Untitled - Clpdigital.org
Untitled - Clpdigital.org Untitled - Clpdigital.org
9.9 IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND Years. 1868 1869 1870.... 1873 1874 1875 1876 . Gross ions. 110,000 160,000 215,000 329,000 410,000 496,000 540,000 620,000 700.000 1377 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 Yean. Gross tons. 750,000 807,527 834,511 1,044,382 1,441,719 1,673,649 1,553,380 1,299.676 1,304.127 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 Years. i;.m" ion-. 1,570,520 2,089,403 2,032,794 2,140,791 2,014,843 1,642,005 1,500,810 1,493,354 The production of open-hearth steel ingots in Great Britain from 1873 to 1893 has been as follows, in gross tons. 1873 1876 1877 1878 1879 Yrars. Gross tons. 77,500 90,500 128,000 137,000 175,500 175,000 1SS0 1381 1882 1883 1--I 1885 1886 Yean. Gross ions. 251,000 338,000 436,000 455,500 475,250 583,918 694,150 1387 1888 1889 1891 1892 1893 Years. Gross tons. 981,104 1,292,742 1,429,169 1,564,200 1,514,538 1,418,830 1,456,309 The following table gives the total production of steel in Great Britain from 1873 to 1893. the estimated production of crucible and other steel being added to that of Bessemer and open-hearth steel. 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 Year*. Gross tons. 653,500 710,500 788,000 908,000 967,000 1,063,027 1,089,511 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 Years. Gross ions. 1,375,382 1,859,719 2,189,649 2,088,880 1,854,926 1,968,045 2,344,670 1888 1S89 1890 1891 1892 1893 Year*. Gross tons. 3,150,507 3,405,536 3,669,960 3,679,043 3,256,543 3,019,640 3,049,663 Steel Rails.—Mr. Jeans gives the production of Bessemer steel rails in Great Britain from 1876 to 1893 as follows, in gross tons. 1876 1877 1878 1879 I860 1881 Yean. Gross tons. 400,000 508,400 622,390 520,231 732,910 1,023,740 1882 1883 1834 1885 1886 1887 Years. Gross tons. 1,236,785 1,097,174 784,968 706,583 730,343 1,021,847 1890 1891 1892 1893 Yean. Gross ton*. 979,083 943,048 1,019,606 662,676 535,836 579,386
STEEL IN ALL COUNTRIES, o;; Stumnarg.—Great Britain was the largest producer of pig iron until 1890, when its place was taken by the United Stales. In 1879 the production of Bessemer steel rails in the United States exceeded the production of Great Britain, and one year later the production of Bessemer steel ingots in the United States exceeded that of the mother country. After three years of restored British pre-eminence the United States again took the lead in 1884 in the production of Bessemer steel ingots, and this jMisitiou she has ever since retained. But Great Britain still produces more openhearth steel than the United States, although in the production of all kinds of steel the United States has been uniformly in advance of it.- rival since 1890. It was al«o first as a steel producer in 1886 and 1887. It has been first as a producer of steel rails since 1*79. In the production of pig iron the position of first place which the United States secured in 1MH) and maintained in 1891,1892, and 1893, was restored to its rival in 1894. GERMANY. Germany has rapidly developed all her industries since the adoption by the Reichstag, on July 12, 1879, under the leadership of Prince Bismarck, of a protective tariff, which is still in force. Statistics of the iron and steel and mining industries of Germany always include the production of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, which forms a part of the German Zollverein. Germany ranks next to the United States and Great Britain in the production of coal, pig iron, and steel, and is abreast of both countries in the production of iron ore. We are indebted to Dr. H. Rentzsch, the statistician of the Association of German Iron and Steel Manufacturers, for the official statistics of the production of iron ore, pig iron, and steel in Germany, including Luxemburg, in recent years, and to Dr. Hermann Wedding, of Berlin, for statistics of the production of coal and lignite. All German statistics are in metric tons of 2,204 pounds. Iron Ore.—In Johann Pechar's admirable and uncqualed volume on Coal and Iron in All Countries, prepared for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1878, we find the following figures of the production of iron ore in Germany and Luxemburg at various periods prior to 1869. We quote as follows : 1848, 693,72 "> metric tons; 1853,903,236 tons; 18-57, 1,962.054 tons; 1862, 2.216,021 tons; 1866. 2.996,021 tons; 1867, 3.264,464 tons; 1868, 3.634.- 369 tons. The production of iron ore in Germany and Luxemburg from 1869 to 1894 is given by Dr. Rentzsch as follows.
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9.9 IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND<br />
Years.<br />
1868<br />
1869<br />
1870....<br />
1873<br />
1874<br />
1875<br />
1876 .<br />
Gross ions.<br />
110,000<br />
160,000<br />
215,000<br />
329,000<br />
410,000<br />
496,000<br />
540,000<br />
620,000<br />
700.000<br />
1377<br />
1878<br />
1879<br />
1880<br />
1881<br />
1882<br />
1883<br />
1884<br />
1885<br />
Yean.<br />
Gross tons.<br />
750,000<br />
807,527<br />
834,511<br />
1,044,382<br />
1,441,719<br />
1,673,649<br />
1,553,380<br />
1,299.676<br />
1,304.127<br />
1886<br />
1887<br />
1888<br />
1889<br />
1890<br />
1891<br />
1892<br />
1893<br />
Years.<br />
i;.m" ion-.<br />
1,570,520<br />
2,089,403<br />
2,032,794<br />
2,140,791<br />
2,014,843<br />
1,642,005<br />
1,500,810<br />
1,493,354<br />
The production of open-hearth steel ingots in Great Britain<br />
from 1873 to 1893 has been as follows, in gross tons.<br />
1873<br />
1876<br />
1877<br />
1878<br />
1879<br />
Yrars.<br />
Gross tons.<br />
77,500<br />
90,500<br />
128,000<br />
137,000<br />
175,500<br />
175,000<br />
1SS0<br />
1381<br />
1882<br />
1883<br />
1--I<br />
1885<br />
1886<br />
Yean.<br />
Gross ions.<br />
251,000<br />
338,000<br />
436,000<br />
455,500<br />
475,250<br />
583,918<br />
694,150<br />
1387<br />
1888<br />
1889<br />
1891<br />
1892<br />
1893<br />
Years.<br />
Gross tons.<br />
981,104<br />
1,292,742<br />
1,429,169<br />
1,564,200<br />
1,514,538<br />
1,418,830<br />
1,456,309<br />
The following table gives the total production of steel in Great<br />
Britain from 1873 to 1893. the estimated production of crucible and<br />
other steel being added to that of Bessemer and open-hearth steel.<br />
1873<br />
1874<br />
1875<br />
1876<br />
1877<br />
1878<br />
1879<br />
Year*.<br />
Gross tons.<br />
653,500<br />
710,500<br />
788,000<br />
908,000<br />
967,000<br />
1,063,027<br />
1,089,511<br />
1880<br />
1881<br />
1882<br />
1883<br />
1884<br />
1885<br />
1886<br />
Years.<br />
Gross ions.<br />
1,375,382<br />
1,859,719<br />
2,189,649<br />
2,088,880<br />
1,854,926<br />
1,968,045<br />
2,344,670<br />
1888<br />
1S89<br />
1890<br />
1891<br />
1892<br />
1893<br />
Year*.<br />
Gross tons.<br />
3,150,507<br />
3,405,536<br />
3,669,960<br />
3,679,043<br />
3,256,543<br />
3,019,640<br />
3,049,663<br />
Steel Rails.—Mr. Jeans gives the production of Bessemer steel<br />
rails in Great Britain from 1876 to 1893 as follows, in gross tons.<br />
1876<br />
1877<br />
1878<br />
1879<br />
I860<br />
1881<br />
Yean.<br />
Gross tons.<br />
400,000<br />
508,400<br />
622,390<br />
520,231<br />
732,910<br />
1,023,740<br />
1882<br />
1883<br />
1834<br />
1885<br />
1886<br />
1887<br />
Years.<br />
Gross tons.<br />
1,236,785<br />
1,097,174<br />
784,968<br />
706,583<br />
730,343<br />
1,021,847<br />
1890<br />
1891<br />
1892<br />
1893<br />
Yean.<br />
Gross ton*.<br />
979,083<br />
943,048<br />
1,019,606<br />
662,676<br />
535,836<br />
579,386
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