de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt
de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt de - Beste verfügbare Techniken (BVT) - Umweltbundesamt
Chapter 6 Achieved environmental benefits Continuous online monitoring (via calorimetry) of the processes delivers the following environmental benefits: • accurate processes end point detection – delivering improved product yield and reducing waste • accurate processes end point detection – improving plant utilisation and reducing energy costs associated with unnecessary prolonged batch times • identification of potential runaway reactions – reducing the associated environmental risks. An improved process temperature control of constant flux can improve reaction selectivity (and process conditions) and, hence, output quality and yield. A reduction in the amount of waste product is a natural consequence of this. Finally, constant flux utilises a fundamentally different approach to process temperature control. This delivers the following environmental improvements on the heat transfer fluid system: • reduction in the pumping energy required to circulate the heat transfer fluid, by over 90 % • reduction in the absolute heating and cooling energy required to control the heat transfer fluid temperature • reduction in the inventory of heat transfer fluid required – reducing the consumption of heat transfer fluid. Cross-media effects Wahrscheinlich keine. Operational data Constant flux can be operated in the same way as virtually any conventional stirred tank reactor: • volumetric capacity: from 100 ml to 100000 litres • material of construction: stainless steel, hastelloy, glass, glass-lined steel and other alloys • operating pressure: as required • operating temperature: as required • U values (the overall heat transfer coefficient) equivalent to, or better than, conventional jacketed batch reactors. Applicability Constant flux can be applied to virtually any batch vessel design on any scale. The designs are suitable for laboratory, pilot and industrial applications. The concept of constant flux can be applied to batch vessels running, e.g. chemical synthesis reactions, crystallisations, polymerisations and fermentations. Furthermore, the concept of constant flux can be applied to continuous reactors. However, development in this area is at an early stage. 402 Dezember 2005 OFC_BREF
Economics Chapter 6 The ability to monitor a process online will allow the process to be continually improved and optimised. This will deliver significant economic advantages in operational plant performance. The quantum of the economic advantage will, however, be determined by the particular process(es) and the nature of the plant employed. The capital cost of implementing constant flux is often small when compared to the operational benefits achievable. Driving force for implementation Within the pharmaceutical industry, the FDA’s Process and Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative is a key force in driving the adoption of analytical techniques in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Constant flux provides an accurate, simple and versatile analytical tool in the primary manufacturing environment. More generally, the economic benefits that constant flux can deliver (improved product yield and quality, and reduced operating costs) is driving increasing interest from a broad range of chemical manufacturers across a number of application areas. References to literature and example plants [109, Ondrey, 2005], [110, A. Desai and R. Pahngli, 2004], [111, Ashe, 2004], [112, Hairston, 2003], [113, Ashe, 2002] OFC_BREF Dezember 2005 403
- Seite 383 und 384: Anlass für die Umsetzung Verringer
- Seite 385 und 386: 4.3.8.16 Elimination von Phosphorve
- Seite 387 und 388: Wirtschaftliche Aspekte Allgemein a
- Seite 389 und 390: Medienübergreifende Effekte Wahrsc
- Seite 391 und 392: 4.3.8.20 Online-Überwachung der To
- Seite 393 und 394: Kapitel 4 4.3.8.21 Überwachung des
- Seite 395 und 396: 4.4 Umweltmanagement-Instrumente Be
- Seite 397 und 398: Kapitel 4 (v) Dokumentation − Ers
- Seite 399 und 400: Kapitel 4 (g) Validierung durch die
- Seite 401 und 402: Kapitel 4 umgekehrten Verhältnis z
- Seite 403 und 404: 5 BESTE VERFÜGBARE TECHNIKEN Kapit
- Seite 405 und 406: Kapitel 5 5.1 Vermeidung und Vermin
- Seite 407 und 408: Kapitel 5 a) Einsatz von geschlosse
- Seite 409 und 410: 5.1.2.4.3 Inertisierung Kapitel 5 D
- Seite 411 und 412: 5.1.2.5.5 Indirektkühlung Kapitel
- Seite 413 und 414: Parameter Abwassermenge pro Charge
- Seite 415 und 416: Kapitel 5 Parameter Durchschnittlic
- Seite 417 und 418: 5.2.3.2 Rückgewinnung/Minderung vo
- Seite 419 und 420: 5.2.3.6 Entstaubung von Abgasen Kap
- Seite 421 und 422: 5.2.4.3 Entfernung von Lösemitteln
- Seite 423 und 424: 5.2.4.6 Zerstörung freier Cyanide
- Seite 425 und 426: Kapitel 5 Es ist BVT, das Gesamtabw
- Seite 427 und 428: 6 EMERGING TECHNIQUES 6.1 Mixing im
- Seite 429 und 430: 6.2 Process intensification Descrip
- Seite 431 und 432: 6.3 Microwave Assisted Organic Synt
- Seite 433: 6.4 Constant flux reactor systems D
- Seite 438 und 439: Chapter 7 7.2 Recommendations for f
- Seite 441 und 442: REFERENCES 1 Hunger, K. (2003). "In
- Seite 443 und 444: References 53 UBA (2004). "BREF OFC
- Seite 445: References 100 TAA (2000). “Techn
- Seite 448 und 449: Glossar B Biodegradability A measur
- Seite 450 und 451: Glossar EC 50 Acute toxicity level
- Seite 452 und 453: Glossar P PAH Polycyclic aromatic h
- Seite 454 und 455: Glossar VSS Volatile Suspended Soli
- Seite 457 und 458: 9 ANNEXES 9.1 Description of refere
- Seite 459 und 460: Plant Production 063E Explosives 06
Economics<br />
Chapter 6<br />
The ability to monitor a process online will allow the process to be continually improved and<br />
optimised. This will <strong>de</strong>liver significant economic advantages in operational plant performance.<br />
The quantum of the economic advantage will, however, be <strong>de</strong>termined by the particular<br />
process(es) and the nature of the plant employed.<br />
The capital cost of implementing constant flux is often small when compared to the operational<br />
benefits achievable.<br />
Driving force for implementation<br />
Within the pharmaceutical industry, the FDA’s Process and Analytical Technology (PAT)<br />
initiative is a key force in driving the adoption of analytical techniques in pharmaceutical<br />
manufacturing. Constant flux provi<strong>de</strong>s an accurate, simple and versatile analytical tool in the<br />
primary manufacturing environment.<br />
More generally, the economic benefits that constant flux can <strong>de</strong>liver (improved product yield<br />
and quality, and reduced operating costs) is driving increasing interest from a broad range of<br />
chemical manufacturers across a number of application areas.<br />
References to literature and example plants<br />
[109, Ondrey, 2005], [110, A. Desai and R. Pahngli, 2004], [111, Ashe, 2004], [112, Hairston,<br />
2003], [113, Ashe, 2002]<br />
OFC_BREF Dezember 2005 403
Change language