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Proceedingsof the Workshop on Ascochyra Blight and Winter Sowing of Chickpeas (Saxena,M.C. and Singh. K.B.. eds.). ICARDA, 4-7 May 1981, Aleppo, Syria InternationalScreening of Chickpea for Resistance to Ascochyta Blight K.B. SINGH*, Y.L. NENE** and M.V. REDDY** *ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria; **iCRISAT, Patancheru, India A joint contribution from ICARDA and ICRISAT centers Blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei(Pass.) Lab. in chickpea (CicerarietinumL.) is the major disease problem in West Asia, North Africa, South and East Europe, Pakistan and parts of India. The crop can be completely devastated in epiphytotic years. The best control measure is through resistant cultivars. Previous attempts to develop resistant cultivars yielded temporary and limited success mainly due to lack of durable sources of resistance. Therefore, a systematic search for durable sources of resistance in kabuli and desi germplasm maintained at ICARDA and ICRISAT centers, respectively, was initiated. Lines identified at ICARDA have been te.ted in blight endemic countries through Chickpea International Ascochyta Blight N-irsery (CIABN) since 1978/79. The results of the screening at Tel Hadya and miltilocation testing are reported in this paper. The need for continued effort by intei-.ational centers and national programs in combating the problem is emphasized. Screening of Germplasm at ICARDA Kabuli Germplasm Following the screening technique described by Singh et al. (1981), 3367 kabuli germplasm lines maintained at ICARDA Center were screened between 1978 and 1981. In the initial screening, 50 seeds of each line were planted in a single 5m long row, spaced 45-65 cm apart. Lines found resistant/tolerant were reevaluated in subsequent seasons for further confirmation and purification. The summary of the results of screening is presented in Tab. 1.No line rated I or 2 on a 1-9 scale. Eighteen and four lines were rated 3 and 4, respectively, and were considered resistant (0.65%). Forty-three lines showcd tolerant reaction and 67 Previous Page B1ank
68 Table I Summary of results of screening of chickpea kabuli germplasm for resistance to ascochyta blight at ICARDA, Syria. Disease rating No. of entries. %of total entries 1 0 0.0 2 0 0.0 18 0.5 4 4 0.1 5 43 1.3 6 17 0.5 859 25.5 8 14 0.4 9 2412 71.6 Total 3367 100.0 = highly resistant; 5 = tolerant; 9 = highly susceptible. the remaining were rated moderately to highly susceptible. Most of the resistant lines originated from the USSR, Turkey and Afghanistan (Tab. 2). Desi Germplasm A total of 6005 desi germplasm lines maintained at ICRISAT Center including 37 available at ICARDA were screened during the 1979/80 and 1980/81 seasons. The summary of results is presented in Tab. 3. A total of 13 and 200 lines were given a ring of 2 and 3, respectively, and are considered as resistant (3.54%). Four hundred and forty-two lines (7.36%, showed 4 rating (moderately resistant), 253 lines (4.21%) showed tolerant reaction and t e remaining had susceptible to highly susceptible ratings. The lines with 2 and 3 ratings are listed below: Rating 2: ICC 3606, 3912, 3916, 3918, 3919, 3921, 3932, 3940, 3996, 4107, 4192, 4472, 4475. Rating 3: ICC 12, 76, 94, 124, 280, 202, 369, 478,529, 601,607, 623,641,643, 652, 657, 665, 697, 716, 740, 758, 799, 800, 801, 986, 1062, 1069, 1084, 1085, 1087, 1091, 1093, 1102, 1106, 1117, 1121, 1136, 1168, 1177, 1234, 1301, 1400, 1414, 1416, 1467, 1468, 1472, 1525, 1532, 1591, 1654, 1711, 1754, 1757, 1762. 1772, 1809, 1854, 1871, 1877, 1881, 1883, 1903, 1905, 1947, 1963, 1973, 1983. ICC 2117, 2160, 2165, 2232, 2256, 2270, 2342, 2364, 2534. ICC 3127, 3141, 3152, 3221, 3377, 3404, 3422, 3424,3481, 3509, 3540, 3542, 3578, 3580,
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A14 ""..."W~e S~wn ofCh all il NM I
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WORLD CROPS: PRODUCTION, UTILIZATIO
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Copyright (c) 1984 by ICARDA All ri
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VI THIRD SESSION: WINTER SOWING Agr
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Foreword The advancing of sowing da
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Editors' Note The idea to hold this
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Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Ope
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4 including stunt virus (pea leaf r
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6 in with Iarmers'plans and proposa
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8 about 130 to over 200 days, where
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10 Table I Mean yield and range of
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12 International Yield Trials A 10-
Page 25 and 26: 14 small plots on farmers' fields i
Page 27 and 28: 16 HANOUNIK, S.B. 1979. Diseases of
Page 29 and 30: 18 diospores (Khune and Kapoor 1980
Page 31 and 32: 20 2. Reproduction Asexual. The ase
Page 33 and 34: 22 surface. However, the fungus los
Page 35 and 36: 24 observed small reddish brown spo
Page 37 and 38: 26 Reddy and Nene (1979) developed
Page 39 and 40: 28 suggested the application of pot
Page 41 and 42: 30 ASKEROV, I.B. 1968. Ascochytosis
Page 43 and 44: 32 NEMLIENKO, F.E. and LUKASHEVICH,
Page 45 and 46: Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
Page 47 and 48: 100/ ILC 1929 90 -80./ 8o0 / ILC
Page 49 and 50: 30 24 18 12 6 Temperature (°C) t6
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Page 53 and 54: infected seed is a much more potent
Page 55 and 56: Proceedingsof the Workshop on Ascoc
Page 57 and 58: early February were found to give e
Page 59 and 60: pot assembly consists of a stem tha
Page 61 and 62: Table I A quantitative 9-point rati
Page 63 and 64: inoculating the plants by uniformly
Page 65 and 66: Proceedings ofthe Workshopon Ascoch
Page 67 and 68: Table I Cultural characteristics of
Page 69 and 70: Line/ Table 2 Disease grades produc
Page 71 and 72: India and Iran were highly sporulat
Page 73 and 74: LUTHRA, J.C. and BEDI K.S. 1932. So
Page 75: J.S. Grewal There are more chances
Page 79 and 80: 70 Table 3 Summary of results of sc
Page 81 and 82: 72 ery originated from the USSR, Sp
Page 83 and 84: Table 7. Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
Page 85 and 86: Table 8 Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
Page 87 and 88: Table 9. Contd. Entry Origin Rating
Page 89 and 90: Table 10 Differential reaction of s
Page 91 and 92: 82 1069, 1467, 1591 were found resi
Page 93 and 94: 84 ing of the remaining collections
Page 95 and 96: 86 AUJLA, S.S. 1964. Study of eleve
Page 97 and 98: Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascac
Page 99 and 100: Parents diallel cross F1 diallel cr
Page 101 and 102: R.Pieters Malic acid is known to ha
Page 103 and 104: 96 (Hawtin and Singh 1983). Asv.-,h
Page 105 and 106: 98 3. Identification of as many sou
Page 107 and 108: 100 Germ. Evaluation Disease Res. M
Page 109 and 110: 102 Robinson (1976) has further dev
Page 111 and 112: 104 and by the time a multilinc cul
Page 113 and 114: 106 lines will then be made availab
Page 115 and 116: 108 GILL, K.S., NANDA, G.S., SINGH,
Page 117 and 118: 110 the program for the development
Page 119 and 120: 112 where they are not present. See
Page 121 and 122: 114 cides have been found to be eff
Page 123 and 124: 116 indicates that this propagate i
Page 125 and 126: 118 Great care must be exercised in
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120 nature. Ascochyta propagules on
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122 ZACHOS, D.G., PANAGOPOULOS, C.G
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124 0 40 g30 Max 30 20. .,,10 Min ,
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126 ranged from November 22, 1978 t
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128 Genotypes Table 2 Grain yield o
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130 Response to Plant Population Th
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132 ILC 1929 at Tel Hadya and ILC 4
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134 Data in Tab. 5 emphasize the im
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136 appears adequate, therefore no
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138 Discussion F. EI-Sayed I am ass
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Proceedings of the Workshop on Asco
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Table I The timing of reproductive
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Table 3 Accumulated water use by sp
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Es x (1 - a) x Eo t where t is the
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BRIDA cm Water /Depth Interva', 3 4
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crops extended deeper than under wi
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(as at Jindiress), the winter-sown
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eduction in the size of the crop's
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Discussion G.C. Hawtin You raised a
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Table I Nodutation and total drymat
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162 Inoculation with single strain
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164 These results indicate that pho
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166 T.S. Sandhu Is there any techni
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168 April for Tal Abaid (36*42'N, 3
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170 At the end of the severe cold p
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172 Table 4 Origin of lines having
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174 stage (Tab. 6). Of the five cul
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176 HERZOG, H. 1978. Wachsturnsverh
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Proeedings of the Workshop on Ascoc
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There is little information availab
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of the major and minor pests in thi
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attack any other important crop pla
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KAY, D.E. 1979. Food Legumes - Crop
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190 On the other hand, two items th
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192 M.V. Reddy It looks as if the c
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Country World ICARDA region Algeria
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196 Table 2a Export of chickpeas by
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198 India, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
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Chickpea Cultivation 203 In Syria m
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Table 2 Comparison of the growth, s
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Excessive postharvest losses. Posth
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Seedbed preparation is very minimal
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carried out at the same time with w
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Table 4 Topographical classificatio
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were absorbed by the canning indust
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223 The advantages of winter sowing
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226 cultivars which could be plante
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Table 2 Area, production and yicld
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233 Threshing is mostly done by bul
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182, 192,'194,1069, 1772,3279,2380,
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238 4. Mycosphaerella pinodes and A
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240 Kausar (1960) discussed the rea
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242 Date Tale 2 Maximum temperature
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244 Table 4 Maximum temperature and
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soil moisture and therefore it is a
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Table 2 Characteristics of chickpea
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253 Table 5 Results of a trial on w
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Conclusion Chickpea in Tunisia has
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260 however, remained almost static
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262 Agricultural Universities and s
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264 greatest at flowering and fruit
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266 Basis of Resistance Kunzru and
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268 Discussion M. Aslain What is yo
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270 vars. It was assumed that the d
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Proceedings of the Workshop an Asco
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0- 400 ha ® Em 401 -1000 ha 1001 -
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277 Castille and even (1500 kg/ha)
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Table 3 'Rabia' attacks - environme
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would be pure extension. Diffusion
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284 7. The role of crop debris as a
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286 involving only a few treatments
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288 MAKKOUK, Khalid, Faculty of Agr
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