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64 J.S. Grewal The work can be done only on knowing the conditions which help the perfect stage formation of Ascochyta rabiei.We have not worked on the perfect stage of the fungus. It will be very useful to study the variability in the ascospore isolates. Y.L. Nene About variability in the pathogen, I suggest that we look at single spore cultures from a single pycnidium. I have a feeling that we might detect variation there. We at ICRISAT have recently initiated some studies on this aspect. J.S. Grewal I agree with Dr. Nenc that we should study single spore cultures from single pycnidium as well as single spore cultures from pycnidia formed by its side. R. Pieters Have you been able to identify resistance genes? J.S. Grewal Our studies in collaboration with breeders indicate that resistance is dominant and is controlled by a single gene. R. Pieters Do you think that the variability of Ascochyta rabie<strong>ii</strong>s so great that rapid breakdown of vertical resistance can be expected? J.S. Grewal Breakdown of resistance has been observed in cultivars C12-34 and C235, twice in the past. Therefore, we should be prepared to accept such situations in the future. I think there is variability in the pathogen which can break down the resistance even in coming years. M.V. Reddy The breakdown of resistance in India and Pakistan is a bit confusing. Originally F8 was resistant and when it lost its resistance, C12-34 was developed using the same source. When C12-34 lost its resistance, C235 was developed using again F8. How does one expect to develop new resistant cultivars from the old defeated gene? J.S. Grewal Breeders thought that the cultivars had lost the purity. Therefore they had no alternative but to go back and to cross with the original source of resistance (i.e., F8) available with them. The new sources of resistance were identified by us in 1974. The new sources of resistance are now being used in breeding for new cultivars. M.V. Reddy Which are more ideal criteria for picking up races; different locations, different lines or different types of symptoms from different plant parts?
J.S. Grewal There are more chances of picking up a new race of the pathogen if isolates are made from diseased plants of cultivars which have been reported to be resistant in one country and susceptible in another. It will also be very useful to make isolations from different locations and various parts of diseased plants to get as much variation as possible. 65
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A14 ""..."W~e S~wn ofCh all il NM I
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WORLD CROPS: PRODUCTION, UTILIZATIO
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Copyright (c) 1984 by ICARDA All ri
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VI THIRD SESSION: WINTER SOWING Agr
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Foreword The advancing of sowing da
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Editors' Note The idea to hold this
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Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Ope
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4 including stunt virus (pea leaf r
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6 in with Iarmers'plans and proposa
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8 about 130 to over 200 days, where
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10 Table I Mean yield and range of
Page 23 and 24: 12 International Yield Trials A 10-
Page 25 and 26: 14 small plots on farmers' fields i
Page 27 and 28: 16 HANOUNIK, S.B. 1979. Diseases of
Page 29 and 30: 18 diospores (Khune and Kapoor 1980
Page 31 and 32: 20 2. Reproduction Asexual. The ase
Page 33 and 34: 22 surface. However, the fungus los
Page 35 and 36: 24 observed small reddish brown spo
Page 37 and 38: 26 Reddy and Nene (1979) developed
Page 39 and 40: 28 suggested the application of pot
Page 41 and 42: 30 ASKEROV, I.B. 1968. Ascochytosis
Page 43 and 44: 32 NEMLIENKO, F.E. and LUKASHEVICH,
Page 45 and 46: Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
Page 47 and 48: 100/ ILC 1929 90 -80./ 8o0 / ILC
Page 49 and 50: 30 24 18 12 6 Temperature (°C) t6
Page 51 and 52: I I -I - --ii ' Disase Ic I ii I'll
Page 53 and 54: infected seed is a much more potent
Page 55 and 56: Proceedingsof the Workshop on Ascoc
Page 57 and 58: early February were found to give e
Page 59 and 60: pot assembly consists of a stem tha
Page 61 and 62: Table I A quantitative 9-point rati
Page 63 and 64: inoculating the plants by uniformly
Page 65 and 66: Proceedings ofthe Workshopon Ascoch
Page 67 and 68: Table I Cultural characteristics of
Page 69 and 70: Line/ Table 2 Disease grades produc
Page 71 and 72: India and Iran were highly sporulat
Page 73: LUTHRA, J.C. and BEDI K.S. 1932. So
Page 77 and 78: 68 Table I Summary of results of sc
Page 79 and 80: 70 Table 3 Summary of results of sc
Page 81 and 82: 72 ery originated from the USSR, Sp
Page 83 and 84: Table 7. Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
Page 85 and 86: Table 8 Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
Page 87 and 88: Table 9. Contd. Entry Origin Rating
Page 89 and 90: Table 10 Differential reaction of s
Page 91 and 92: 82 1069, 1467, 1591 were found resi
Page 93 and 94: 84 ing of the remaining collections
Page 95 and 96: 86 AUJLA, S.S. 1964. Study of eleve
Page 97 and 98: Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascac
Page 99 and 100: Parents diallel cross F1 diallel cr
Page 101 and 102: R.Pieters Malic acid is known to ha
Page 103 and 104: 96 (Hawtin and Singh 1983). Asv.-,h
Page 105 and 106: 98 3. Identification of as many sou
Page 107 and 108: 100 Germ. Evaluation Disease Res. M
Page 109 and 110: 102 Robinson (1976) has further dev
Page 111 and 112: 104 and by the time a multilinc cul
Page 113 and 114: 106 lines will then be made availab
Page 115 and 116: 108 GILL, K.S., NANDA, G.S., SINGH,
Page 117 and 118: 110 the program for the development
Page 119 and 120: 112 where they are not present. See
Page 121 and 122: 114 cides have been found to be eff
Page 123 and 124: 116 indicates that this propagate i
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118 Great care must be exercised in
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120 nature. Ascochyta propagules on
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122 ZACHOS, D.G., PANAGOPOULOS, C.G
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124 0 40 g30 Max 30 20. .,,10 Min ,
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126 ranged from November 22, 1978 t
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128 Genotypes Table 2 Grain yield o
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130 Response to Plant Population Th
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132 ILC 1929 at Tel Hadya and ILC 4
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134 Data in Tab. 5 emphasize the im
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136 appears adequate, therefore no
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138 Discussion F. EI-Sayed I am ass
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Proceedings of the Workshop on Asco
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Table I The timing of reproductive
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Table 3 Accumulated water use by sp
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Es x (1 - a) x Eo t where t is the
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BRIDA cm Water /Depth Interva', 3 4
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crops extended deeper than under wi
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(as at Jindiress), the winter-sown
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eduction in the size of the crop's
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Discussion G.C. Hawtin You raised a
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Table I Nodutation and total drymat
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162 Inoculation with single strain
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164 These results indicate that pho
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166 T.S. Sandhu Is there any techni
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168 April for Tal Abaid (36*42'N, 3
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170 At the end of the severe cold p
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172 Table 4 Origin of lines having
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174 stage (Tab. 6). Of the five cul
Page 181 and 182:
176 HERZOG, H. 1978. Wachsturnsverh
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Proeedings of the Workshop on Ascoc
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There is little information availab
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of the major and minor pests in thi
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attack any other important crop pla
Page 191 and 192:
KAY, D.E. 1979. Food Legumes - Crop
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190 On the other hand, two items th
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192 M.V. Reddy It looks as if the c
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Country World ICARDA region Algeria
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196 Table 2a Export of chickpeas by
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198 India, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela
Page 203 and 204:
Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
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Chickpea Cultivation 203 In Syria m
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Table 2 Comparison of the growth, s
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Excessive postharvest losses. Posth
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Seedbed preparation is very minimal
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carried out at the same time with w
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Table 4 Topographical classificatio
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were absorbed by the canning indust
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223 The advantages of winter sowing
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226 cultivars which could be plante
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Page 231 and 232:
Table 2 Area, production and yicld
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233 Threshing is mostly done by bul
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182, 192,'194,1069, 1772,3279,2380,
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238 4. Mycosphaerella pinodes and A
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240 Kausar (1960) discussed the rea
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242 Date Tale 2 Maximum temperature
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244 Table 4 Maximum temperature and
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soil moisture and therefore it is a
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Table 2 Characteristics of chickpea
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253 Table 5 Results of a trial on w
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Conclusion Chickpea in Tunisia has
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260 however, remained almost static
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262 Agricultural Universities and s
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264 greatest at flowering and fruit
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266 Basis of Resistance Kunzru and
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268 Discussion M. Aslain What is yo
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270 vars. It was assumed that the d
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Proceedings of the Workshop an Asco
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0- 400 ha ® Em 401 -1000 ha 1001 -
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277 Castille and even (1500 kg/ha)
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Table 3 'Rabia' attacks - environme
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would be pure extension. Diffusion
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284 7. The role of crop debris as a
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286 involving only a few treatments
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288 MAKKOUK, Khalid, Faculty of Agr
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