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Proceedings of the Workshop on Ascochyta Blight and Winter Sowing of Chickpeas (Saxena, M.C. and Singh, K.B.. eds.). ICARDA. 4-7 May 198,. Aleppo. Syria Ascochyta Blight Situation of Chickpea in Ethiopia GELETU BEJIGA Debre Zeit Agricultural Experiment Station, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. Ascoehyta blight was not well known in Ethiopia until it was first observed around 1969 at Kulumsa, 175 km south of Addis Ababa. There was no known evidence whether the disease was introduced or indigenous to the country. Some pathologists assume that this disease might have come with seeds from the Middle East. According to the Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit (CADU) 1969 report, chickpea cultivars DZ-10-10, Punjab 7, and C 217/3 were severely attacked by blight (Ascochyta rabiei) at Kulumsa. The disease appeared to be a serious problem on chickpeas planted particularly under moist conditions. Ascochyta leaf blight was also observed almost wherever chickpea was grown at Kulumsa and at a few other locations in the CADU project area. The yield of the chickpea trial was also reported to be low due to the heavy attack by ascochyta blight soon aftcr planting. The only line not severely attacked was C 410 (CADU 1971). Ascochyta blight was not observed during the 1971 and 1972 cropping seasons (CADU 1972, 1973) despite the fact that the disFase was believed to be a major problem in chickpea around Kulumsa. Regarding the presence of ascochyta blight in Ethiopia, if it is assumed to be an introduced disease, there is (1)the possibility that it came with seeds of cultivars Punjab 7, C 217/3 and C 410, or (2)since chickpea is not widely grown in Kulumsa and Arsi, it could have been present but not noticed by i'armers long before CADU. The same disease was observed by Dr. Gallagher (USAID researcher) at Debre Zeit in 1976-77 on small plots of chickpea planted in July on light soil. In 1977-78 Dr. Gallagher reported its occurrence at Debre Zeit (July planting), Arsi Negele (July planting), and at Mekele. In the chickpea national yield trial at these locations in 1978-79, the disease appeared to kill some susceptible culti 269
270 vars. It was assumed that the disease was transported with the seeds from Debre Zeit. As a result of this, the pathologists from Institute of Agricultural Research (1AR) and Debre Zeit Research Center instructed the crop coordinator to discontinue the national yield trial of chickpea for 2 years in order to control the disease b) .rop rotation. Now there is a general view not to plant any chickpea during the rainy season; there is also a general understanding not to create the environment that aggravates this disease. The national yield trial will begin again from 1981-82 cropping season. References CADU 1969. Report on Survey and Experiments, Crop Production Department. Public. No. 46:35. CADU 1971. Report on Surveys and Experiments carried out in 1970 by Crop Production Departmrit, Asela. Public. No. 63:51. CADU 1972. Report on Surveys and Experiments carried out in 1971. Crop and Pasture Section, Asela, Public No. 80:64. CADU 1973. Report on Surveys and Experiments carried out in 1972. Crop and Pasture Section, Asela, Public. No. 87:69. Discussion K.B. Singh What is the status of ascochyta blight in your country when the crop is sown at normal time? G. Bejiga When it is planted at normal time there is no ascochyta blight. Ir fact, it is only a problem at the experiment stations. No ascochyta blight has been observed on farmers' fields. M.V. Reddy From the presentation it appears that ascochyta blight has existed in Ethiopia for several years and the belief that it has come through seed from othr countries in the recent past does not seem to be correct. The discontinuation of work on chickpeas because of this problem does not appear to be the answer. Several resistant lines in desi type are now available and they can be tested and resistant ones can be selected for early planting so that the production can be increased.
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A14 ""..."W~e S~wn ofCh all il NM I
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WORLD CROPS: PRODUCTION, UTILIZATIO
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Copyright (c) 1984 by ICARDA All ri
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VI THIRD SESSION: WINTER SOWING Agr
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Foreword The advancing of sowing da
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Editors' Note The idea to hold this
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Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Ope
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4 including stunt virus (pea leaf r
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6 in with Iarmers'plans and proposa
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8 about 130 to over 200 days, where
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10 Table I Mean yield and range of
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12 International Yield Trials A 10-
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14 small plots on farmers' fields i
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16 HANOUNIK, S.B. 1979. Diseases of
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18 diospores (Khune and Kapoor 1980
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20 2. Reproduction Asexual. The ase
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22 surface. However, the fungus los
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24 observed small reddish brown spo
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26 Reddy and Nene (1979) developed
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28 suggested the application of pot
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30 ASKEROV, I.B. 1968. Ascochytosis
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32 NEMLIENKO, F.E. and LUKASHEVICH,
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
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100/ ILC 1929 90 -80./ 8o0 / ILC
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30 24 18 12 6 Temperature (°C) t6
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I I -I - --ii ' Disase Ic I ii I'll
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infected seed is a much more potent
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Proceedingsof the Workshop on Ascoc
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early February were found to give e
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pot assembly consists of a stem tha
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Table I A quantitative 9-point rati
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inoculating the plants by uniformly
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Proceedings ofthe Workshopon Ascoch
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Table I Cultural characteristics of
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Line/ Table 2 Disease grades produc
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India and Iran were highly sporulat
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LUTHRA, J.C. and BEDI K.S. 1932. So
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J.S. Grewal There are more chances
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68 Table I Summary of results of sc
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70 Table 3 Summary of results of sc
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72 ery originated from the USSR, Sp
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Table 7. Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
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Table 8 Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
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Table 9. Contd. Entry Origin Rating
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Table 10 Differential reaction of s
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82 1069, 1467, 1591 were found resi
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84 ing of the remaining collections
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86 AUJLA, S.S. 1964. Study of eleve
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascac
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Parents diallel cross F1 diallel cr
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R.Pieters Malic acid is known to ha
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96 (Hawtin and Singh 1983). Asv.-,h
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98 3. Identification of as many sou
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100 Germ. Evaluation Disease Res. M
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102 Robinson (1976) has further dev
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104 and by the time a multilinc cul
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106 lines will then be made availab
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108 GILL, K.S., NANDA, G.S., SINGH,
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110 the program for the development
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112 where they are not present. See
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114 cides have been found to be eff
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116 indicates that this propagate i
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118 Great care must be exercised in
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120 nature. Ascochyta propagules on
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122 ZACHOS, D.G., PANAGOPOULOS, C.G
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124 0 40 g30 Max 30 20. .,,10 Min ,
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126 ranged from November 22, 1978 t
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128 Genotypes Table 2 Grain yield o
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130 Response to Plant Population Th
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132 ILC 1929 at Tel Hadya and ILC 4
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134 Data in Tab. 5 emphasize the im
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136 appears adequate, therefore no
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138 Discussion F. EI-Sayed I am ass
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Proceedings of the Workshop on Asco
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Table I The timing of reproductive
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Table 3 Accumulated water use by sp
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Es x (1 - a) x Eo t where t is the
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BRIDA cm Water /Depth Interva', 3 4
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crops extended deeper than under wi
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(as at Jindiress), the winter-sown
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eduction in the size of the crop's
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Discussion G.C. Hawtin You raised a
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Table I Nodutation and total drymat
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162 Inoculation with single strain
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164 These results indicate that pho
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166 T.S. Sandhu Is there any techni
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168 April for Tal Abaid (36*42'N, 3
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170 At the end of the severe cold p
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172 Table 4 Origin of lines having
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174 stage (Tab. 6). Of the five cul
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176 HERZOG, H. 1978. Wachsturnsverh
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Proeedings of the Workshop on Ascoc
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There is little information availab
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of the major and minor pests in thi
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attack any other important crop pla
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KAY, D.E. 1979. Food Legumes - Crop
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190 On the other hand, two items th
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192 M.V. Reddy It looks as if the c
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Country World ICARDA region Algeria
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196 Table 2a Export of chickpeas by
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198 India, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
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Chickpea Cultivation 203 In Syria m
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Table 2 Comparison of the growth, s
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Excessive postharvest losses. Posth
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Page 215 and 216: Seedbed preparation is very minimal
Page 217 and 218: carried out at the same time with w
Page 219 and 220: Table 4 Topographical classificatio
Page 221 and 222: Proceedings of the Workshop on Asco
Page 223 and 224: were absorbed by the canning indust
Page 225 and 226: 223 The advantages of winter sowing
Page 227 and 228: 226 cultivars which could be plante
Page 231 and 232: Table 2 Area, production and yicld
Page 233 and 234: 233 Threshing is mostly done by bul
Page 235 and 236: 182, 192,'194,1069, 1772,3279,2380,
Page 237 and 238: 238 4. Mycosphaerella pinodes and A
Page 239 and 240: 240 Kausar (1960) discussed the rea
Page 241 and 242: 242 Date Tale 2 Maximum temperature
Page 243 and 244: 244 Table 4 Maximum temperature and
Page 247 and 248: soil moisture and therefore it is a
Page 249 and 250: Table 2 Characteristics of chickpea
Page 251 and 252: 253 Table 5 Results of a trial on w
Page 255 and 256: Conclusion Chickpea in Tunisia has
Page 257 and 258: 260 however, remained almost static
Page 259 and 260: 262 Agricultural Universities and s
Page 261 and 262: 264 greatest at flowering and fruit
Page 263 and 264: 266 Basis of Resistance Kunzru and
Page 265: 268 Discussion M. Aslain What is yo
Page 269 and 270: Proceedings of the Workshop an Asco
Page 271 and 272: 0- 400 ha ® Em 401 -1000 ha 1001 -
Page 273 and 274: 277 Castille and even (1500 kg/ha)
Page 275 and 276: Table 3 'Rabia' attacks - environme
Page 277 and 278: would be pure extension. Diffusion
Page 279 and 280: 284 7. The role of crop debris as a
Page 281 and 282: 286 involving only a few treatments
Page 283: 288 MAKKOUK, Khalid, Faculty of Agr
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