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IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND the furnace crucible, and much of the bar iron of the same period was made directly from the ore iu bloomaries. We think it altogether probable that long before the Revolution the total annual production of castings and bar iron in the colonies may have been the equivalent of 50,000 tons of pig iron if the present methods of making castings and bar iron bad then been followed, but it is not probable that the actual production of pig iron in colonial times exceeded half of this quantity in any year. At the beginning of the Revolution there were more than 50 furnaces for castings or pig iron in the colonies and probably 100 f<strong>org</strong>es and bloomaries. There were also a few steel works for the manufacture of blister steel. The manufacture of iron in the colonies had attained considerable pro|>orlions before the Revolution. The first industrial census of the United States was published in 1814 and was for the year 1810. For this year the number of gross tons of " cast iron " made in this country was returned as 53,908, all of which may I* regarded as pig iron, although much of it was in the form of castings. For the census years 1820 and 1830 the quantities of iron and steel made in the United States were not obtained, and we are dependent upon later estimates for the production of pig iron at these periods. At all subsequent census periods the production of pig iron has been ascertained. Since 1854 the annual production of pig iron has been obtained by the American Iron and .Steel Association and its predecessor, the American Iron Association. We give below a table showing the production of pig iron in the United States from 1810 to 1894, in gross tons. 1820 1830 1840 1850 1854 1855 1856 1859 1860 1861 1862 Yean. Grass ton* 53,908 20,000 165,000 286,903 563,755 657,337 700,159 788,515 712,640 629,548 750,560 821,223 653,164 703,270 846,075 1,014,282 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 -I860 YMrt. Gross tons. 831,770 1,205,663 1,305,023 1,431,250 1,711,287 1,665,179 1,706,793 2,548,713 2,560,963 2,401.262 2,023,733 1,868,961 2,066,594 2,301,215 2,741,853 3,835,191 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 Ym re. Grow torn 4,144,254 4,623,323 4,595,510 4,097,868 4,044,526 5,683,329 6,417,14S 6,489,738 7,603,642 9,202,703 8,279,870 9,157,000 7,124,602 6,657,388
STEEL IN ALL COrSTRIRS. In 1892, which was a year of normal conditions more than 1893 or 1894, the production of pig iron, classified according to the fuels used, was as follows, in gross tons: Bituminous, almost entirely coke, 6,822,206 tons; mixed anthracite and bituminous, 1,568,093 tons; anthracite alone, 229,020 tons; charcoal, 537,621 tons: total. 9,157,000 tons. Down to about 1840 all the pig iron manufactured in the United States was made with charcoal, which continued to lw the leading blast-furnace fuel until 1855. The production of Bessemer pig iron alone in the United States since 1887 has been as follows, in gross tons. 1887 1888 1889 Yean. Gross tons. 2,875.462 2,637,859 3,151,414 1890 1891 1892 Years. Grow toil*. 4,002,843 3,472,190 4,444,041 1893 1894 Years. Grow tons. 3,568,598 The production of spiegeleisen and ferro-manganese in the United States since 1872 has been as follows, in gross tons. This production U included in that of pig iron already given. Year*. 1872 1873 1874 1875 ... 1876 Grots ions. 4,072 3,930 4,070 6,993 5,907 7,897 9,530 12,438 1880 1881 1882 1887 Yean. Gross tons. 17,503 18,827 19,610 21,941 30,262 30,956 42,841 42,498 Yews. 1888.... 1890 1891 1892 1893 1884 Gross tons. 48.901 76,623 133,180 179,131 81.118 120,180 Imports of Pig Iron.—In the following table we give the imports of pig iron into the United .States in the calendar years from 1871 to 1894. The imports of spiegeleisen, ferro-manganese, and ferro-silicon are included in the figures given. In recent years these articles have formed more than one-half of the total imports. 1872 1873 1876 Years. Gross tons. 219,228 264,256 138,132 54,612 74,939 74,171 59,697 66,504 Year*. 1879 1880 ... 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 Gross tons. 304,171 700.864 465,031 540,159 322,648 184,269 146,740 361,768 Years. | Gross ions. 1887 467.522 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 197,237 148,759 134,955 67,179 70.125 54,394 15,582
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SCITECH r HD9514.A5 1894 American I
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\ k .?.- Entered, according to act
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CONTENTS. Number of Furnaces in Bla
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LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT. HON. B. F.
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IRON AND STEEL NECROLOGY. FROM SEPT
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IRON AND STEEL NECROLOGY. 11 Phoeni
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IRON AND STEEL NECROLOGY. 1 U Dudge
Page 20 and 21: 16 STATISTICS OF THE AMERICAN IKON
Page 22 and 23: 18 STATISTICS OF THE AMERICAN IRON
Page 24 and 25: 20 STATISTICS OP THE AMERICAN IRON
Page 52 and 53: 48 STATISTICS OF THE AMERICAS IRON
Page 64 and 65: IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND be fo
Page 66 and 67: IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND iron
Page 68 and 69: IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND The f
Page 72 and 73: Ill IRON ORE, COAL, TIG IRON, AND S
Page 74 and 75: 12 IRON ORE, COAL, PIO IRON, ANI> T
Page 76 and 77: 11 IRON ORE, COAL, PIO IRON, AND 18
Page 78 and 79: 16 IRON ORE, COAL. PIG IRON, AND Th
Page 80 and 81: IS IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IBOS, AM' GR
Page 82 and 83: 20 IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND ti
Page 84 and 85: 9.9 IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND Y
Page 86 and 87: 24 IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, ANI> Y
Page 88 and 89: 28 IKON ORE, COAL, PIU lltON, AND F
Page 90 and 91: 28 IRON ORE. COAL, PIC. IRON, AND B
Page 92 and 93: SO IKON ORE, COAL, PIO IRON, AND BW
Page 94 and 95: 32 IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON. ANIl Y
Page 96 and 97: 34 IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND St
Page 98 and 99: ::r, IRON ORE, COAL, PIG IRON, AND
Page 100: 38 SUMMARY, SUMMARY. The following
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