de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt
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de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt

de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt

bvt.umweltbundesamt.de
von bvt.umweltbundesamt.de Mehr von diesem Publisher
05.01.2013 Aufrufe

Chapter 2 Organic feed, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 Water Water, NaOH Water or organic solvent Precipitation Filtration Product washing Dissolving and filtration Recrystallisation Filtration Solid product Nitration Phase separation Distillation Liquid product NO x , SO x , VOC Mother liquor (aqueous phase) Mother liquor Wash-water 52 Dezember 2005 OFC_BREF VOC Distillation residue, unwanted isomers Second filtrate Figure 2.21: Typical sequence of operations for a nitration Possible input materials (on the left) and the associated waste streams (grey background)

2.5.8 Manufacture of nitrated alcohols [46, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, 2003], *026E* Chapter 2 Figure 2.22 shows a typical setup for the manufacture of nitrated alcohols, e.g. nitroglycol or nitrocellulose. Nitration • continuous process using acid mixtures • tight temperature control • cooling below 0 °C with non-CFC refrigerant gas Re-use HNO3 >98 % for nitration Purification • separation of waste acids by centrifugal methods without addition of auxiliary chemicals • product washing with alkaline solutions • re-crystallisation from non-halogenated solvents Solvent recovery Solvent recovery by distillation including heat exchange between feed and bottom lines Waste water treatment • decantation of explosive traces • evaporation or on-site biological treatment or • co-treatment with municipal waste water Waste acid treatment Continuous distillation with addition of H2SO4 Market H2SO4 at about 70 % w/w Figure 2.22: Typical setup for the manufacture of nitrated alcohols Waste explosives Waste gas treatment Scrubbing with water or alkaline solutions or diluted HNO3 Market Nitric acid 55 % w/w or liquid fertiliser Market Concentrate after evaporation (fertiliser) Waste explosives are obtained in the decanters and in the cleaning of installations. Some waste explosives may also be produced during the malfunction of production equipment. Other explosive waste comes from obsolete products, i.e. those not useful for customers. All kinds of waste explosives are packaged in suitable containers and then carefully destroyed by open air combustion or by open detonation in authorised installations. Combustion of waste explosives is carried out in treatment zones with secondary containment, in order to collect the ashes and allow disposal of them by a waste treatment contractor. OFC_BREF Dezember 2005 53

Chapter 2<br />

Organic feed,<br />

H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3<br />

Water<br />

Water, NaOH<br />

Water or<br />

organic solvent<br />

Precipitation<br />

Filtration<br />

Product washing<br />

Dissolving and filtration<br />

Recrystallisation<br />

Filtration<br />

Solid product<br />

Nitration<br />

Phase<br />

separation<br />

Distillation<br />

Liquid product<br />

NO x , SO x , VOC<br />

Mother liquor<br />

(aqueous<br />

phase)<br />

Mother liquor<br />

Wash-water<br />

52 Dezember 2005 OFC_BREF<br />

VOC<br />

Distillation residue,<br />

unwanted isomers<br />

Second filtrate<br />

Figure 2.21: Typical sequence of operations for a nitration<br />

Possible input materials (on the left) and the associated waste streams (grey background)

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