Projekt 05HS022 Identifizierung und Vermeidung der hot ... - BLE

0. Extended Summary
16 g per sprayer in 2007. This is about 4.6 g (2006) and 2.6 g (2007) per hectare vineyard
area. Substances with the highest loads were fenhexamide, pyrimethanil, boscalide, tebuconazole,
cyprodinil und fludioxinil. The highest loads correspond to the combat of the fungi
Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola and Oidium. Therefore the different results between the
two years can be explained with the different infection pressure and the different treatment
frequencies.
Results of the arable farming sewage treatment plants
The most remarkable result for the arable farming STPs is the extremely high variability between
the singe STPs. Absolute pesticide loads vary between 140 g and 35000 g per study
period, the main emission period was during the cropping season in spring. Calculated pesticide
loads per sprayer were about 40 g in average (seven STPs) during the first sampling period
(25 compounds, two metabolites). Detailed results show however a high variability from
about 2 g up to 120 g per sprayer (the two STPs with minimum and maximum loads per
sprayer during one sampling period). The pesticide loss per treated area was between 0.02 g
and 1.8 g per hectare.
Much higher loads per sprayer were detected during the sampling of the three arable farming
STPs in Autumn 2007 and spring 2008. Maximum load was 445 g per sprayer, a value never
reported in the literature so far. Extremely high temporal und regional variability is evidently
characteristic for pesticide losses from farmyards.
These eleven compounds contributed approximately 80 % of the total load (with seasonal
variability): metamitron (incl. desamino-metamitron), isoproturon, MCPA, 2,4-DP (a.k.a.
dichlorprop), ethofumesate, tebuconazole, MCPP (a.k.a. mecoprop), metazachlor, epoxiconazole,
terbuthylazine, and bentazone. This order of compounds reflects, as a first approximation,
the sales volume of the respective active iungredient in Germany. The compound diuron,
usually not applied in agriculture, was also detected very often.
The magnitude of the pesticide load can be approximately related to single activities on farmyards.
Preparing a tank mix for an intended application of 1 kg active substance per hectare
leads to an amount of 200 liter spray mixture per hectare, meaning 5 g substance per liter.
The average pesticide emission of sprayers is about 40 g, corresponding to the spillage of
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