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In 1979-80 the first trials of winter sowing of chickpeas were conducted on farmers fields here in Syria. This followed a specific request from His Excellency the Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform of Syrian Arab Republic that there should be an expanded effort on winter chickpeas in Syria. He was impressed by information then to hand of the big yield advantage that could be gained by such winter planting and we were strongly pressed to move in this direction. These trials in 1979-80 were carried out in cooperation with the Department of Scientific Agricultural Research of the Syrian Ministry of Agriculture. The results of these first trials were, to say the least of it, very encouraging indeed. Across a total of 18 locations in Syria, the variety called ILC 482, a resistant type, yielded an average of nearly 1900 kg/ha on winter planting compared with only 900 kg/ha on spring planting, giving rather more than 100 % yield increase not just in one spot but on a broad brush approach across the area. The trials have continued in 1980-81 in collaboration with the Department of Scientific Agricultural Research, and it is hoped that, providing the results confirm those of the year before, a full-blooded effort will be made to extend this new technoiogy to the farming community. And there is no reason why it should not be done. This season on-farm trials of winter chickpeas are also being conducted in Jordan and Lebanon by the respective national programs. International Yield Trials have also been carried out for winter planting. These trials started in 1979-80 and the material went to 15 locations in nine different countries. The results fed back to us have indicated again a very large yield potential from winter sowing, not invariably but in most of the countries, and yields in excess of 3000 kg/ha have been reported from several locations. The success of these International Yield Trials isindicated by the fact that 44 sets of seed for these trials were sent to 17 countries in 1980-81 and even this was no more than 80 %of the total demand. Sometimes we are accused of getting on to countries and insisting to take our trials. This is not the case, as far as these trials are concerned. The demand exceeds our capacity to supply it. While we are ashamed that we could not meet all the requirement but we are very pleased for the interest being shown. So, Mr. Chairman in view of the probable widespread applicability of winter chickpeas throughout the ICARDA region, and the consequent possibilities for dramatic improvement in yield at the farm level we felt here that the time was ripe for holding a workshop of this nature. We believe there is a dramatic breakthrough in chickpea production. A big step forward awaits us to be made, not rashly or impulsively but on the basis of sound application of reason and planning of further research. We hope that during the workshop past research will be reviewed in depth and the priorities for our further research as also the strategies for extending the new technology to farmers will be collectively decided. Those of us who are older in this game know that all too often research centres and stations dream up a new technology to find that it does not necessarily latch 5
6 in with Iarmers'plans and proposals or indeed with their expectations. We are very conscious that we go no faster than within the limits that farmers are prepared to accept. We do need to consider the strategies for extending this technology to the farmers in the region. It is our hope that these will also be discussed. Mr. Chairman, I think this is about all I want to say on this occasion. You have a very interesting program for the rest of the workshop ahead of you. I feel I would be multiplying words and extending time unnecessarily if I prolong my remvrks and if I may leave it there, I would like, in closing, to echo your welcome to the delegates here and to wish them a very successful workshop. Thank you very much indeed.
Page 1 and 2: A14 ""..."W~e S~wn ofCh all il NM I
Page 3 and 4: WORLD CROPS: PRODUCTION, UTILIZATIO
Page 5 and 6: Copyright (c) 1984 by ICARDA All ri
Page 7 and 8: VI THIRD SESSION: WINTER SOWING Agr
Page 9 and 10: Foreword The advancing of sowing da
Page 11 and 12: Editors' Note The idea to hold this
Page 13 and 14: Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Ope
Page 15: 4 including stunt virus (pea leaf r
Page 19 and 20: 8 about 130 to over 200 days, where
Page 21 and 22: 10 Table I Mean yield and range of
Page 23 and 24: 12 International Yield Trials A 10-
Page 25 and 26: 14 small plots on farmers' fields i
Page 27 and 28: 16 HANOUNIK, S.B. 1979. Diseases of
Page 29 and 30: 18 diospores (Khune and Kapoor 1980
Page 31 and 32: 20 2. Reproduction Asexual. The ase
Page 33 and 34: 22 surface. However, the fungus los
Page 35 and 36: 24 observed small reddish brown spo
Page 37 and 38: 26 Reddy and Nene (1979) developed
Page 39 and 40: 28 suggested the application of pot
Page 41 and 42: 30 ASKEROV, I.B. 1968. Ascochytosis
Page 43 and 44: 32 NEMLIENKO, F.E. and LUKASHEVICH,
Page 45 and 46: Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
Page 47 and 48: 100/ ILC 1929 90 -80./ 8o0 / ILC
Page 49 and 50: 30 24 18 12 6 Temperature (°C) t6
Page 51 and 52: I I -I - --ii ' Disase Ic I ii I'll
Page 53 and 54: infected seed is a much more potent
Page 55 and 56: Proceedingsof the Workshop on Ascoc
Page 57 and 58: early February were found to give e
Page 59 and 60: pot assembly consists of a stem tha
Page 61 and 62: Table I A quantitative 9-point rati
Page 63 and 64: inoculating the plants by uniformly
Page 65 and 66: Proceedings ofthe Workshopon Ascoch
Page 67 and 68:
Table I Cultural characteristics of
Page 69 and 70:
Line/ Table 2 Disease grades produc
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India and Iran were highly sporulat
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LUTHRA, J.C. and BEDI K.S. 1932. So
Page 75 and 76:
J.S. Grewal There are more chances
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68 Table I Summary of results of sc
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70 Table 3 Summary of results of sc
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72 ery originated from the USSR, Sp
Page 83 and 84:
Table 7. Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
Page 85 and 86:
Table 8 Contd. Rating on 1-9 Scale
Page 87 and 88:
Table 9. Contd. Entry Origin Rating
Page 89 and 90:
Table 10 Differential reaction of s
Page 91 and 92:
82 1069, 1467, 1591 were found resi
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84 ing of the remaining collections
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86 AUJLA, S.S. 1964. Study of eleve
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Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascac
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Parents diallel cross F1 diallel cr
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R.Pieters Malic acid is known to ha
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96 (Hawtin and Singh 1983). Asv.-,h
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98 3. Identification of as many sou
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100 Germ. Evaluation Disease Res. M
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102 Robinson (1976) has further dev
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104 and by the time a multilinc cul
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106 lines will then be made availab
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108 GILL, K.S., NANDA, G.S., SINGH,
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110 the program for the development
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112 where they are not present. See
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114 cides have been found to be eff
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116 indicates that this propagate i
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118 Great care must be exercised in
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120 nature. Ascochyta propagules on
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122 ZACHOS, D.G., PANAGOPOULOS, C.G
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124 0 40 g30 Max 30 20. .,,10 Min ,
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126 ranged from November 22, 1978 t
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128 Genotypes Table 2 Grain yield o
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130 Response to Plant Population Th
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132 ILC 1929 at Tel Hadya and ILC 4
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134 Data in Tab. 5 emphasize the im
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136 appears adequate, therefore no
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138 Discussion F. EI-Sayed I am ass
Page 147 and 148:
Proceedings of the Workshop on Asco
Page 149 and 150:
Table I The timing of reproductive
Page 151 and 152:
Table 3 Accumulated water use by sp
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Es x (1 - a) x Eo t where t is the
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BRIDA cm Water /Depth Interva', 3 4
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crops extended deeper than under wi
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(as at Jindiress), the winter-sown
Page 161 and 162:
eduction in the size of the crop's
Page 163 and 164:
Discussion G.C. Hawtin You raised a
Page 165 and 166:
Table I Nodutation and total drymat
Page 167 and 168:
162 Inoculation with single strain
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164 These results indicate that pho
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166 T.S. Sandhu Is there any techni
Page 173 and 174:
168 April for Tal Abaid (36*42'N, 3
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170 At the end of the severe cold p
Page 177 and 178:
172 Table 4 Origin of lines having
Page 179 and 180:
174 stage (Tab. 6). Of the five cul
Page 181 and 182:
176 HERZOG, H. 1978. Wachsturnsverh
Page 183 and 184:
Proeedings of the Workshop on Ascoc
Page 185 and 186:
There is little information availab
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of the major and minor pests in thi
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attack any other important crop pla
Page 191 and 192:
KAY, D.E. 1979. Food Legumes - Crop
Page 193 and 194:
190 On the other hand, two items th
Page 195 and 196:
192 M.V. Reddy It looks as if the c
Page 197 and 198:
Country World ICARDA region Algeria
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196 Table 2a Export of chickpeas by
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198 India, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela
Page 203 and 204:
Proceedings ofthe Workshop on Ascoc
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Chickpea Cultivation 203 In Syria m
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Table 2 Comparison of the growth, s
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Excessive postharvest losses. Posth
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Seedbed preparation is very minimal
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carried out at the same time with w
Page 219 and 220:
Table 4 Topographical classificatio
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Page 223 and 224:
were absorbed by the canning indust
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223 The advantages of winter sowing
Page 227 and 228:
226 cultivars which could be plante
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Table 2 Area, production and yicld
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233 Threshing is mostly done by bul
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182, 192,'194,1069, 1772,3279,2380,
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238 4. Mycosphaerella pinodes and A
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240 Kausar (1960) discussed the rea
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242 Date Tale 2 Maximum temperature
Page 243 and 244:
244 Table 4 Maximum temperature and
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
soil moisture and therefore it is a
Page 249 and 250:
Table 2 Characteristics of chickpea
Page 251 and 252:
253 Table 5 Results of a trial on w
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Conclusion Chickpea in Tunisia has
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260 however, remained almost static
Page 259 and 260:
262 Agricultural Universities and s
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264 greatest at flowering and fruit
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266 Basis of Resistance Kunzru and
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268 Discussion M. Aslain What is yo
Page 267 and 268:
270 vars. It was assumed that the d
Page 269 and 270:
Proceedings of the Workshop an Asco
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0- 400 ha ® Em 401 -1000 ha 1001 -
Page 273 and 274:
277 Castille and even (1500 kg/ha)
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Table 3 'Rabia' attacks - environme
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would be pure extension. Diffusion
Page 279 and 280:
284 7. The role of crop debris as a
Page 281 and 282:
286 involving only a few treatments
Page 283:
288 MAKKOUK, Khalid, Faculty of Agr
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