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Stop-Gap Foliar Protection<br />
When a cultivar loses its effectiveness in resistance, despite all efforts to maintain<br />
the gains of resistance breeding, the best alternative to control the disease<br />
until new sources of resistance are idcntified is to use fungicides as foliar pro~ectants.<br />
Other disease management practices such as change in the cropping<br />
pattern to meet such situations may not ".popular witn farmers because of other<br />
problems.<br />
Short-Terin AlteruLafive to Rcsist"s i Cv<strong>ii</strong>vars<br />
Several good sources of resistance in both desi and kabuli background have been<br />
identified and efforts are under way to develop resistant and high-yielding cultivars.<br />
However, development of resistant cultivars with all desirable characters<br />
for different geograp ic regions is a time consuming p'rocess. In countries where<br />
the losses due to blight are heavy and no resistant cultivars are available, fungicidcs<br />
as foliar protectants have to be used until resistant cultivars are developed.<br />
The greater demand for this legume and the remunerative prices should make<br />
the use of fungicides feasible.<br />
In the past, considerable work on the use of fungicides as foliar sprays to<br />
control blight has been done. Some of the fungicides that were found to be<br />
effective recently were Zineb, Ferbam, Maneb, Captae and fDaconil (Oiarounik<br />
1980; Puerta Romero 1964; Retig and Tobolsky 1967; Se, Nycirck et al 1977;<br />
Solel and Kostrinski 1964; Vir and Grewal 1974bi. Urder highly favorable<br />
conditions for disease development, none of these fungicides, even with as many<br />
as 12 applications, was found to give sufficient protection across the seasons at<br />
ICARDA. There is a great need to search for more cfficient systemic fungicides<br />
which may be more economical to use. This is all the more essential as the<br />
development of resistant cultivars for certain specific locations or races of the<br />
pathogen may take a very long time, or may even not be possible in the near<br />
future.<br />
Summary<br />
The most ideal way of controlling ascochyta blight of chickpea is through the use<br />
of cultivars with durable resistance. In the absence of such resistance, fungicides,<br />
in addition to as seed dressers, when applied with genctypes having vertical<br />
resistance may help in lengthening their life and thus stabilize production. Fungicides<br />
that could completely eradicate the blight pathogen from the infected<br />
chickpea seed are available. Under experimental cbnditions, quite a few fungi<br />
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