin but by the liberal ideologue Jules Ferry.
Page 2: Colonialism and Neocolonialism Firs
Page 5 and 6: First published 1964 in French, as
Page 7 and 8: Contents Acknowledgements vii Prefa
Page 9 and 10: Preface Sartre: the ‘African Phil
Page 11 and 12: Nothingness (1943), Sartre rejects
Page 13 and 14: want you to feel, as I, the sensati
Page 15 and 16: population in France, had adopted.
Page 17 and 18: Marxism and the charting of psychol
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Page 23 and 24: that the ‘French soldiers are mas
Page 25 and 26: martyr’ (this volume, p. 200). Sa
Page 27 and 28: and practical affirmation of white
Page 29 and 30: of the Algerian War. In this proces
Page 31 and 32: 33 Ibid., p. 135. 34 Ibid., p. 226.
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Page 45 and 46: in 1940, 250 kilos; in 1945, 200 ki
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