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Table 2 t) Characteristics of 'Rabia' (ascochyta blight) attacks in different Spanish Provinces (from Puerta 1964). 00 Province E'ease More Yield' Yea - with First Full importance affected decrease disease out symptoms attack zones of every ten 2 appearance date ALBACETE Some years Heavy soils 50% 3-4 Seed filling 2nd half June Great AVILA Great All Max. 50% 10 Late May-Early June 2nd half June BADAJOZ Great All CACERES Great All 9-10 May Middle May CADIZ Great All CIUDAD REAL Great All 20%-60% 10 Late May-Early June June CORDOBA Huge North 'Campifia' 60% 8 April Middle May CUENCA Great All Max. 80% 6 May-June June GRANADA Great All HUELVA Moderate "Condado' Ave. 20% 7-8 Ist half of May May-June JAEN Great All 20%-60% 4-5 Flowering-Maturity May-June LEON Great All Max. 60% (10)3-4 Early June Last third June MALAGA Huge All 65%-i00% 8-9 Before flowering Flowering-Maturity SALAMANCA Great All Ave. 55% 2-3 May Middle May SEGOVIA Great All 30%-80% (10)6-7 Late June July SEVILj.A Huge All 25%--80% (10)3-4 Middle April-Late May 10-20 May TOLEDU Great All VALADOLID Great All Max. 50% (10)3 Late May-Early June First half June ZAMORA Great All Max. 100% 6-7 May May I. First figure, average; last, maximum. 2. Between brackets, number of years with intense attack.
Table 3 'Rabia' attacks - environmental condition relationships (from Puerta 1964) Province Less affected landraces Cultivated in Relationships between disease intensity and weather conditions ALBACETE 'Negros' Highlands Dew AVILA 'Pedrosillanos' All zones High temperatures after rain or dew CACERES None Heat and humidity CIUDAD REAL None Low temperatures and rain CORDOBA 'Rubio' 'Negros' Sierra Heat and humidity CUENCA None Rain HUELVA 'Mulato' 'Condado' and coast JAEN 'Mulato' 'Negros' Cold and scarce rains LEON Dew and rain with high temperatures in late June MALAGA °Mulato' 'Negros' 20-25°C with humidity SALAMANCA 'Pedrosillanos' All zones High temperature with hail stones and/or humidity SEGOVIA 'San Pedro de Gaillos' Rain or dew with insolation SEVILLA 'Negros' High or moderate temperatures with humidity VALLADOLID 'Pedrosillanos' Heat and humidity ZAMORA 'Pedrosillanos' All zones Heat and humidity 279 blight, fusarium wilt and leaf miner are equally important; farmers do not use any kind of chemical. The 'rabia' attacks can be important, but only after late spring rains. In Badajoz, the 'rabia' attacks can also be severe. Farmers are starting to use fungicides aplied to the canopies. Finally, Prof. Mateo-Sagasta (formerly a member of the 'Etacion Central de Fitopathologia' in Madrid) advises that in recent years he has not observed attacks throughout Spain as severe as they were before; 'rabia' is severe in a 'patchy' pattern, depending on microclimatic conditions. Summing up, it seems that ascochyta blight attacks can be severe when the precise climatic conditions are present; for the overall country they appear more as 'endemic outbursts' than as 'diasast-ous epidemics.' The exact reasons for the possible decline in ascochyta blight importance in Spain are not known. Possible reasons are: 1. The decrease in chickpea cultivated area has produced a more scattered distribution of chickpea plots. 2. Farmers are using fungicides in some areas, increasing even more the 'patchy' pattern. 3. Some farmers grow chickpeas in better and more humid soils than the traditional ones with fusarium wilt appearing first.
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A14 ""..."W~e S~wn ofCh all il NM I
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WORLD CROPS: PRODUCTION, UTILIZATIO
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Copyright (c) 1984 by ICARDA All ri
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VI THIRD SESSION: WINTER SOWING Agr
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Foreword The advancing of sowing da
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Editors' Note The idea to hold this
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Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Ope
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4 including stunt virus (pea leaf r
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6 in with Iarmers'plans and proposa
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8 about 130 to over 200 days, where
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10 Table I Mean yield and range of
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12 International Yield Trials A 10-
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14 small plots on farmers' fields i
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16 HANOUNIK, S.B. 1979. Diseases of
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18 diospores (Khune and Kapoor 1980
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20 2. Reproduction Asexual. The ase
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22 surface. However, the fungus los
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24 observed small reddish brown spo
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26 Reddy and Nene (1979) developed
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28 suggested the application of pot
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30 ASKEROV, I.B. 1968. Ascochytosis
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32 NEMLIENKO, F.E. and LUKASHEVICH,
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
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100/ ILC 1929 90 -80./ 8o0 / ILC
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30 24 18 12 6 Temperature (°C) t6
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I I -I - --ii ' Disase Ic I ii I'll
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infected seed is a much more potent
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Proceedingsof the Workshop on Ascoc
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early February were found to give e
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pot assembly consists of a stem tha
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Table I A quantitative 9-point rati
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inoculating the plants by uniformly
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Proceedings ofthe Workshopon Ascoch
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Table I Cultural characteristics of
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Line/ Table 2 Disease grades produc
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India and Iran were highly sporulat
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LUTHRA, J.C. and BEDI K.S. 1932. So
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J.S. Grewal There are more chances
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68 Table I Summary of results of sc
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70 Table 3 Summary of results of sc
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72 ery originated from the USSR, Sp
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Table 7. Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
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Table 8 Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
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Table 9. Contd. Entry Origin Rating
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Table 10 Differential reaction of s
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82 1069, 1467, 1591 were found resi
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84 ing of the remaining collections
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86 AUJLA, S.S. 1964. Study of eleve
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascac
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Parents diallel cross F1 diallel cr
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R.Pieters Malic acid is known to ha
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96 (Hawtin and Singh 1983). Asv.-,h
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98 3. Identification of as many sou
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100 Germ. Evaluation Disease Res. M
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102 Robinson (1976) has further dev
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104 and by the time a multilinc cul
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106 lines will then be made availab
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108 GILL, K.S., NANDA, G.S., SINGH,
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110 the program for the development
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112 where they are not present. See
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114 cides have been found to be eff
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116 indicates that this propagate i
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118 Great care must be exercised in
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120 nature. Ascochyta propagules on
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122 ZACHOS, D.G., PANAGOPOULOS, C.G
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124 0 40 g30 Max 30 20. .,,10 Min ,
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126 ranged from November 22, 1978 t
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128 Genotypes Table 2 Grain yield o
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130 Response to Plant Population Th
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132 ILC 1929 at Tel Hadya and ILC 4
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134 Data in Tab. 5 emphasize the im
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136 appears adequate, therefore no
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138 Discussion F. EI-Sayed I am ass
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Proceedings of the Workshop on Asco
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Table I The timing of reproductive
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Table 3 Accumulated water use by sp
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Es x (1 - a) x Eo t where t is the
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BRIDA cm Water /Depth Interva', 3 4
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crops extended deeper than under wi
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(as at Jindiress), the winter-sown
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eduction in the size of the crop's
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Discussion G.C. Hawtin You raised a
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Table I Nodutation and total drymat
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162 Inoculation with single strain
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164 These results indicate that pho
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166 T.S. Sandhu Is there any techni
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168 April for Tal Abaid (36*42'N, 3
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170 At the end of the severe cold p
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172 Table 4 Origin of lines having
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174 stage (Tab. 6). Of the five cul
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176 HERZOG, H. 1978. Wachsturnsverh
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Proeedings of the Workshop on Ascoc
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There is little information availab
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of the major and minor pests in thi
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attack any other important crop pla
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KAY, D.E. 1979. Food Legumes - Crop
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190 On the other hand, two items th
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192 M.V. Reddy It looks as if the c
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Country World ICARDA region Algeria
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196 Table 2a Export of chickpeas by
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198 India, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
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Chickpea Cultivation 203 In Syria m
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Table 2 Comparison of the growth, s
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Excessive postharvest losses. Posth
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Seedbed preparation is very minimal
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carried out at the same time with w
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Table 4 Topographical classificatio
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Page 223 and 224: were absorbed by the canning indust
Page 225 and 226: 223 The advantages of winter sowing
Page 227 and 228: 226 cultivars which could be plante
Page 229 and 230: Proceedings of the Workshop on Asco
Page 231 and 232: Table 2 Area, production and yicld
Page 233 and 234: 233 Threshing is mostly done by bul
Page 235 and 236: 182, 192,'194,1069, 1772,3279,2380,
Page 237 and 238: 238 4. Mycosphaerella pinodes and A
Page 239 and 240: 240 Kausar (1960) discussed the rea
Page 241 and 242: 242 Date Tale 2 Maximum temperature
Page 243 and 244: 244 Table 4 Maximum temperature and
Page 247 and 248: soil moisture and therefore it is a
Page 249 and 250: Table 2 Characteristics of chickpea
Page 251 and 252: 253 Table 5 Results of a trial on w
Page 255 and 256: Conclusion Chickpea in Tunisia has
Page 257 and 258: 260 however, remained almost static
Page 259 and 260: 262 Agricultural Universities and s
Page 261 and 262: 264 greatest at flowering and fruit
Page 263 and 264: 266 Basis of Resistance Kunzru and
Page 265 and 266: 268 Discussion M. Aslain What is yo
Page 267 and 268: 270 vars. It was assumed that the d
Page 269 and 270: Proceedings of the Workshop an Asco
Page 271 and 272: 0- 400 ha ® Em 401 -1000 ha 1001 -
Page 273: 277 Castille and even (1500 kg/ha)
Page 277 and 278: would be pure extension. Diffusion
Page 279 and 280: 284 7. The role of crop debris as a
Page 281 and 282: 286 involving only a few treatments
Page 283: 288 MAKKOUK, Khalid, Faculty of Agr
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