Overview of biomethane markets and regulations ... - Green Gas Grids

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assessment considering ecological and social impacts. This evidence is required by the mineral oil tax ordinance and has to be provided to the Directorate General of Customs (Oberzolldirektion). It contains data about the kind and source of the substrates, applied technology and relevant emissions. The use of energy crops is regarded critically. Furthermore, to prevent GHG emissions from methane losses, the accepted methane slip in the off gas is limited to 5 %. There are no federal subsidy schemes for investment aids for biogas plants, however, in three cantons small subsidies are provided for agricultural plants. Certification Certified by the label "naturemade", biomethane is sold as a substitute for natural gas to household customers. Page 48
United Kingdom Status quo - biogas plants and biomethane plants The UK offers supportive policies for biomethane plants, and provides financial incentives such as the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) for biomethane injected in to the national gas grid. Despite the few hurdles that surround wide scale biomethane injection (i.e. grid connection and gas quality requirements), the UK is committed in bringing biogas utilisation forward, and solutions to these issues are currently being discussed. The country shows a steady growth in AD plants. In total there are about 360 AD plants generating biogas, mostly they are at sewage plants. Whilst there are only 60 AD plants based on agricultural biomass or biowaste there is now significant growth. The national policy focuses on expanding the utilisation of the biogas potential from biowaste, with reduced focus on use of energy crops. Two biomethane projects have been commissioned so far, a water scrubber on sewage gas in Didcot and a cryogenic gas treatment at a brewery in Adnams (Table 7). Both plants are connected to the grid and feed into the low pressure (2 bar) pipelines within the national gas network. Location Year of commissioning Upgrading technology Capacity of biomethane production [Nm³ / h] Didcot 2010 Water scrubber Approx. 60 Adnams 2010 Cryogenic Approx. 60 Table 7: UK biomethane projects injecting to the grid Political targets for biogas and biomethane production The UK aims to replace 15 % of fossil fuel with renewable energy by 2020. Biogas and specifically biomethane injection, is seen as a technology that has significant potential in contributing to this target. The UK Government has proposed 7 TWh of biomethane injection by 2015 as a possible scenario, but no specific target has been set. Natural gas consumption, suppliers, infrastructure UK gas imports have increased during the recent years due to the decline in gas production from the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS). Gas is imported from Norway (25 %), from the Netherlands (5 %) and as LNG from Qatar (20 %), with around 50 % from the UKCS. There are some LNG imports from Algeria, Nigeria, Egypt and Trinidad. The UK gas grid is extensive, being more than 280,000 kilometres in length, and providing gas to roughly 20 million consumers. An overview of the UK gas pipeline system is given in figure 16. The high pressure grid (operating at 70 – 85 bar) is called the National Transmission System. It is owned by National Grid, the sole TSO in the UK. Gas flows from the National Transmission System into the distribution level where odorant is added. There are eight Gas Distribution Networks, which are owned by four different DSOs: National Grid, Scotia Gas Networks, CKI of Hong Kong and Macquarie. Page 49
Page 1 and 2: Overview of biomethane markets and
Page 3 and 4: This report has been created within
Page 5 and 6: Note on legal topics All legal topi
Page 7 and 8: Due to all these differences in pre
Page 9 and 10: gas consists mainly of hydrogen and
Page 11 and 12: with the current situation in terms
Page 13 and 14: Croatia Status quo- biogas plants a
Page 15 and 16: the gas supplier are defined on the
Page 17 and 18: Figure 3: French natural gas transm
Page 19 and 20: Germany Status quo- biogas plants a
Page 21 and 22: Figure 5: German transmission grid
Page 23 and 24: The price for allowances is market
Page 25 and 26: Hungary possesses excellent agro-ec
Page 27 and 28: Italy Status quo- biogas plants and
Page 29 and 30: plants with a maximum capacity of 1
Page 31 and 32: Natural gas plays a major role in t
Page 33 and 34: Poland Status quo- biogas plants an
Page 35 and 36: Figure 8: Gas transmission grid in
Page 37 and 38: Slovakia Status quo - biogas plants
Page 39 and 40: electricity and gas system and the
Page 41 and 42: Sweden Status quo- biogas plants an
Page 43 and 44: positive climate for the deployment
Page 45 and 46: Switzerland Status quo - biogas pla
Page 47: ealisation of the grid connection a
Page 51 and 52: n Feed-in tariffs n Renewable Trans
Page 53 and 54: LEC Levy Exemption Certificates LIP

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