de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt

2.5.8 Manufacture of nitrated alcohols
[46, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, 2003], *026E*
Chapter 2
Figure 2.22 shows a typical setup for the manufacture of nitrated alcohols, e.g. nitroglycol or
nitrocellulose.
Nitration
• continuous process
using acid mixtures
• tight temperature
control
• cooling below 0 °C
with non-CFC
refrigerant gas
Re-use
HNO3 >98 % for
nitration
Purification
• separation of waste
acids by centrifugal
methods without
addition of auxiliary
chemicals
• product washing with
alkaline solutions
• re-crystallisation from
non-halogenated
solvents
Solvent recovery
Solvent recovery by
distillation including heat
exchange between feed
and bottom lines
Waste water treatment
• decantation of
explosive traces
• evaporation or on-site
biological treatment or
• co-treatment with
municipal waste water
Waste acid treatment
Continuous distillation
with addition of H2SO4 Market
H2SO4 at about 70 % w/w
Figure 2.22: Typical setup for the manufacture of nitrated alcohols
Waste explosives
Waste gas treatment
Scrubbing with water or
alkaline solutions or
diluted HNO3 Market
Nitric acid 55 %
w/w or liquid
fertiliser
Market
Concentrate
after evaporation
(fertiliser)
Waste explosives are obtained in the decanters and in the cleaning of installations. Some waste
explosives may also be produced during the malfunction of production equipment. Other
explosive waste comes from obsolete products, i.e. those not useful for customers. All kinds of
waste explosives are packaged in suitable containers and then carefully destroyed by open air
combustion or by open detonation in authorised installations. Combustion of waste explosives is
carried out in treatment zones with secondary containment, in order to collect the ashes and
allow disposal of them by a waste treatment contractor.
OFC_BREF Dezember 2005 53