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232<br />
Table 3<br />
Sowing times, rates and varieties for the main districts.<br />
Main district Sewing time Seed rate Varieties<br />
(kg/ha)<br />
Mianwali, Bar.ru,<br />
D.I. Khan, Kohat<br />
Attock and Jhelum.<br />
Sargodha. Faisalabad,<br />
Sahiwal, Multan and<br />
Baawalhagar.<br />
Mid-Sept to<br />
mid-Oct<br />
80 C 727, C 612, C 12/34, local<br />
Mid-Sept to<br />
end of Oct 80 Pb7, C612, C727-<br />
Jacobabad, Sukkar Oct to early Nov 100 Local, Sanyasi, Sindhi White<br />
Larkana and Khairpur Oct to Nov 100 Local<br />
legumes, although phosphatic fertilizer is recommended at the rate of 50 kg<br />
P20/ha. It is usually broadcast.<br />
Almost all the chickpea cultivars grown in the country are susceptible to pests<br />
and diseases, specially the pod borer, wilt and blight. The most important disease<br />
found in Pakistan is blight (Ascochyta rabiei). Amongst the pests, the most<br />
domaging ones are pod borcr (Heliothis armigera),cut worm (Agrotis spp.) and<br />
seed-weevils (BrUchus spp.).<br />
Weeds in the chickpea crop are also one of the major limiting factors to high<br />
yield. Although the harmful effects of weeds are realized, the huge cost of<br />
weeding prevents farmers from doing the operation. The tedious operation of<br />
hand weeding is common in the traditional sector.<br />
Farmers in some areas delay planting for some days until rains germinate at<br />
least one "wave" of weeds which are then killed by cultivation or harrowing<br />
before or at planting time.<br />
Some experiments are conducted with preemergence herbicides during the<br />
1980-81 crop season. The herbicides used include malaron, tribunil and Igran.<br />
They gave good control of weeds, without damage to the crop.<br />
Manual harvesting is practised. Plants are left after harvesting in the field in<br />
small piles to dry and are later gathered into large heaps in the threshing yards.<br />
land weeding, manual harvesting etc., and the increasing costs of all these<br />
operations on one hand and low yields on the other, deprive farmers of the<br />
incentive to grow chickpea on good pieces of land.<br />
From the fields, the chickpea plants are transported (manually, bullock carts,<br />
etc.) to threshing yards which are mostly on the edge of the village. Tarpaulins<br />
are spread out on the grounds during loading of plants to avoid seed and pod<br />
losses.