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Proceedings of the Workshop on Ascochyta Blight and Winter Sowing ofChickpeas (Saxena, M.C. and Singh, K.B., eds.), IcARDA. 4-7 May 1981, Aleppo, Syria Chickpea Research in Iran A. SARAFI Plant Breeder and Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran Chickpea is one of the main legume crops in Iran. The most important disease affecting this crop in regions such as Azerbaidjan, Fars, Gorgan, Kurdistan and Khouzistan is ascochyta blight. Research on Ascochyta Blight The Regional Pulse Improvement Project has carried out research on this disease and on different methods for reducing the damage (Kaiser et al. 1968; Kaiser 1972; Kaiser 1973; Mossahebi 1967; Okhovat 1969; Okhovat 1974). The following results were obtained: I. Use of certified seeds (free from small, infected, shrivelled seeds or seeds produced in disease-free areas) and seed treatment with Thiabendazole or Daconil is recommended. 2. In high rainfall areas, damage can be reduced by a proper planting date. In some areas late planting at the end of spring rainfall is recommended to avoid severe infection. 3. The chickpea collection was evaluated and many ascochyta blight-resistant lines among black-seeded types were identified. Some of these !nes are being used in our crossing program in order to create high-yielding, white-seeded, blight-resistant cultivars. Research on Winter Sowing During the last 3 years, a inew program is attempting to find cold-tolerant 225 Previous Page Blank
226 cultivars which could be planted in winter under rainfed conditions in the Karaj area. During 1978, 650 white and 540 black-seeded lines from our chickpea collection were planted in winter, without irrigation. Twenty-seven lines were selected that exhibited tolerance to cold, blight and drought. Their yields were evaluated in 1979 in a replicated trial, and in 1980 the most productive lines were te: ,,"in order to determine the suitable date of planting. Research Activities, 1980-81 1. Observation nurseries: 90 lines from our collection were planted to determine drought, cold, and blight-resistant material. 2. White and black chickpeas yield test: 10 lines of each were planted in a replicated yield trial. 3. Plant spacing and density trial: A high yielding cultivar was planted under two row spacings (20 and 50 cm) and three seeding rates (60, 80, and 100 kg/ ha) in order to determine the best combination of these two factors. 4. Herbicide trial: Different herbicides are being tested in a replicted trial to control weeds in winter sown chickpeas. In the future we hope to conduct research programs in cooperation with ICARDA, especially on winter planting. References KAISER, W.J. 1972. Occurrence of three fungal diseases of chickpea in Iran. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 20(4):73-79. KAISER, W.J. 1973. Factors affecting growth, sporulation, pathogenicity and survival of Ascochyta rabiei.Mycologia 65:444-457. KAISER, W.J., DANESH, D., OKHOVAT, M. and MOSSAHEBI, H. 1968. Diseases of pulse crops (edible legumes) in Iran. Plant Dis. Reptr. 52(9):687-691. MOSSAHEBI, H. 1967. The reason for damping off in chickpea in Iran. B.S. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University. OKHOVAT, M. 1969. Legume fungi diseases in Iran. Pages 297-312 in First Plant Protection Congress in Iran. OKHOVAT, M. 1974. Chickpea blight in Iran. Regional Pulse Improvement Project, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University.
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A14 ""..."W~e S~wn ofCh all il NM I
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WORLD CROPS: PRODUCTION, UTILIZATIO
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Copyright (c) 1984 by ICARDA All ri
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VI THIRD SESSION: WINTER SOWING Agr
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Foreword The advancing of sowing da
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Editors' Note The idea to hold this
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Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Ope
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4 including stunt virus (pea leaf r
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6 in with Iarmers'plans and proposa
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8 about 130 to over 200 days, where
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10 Table I Mean yield and range of
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12 International Yield Trials A 10-
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14 small plots on farmers' fields i
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16 HANOUNIK, S.B. 1979. Diseases of
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18 diospores (Khune and Kapoor 1980
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20 2. Reproduction Asexual. The ase
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22 surface. However, the fungus los
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24 observed small reddish brown spo
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26 Reddy and Nene (1979) developed
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28 suggested the application of pot
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30 ASKEROV, I.B. 1968. Ascochytosis
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32 NEMLIENKO, F.E. and LUKASHEVICH,
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
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100/ ILC 1929 90 -80./ 8o0 / ILC
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30 24 18 12 6 Temperature (°C) t6
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I I -I - --ii ' Disase Ic I ii I'll
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infected seed is a much more potent
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Proceedingsof the Workshop on Ascoc
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early February were found to give e
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pot assembly consists of a stem tha
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Table I A quantitative 9-point rati
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inoculating the plants by uniformly
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Proceedings ofthe Workshopon Ascoch
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Table I Cultural characteristics of
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Line/ Table 2 Disease grades produc
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India and Iran were highly sporulat
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LUTHRA, J.C. and BEDI K.S. 1932. So
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J.S. Grewal There are more chances
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68 Table I Summary of results of sc
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70 Table 3 Summary of results of sc
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72 ery originated from the USSR, Sp
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Table 7. Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
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Table 8 Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
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Table 9. Contd. Entry Origin Rating
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Table 10 Differential reaction of s
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82 1069, 1467, 1591 were found resi
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84 ing of the remaining collections
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86 AUJLA, S.S. 1964. Study of eleve
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascac
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Parents diallel cross F1 diallel cr
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R.Pieters Malic acid is known to ha
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96 (Hawtin and Singh 1983). Asv.-,h
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98 3. Identification of as many sou
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100 Germ. Evaluation Disease Res. M
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102 Robinson (1976) has further dev
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104 and by the time a multilinc cul
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106 lines will then be made availab
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108 GILL, K.S., NANDA, G.S., SINGH,
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110 the program for the development
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112 where they are not present. See
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114 cides have been found to be eff
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116 indicates that this propagate i
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118 Great care must be exercised in
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120 nature. Ascochyta propagules on
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122 ZACHOS, D.G., PANAGOPOULOS, C.G
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124 0 40 g30 Max 30 20. .,,10 Min ,
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126 ranged from November 22, 1978 t
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128 Genotypes Table 2 Grain yield o
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130 Response to Plant Population Th
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132 ILC 1929 at Tel Hadya and ILC 4
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134 Data in Tab. 5 emphasize the im
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136 appears adequate, therefore no
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138 Discussion F. EI-Sayed I am ass
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Proceedings of the Workshop on Asco
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Table I The timing of reproductive
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Table 3 Accumulated water use by sp
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Es x (1 - a) x Eo t where t is the
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BRIDA cm Water /Depth Interva', 3 4
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crops extended deeper than under wi
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(as at Jindiress), the winter-sown
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eduction in the size of the crop's
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Discussion G.C. Hawtin You raised a
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Table I Nodutation and total drymat
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162 Inoculation with single strain
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164 These results indicate that pho
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166 T.S. Sandhu Is there any techni
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168 April for Tal Abaid (36*42'N, 3
Page 175 and 176: 170 At the end of the severe cold p
Page 177 and 178: 172 Table 4 Origin of lines having
Page 179 and 180: 174 stage (Tab. 6). Of the five cul
Page 181 and 182: 176 HERZOG, H. 1978. Wachsturnsverh
Page 183 and 184: Proeedings of the Workshop on Ascoc
Page 185 and 186: There is little information availab
Page 187 and 188: of the major and minor pests in thi
Page 189 and 190: attack any other important crop pla
Page 191 and 192: KAY, D.E. 1979. Food Legumes - Crop
Page 193 and 194: 190 On the other hand, two items th
Page 195 and 196: 192 M.V. Reddy It looks as if the c
Page 197 and 198: Country World ICARDA region Algeria
Page 199 and 200: 196 Table 2a Export of chickpeas by
Page 201 and 202: 198 India, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela
Page 203 and 204: Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
Page 205 and 206: Chickpea Cultivation 203 In Syria m
Page 207 and 208: Table 2 Comparison of the growth, s
Page 209 and 210: Proceedings of the Workshop on Asco
Page 211 and 212: Excessive postharvest losses. Posth
Page 215 and 216: Seedbed preparation is very minimal
Page 217 and 218: carried out at the same time with w
Page 219 and 220: Table 4 Topographical classificatio
Page 223 and 224: were absorbed by the canning indust
Page 225: 223 The advantages of winter sowing
Page 231 and 232: Table 2 Area, production and yicld
Page 233 and 234: 233 Threshing is mostly done by bul
Page 235 and 236: 182, 192,'194,1069, 1772,3279,2380,
Page 237 and 238: 238 4. Mycosphaerella pinodes and A
Page 239 and 240: 240 Kausar (1960) discussed the rea
Page 241 and 242: 242 Date Tale 2 Maximum temperature
Page 243 and 244: 244 Table 4 Maximum temperature and
Page 247 and 248: soil moisture and therefore it is a
Page 249 and 250: Table 2 Characteristics of chickpea
Page 251 and 252: 253 Table 5 Results of a trial on w
Page 255 and 256: Conclusion Chickpea in Tunisia has
Page 257 and 258: 260 however, remained almost static
Page 259 and 260: 262 Agricultural Universities and s
Page 261 and 262: 264 greatest at flowering and fruit
Page 263 and 264: 266 Basis of Resistance Kunzru and
Page 265 and 266: 268 Discussion M. Aslain What is yo
Page 267 and 268: 270 vars. It was assumed that the d
Page 269 and 270: Proceedings of the Workshop an Asco
Page 271 and 272: 0- 400 ha ® Em 401 -1000 ha 1001 -
Page 273 and 274: 277 Castille and even (1500 kg/ha)
Page 275 and 276: Table 3 'Rabia' attacks - environme
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would be pure extension. Diffusion
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284 7. The role of crop debris as a
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286 involving only a few treatments
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288 MAKKOUK, Khalid, Faculty of Agr
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